Lysophospholipase
In enzymology, a lysophospholipase (EC 3.1.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction
- 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate
| lysophospholipase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| EC number | 3.1.1.5 | ||||||||
| CAS number | 9001-85-8 | ||||||||
| Databases | |||||||||
| IntEnz | IntEnz view | ||||||||
| BRENDA | BRENDA entry | ||||||||
| ExPASy | NiceZyme view | ||||||||
| KEGG | KEGG entry | ||||||||
| MetaCyc | metabolic pathway | ||||||||
| PRIAM | profile | ||||||||
| PDB structures | RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum | ||||||||
| Gene Ontology | AmiGO / QuickGO | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Lysophospholipase, catalytic region | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||||
| Symbol | PLA2_B | ||||||||||
| Pfam | PF01735 | ||||||||||
| InterPro | IPR002642 | ||||||||||
| SMART | SM00022 | ||||||||||
| PROSITE | PDOC51210 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2-lysophosphatidylcholine and H2O, whereas its two products are glycerophosphocholine and carboxylate.
This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on carboxylic ester bonds. This family consists of lysophospholipase / phospholipase B EC 3.1.1.5 and cytosolic phospholipase A2 which also has a C2 domain InterPro: IPR000008. Phospholipase B enzymes catalyse the release of fatty acids from lysophospholipids and are capable in vitro of hydrolyzing all phospholipids extractable from yeast cells.[1] Cytosolic phospholipase A2 associates with natural membranes in response to physiological increases in Ca2+ and selectively hydrolyses arachidonyl phospholipids,[2] the aligned region corresponds the carboxy-terminal Ca2+-independent catalytic domain of the protein as discussed in.[2]
The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2-lysophosphatidylcholine acylhydrolase. Other names in common use include lecithinase B, lysolecithinase, phospholipase B, lysophosphatidase, lecitholipase, phosphatidase B, lysophosphatidylcholine hydrolase, lysophospholipase A1, lysophopholipase L2, lysophospholipase transacylase, neuropathy target esterase, NTE, NTE-LysoPLA, and NTE-lysophospholipase. This enzyme participates in glycerophospholipid metabolism.
Examples
Human genes encoding proteins that contain this domain include:
References
- Nalefski EA, Sultzman LA, Martin DM, Kriz RW, Towler PS, Knopf JL, Clark JD (1994). "Delineation of two functionally distinct domains of cytosolic phospholipase A2, a regulatory Ca(2+)-dependent lipid-binding domain and a Ca(2+)-independent catalytic domain". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (27): 18239–18249. PMID 8027085.
- Lee KS, Patton JL, Fido M, Hines LK, Kohlwein SD, Paltauf F, Henry SA, Levin DE (1994). "The Saccharomyces cerevisiae PLB1 gene encodes a protein required for lysophospholipase and phospholipase B activity". J. Biol. Chem. 269 (31): 19725–19730. PMID 8051052.
Further reading
- Abe M, Ohno K, Sato R (1974). "Possible identity of lysolecithin acyl-hydrolase with lysolecithin-lysolecithin acyl-transferase in rat-lung soluble fraction". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 369 (3): 361–370. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(74)90150-7.
- Contardi A, Ercoli A (1933). "The enzymic cleavage of lecithin and lysolecithin". Biochem. Z. 261: 275–302.
- Dawson RMC (1958). "Studies on the hydrolysis of lecithin by Penicillium notatum phospholipase B preparation". Biochem. J. 70 (4): 559–570. doi:10.1042/bj0700559. PMC 1196709. PMID 13607409.
- Fairbairn D (1948). "The preparation and properties of a lysophospholipase from Penicillium notatum". J. Biol. Chem. 173: 705–714. PMID 18910725.
- SHAPIRO B (1953). "Purification and properties of a lysolecithinase from pancreas". Biochem. J. 53 (4): 663–6. doi:10.1042/bj0530663. PMC 1198209. PMID 13032127.
- van den Bosch H, Aarsman AJ, de Jong JG, van Deenem LL (1973). "Studies on lysophospholipases. I. Purification and some properties of a lysophospholipase from beef pancreas". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 296 (1): 94–104. doi:10.1016/0005-2760(73)90048-9. PMID 4693514.
- van den Bosch H, Vianen GM, van Heusden GP (1981). "Lysophospholipase--transacylase from rat lung". Methods Enzymol. 71 Pt. C: 513–21. doi:10.1016/0076-6879(81)71061-9. PMID 7278668.
- van Tienhoven M, Atkins J, Li Y, Glynn P (2002). "Human neuropathy target esterase catalyzes hydrolysis of membrane lipids". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (23): 20942–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.M200330200. PMID 11927584.
- Quistad GB, Barlow C, Winrow CJ, Sparks SE, Casida JE (2003). "Evidence that mouse brain neuropathy target esterase is a lysophospholipase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 100 (13): 7983–7. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.7983Q. doi:10.1073/pnas.1232473100. PMC 164699. PMID 12805562.
- Lush MJ, Li Y, Read DJ, Willis AC, Glynn P (1998). "Neuropathy target esterase and a homologous Drosophila neurodegeneration-associated mutant protein contain a novel domain conserved from bacteria to man". Biochem. J. 332 (Pt 1): 1–4. doi:10.1042/bj3320001. PMC 1219444. PMID 9576844.
- Winrow CJ, Hemming ML, Allen DM, Quistad GB, Casida JE, Barlow C (2003). "Loss of neuropathy target esterase in mice links organophosphate exposure to hyperactivity". Nat. Genet. 33 (4): 477–85. doi:10.1038/ng1131. PMID 12640454.