McComb, Mississippi

McComb is a city in Pike County, Mississippi, United States, approximately 80 miles (130 km) south of Jackson. As of the 2010 census, the city had a total population of 12,790.[3] It is the principal city of the McComb, Mississippi Micropolitan Statistical Area. It is known particularly for its history of violence against African-Americans during the entire 20th century, and especially the civil rights movement.

McComb, Mississippi
City
Location of McComb, Mississippi
McComb, Mississippi
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 31°14′40.10″N 90°28′17.73″W
CountryUnited States
StateMississippi
CountyPike
Government
 • MayorQuordiniah Lockley
Area
 • Total11.84 sq mi (30.66 km2)
 • Land11.78 sq mi (30.51 km2)
 • Water0.06 sq mi (0.15 km2)
Elevation
423 ft (129 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total12,790
 • Estimate 
(2019)[2]
13,013
 • Density1,104.67/sq mi (426.52/km2)
Time zoneUTC−6 (Central (CST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP codes
39648-39649
Area code(s)601/ 769
FIPS code28-43280
GNIS feature ID0673307
WebsiteMcComb Mississippi

History
A steam locomotive on display in McComb

McComb was founded in 1872 after Henry Simpson McComb of the New Orleans, Jackson and Great Northern Railroad, a predecessor of the Illinois Central Railroad (now part of the Canadian National Railway), decided to move the railroad's maintenance shops away from New Orleans, Louisiana, to avoid the attractions of that city's bars.

The railroad purchased land in Pike County. Three nearby communities, Elizabethtown, Burglund, and Harveytown, agreed to consolidate to form this town. Main Street developed with the downtown's shops, attractions, and business.

Racist violence and civil rights

The rail center in McComb was one of flashpoints in the violent Illinois Central shopmen's strike of 1911. Riots took place here that resulted in many injuries, at least three black strikebreakers killed, and authorities bringing in state militia to suppress the emergency soon after the strike started on September 30.[4]

During the 1960s, McComb and nearby areas were the sites of extreme violence by KKK and other white supremacist opponents to the Civil Rights Movement. In 1961, SNCC conducted its first voter registration project in Mississippi in this city. White officials and local KKK members countered it with violence and intimidation to suppress black voters.

In addition to the physical attacks on activists, Herbert Lee, an older member of the NAACP, was murdered in front of witnesses at a cotton gin in nearby Liberty, Mississippi, by white state representative E.H. Hurst. The attacker claimed self-defense and was exonerated by an all-white coroner's jury.[5]

In 1961, Brenda Travis, Robert Talbert, and Ike Lewis were arrested for staging a sit in at a Greyhound station. They were charged with trespassing and kept in jail for 28 days. Following their release, Travis was expelled from school. In response to the expulsion and the murder of Herbert Lee, 115 students staged a walk out on October 4, 1961 known as the Burglund High School Walk Out. At the walk out, many students were beaten by the police and arrested. Students continued protesting by refusing to return to school until Travis was allowed to reenroll. As a result, they too were expelled. The 16 seniors who participated were unable to graduate. Travis' fate for participating in the march was more serious. Travis was arrested, again, and sent to a state juvenile facility without a trial. After 6 and a half months, Travis was released by the governor and exiled from Mississippi.[6][7][8]

After whites severely beat several staff members, staff members being jailed for their involvement with the walkout, and receiving backlash from the community for putting students on the "frontlines", SNCC pulled out of the region in early 1962. They moved north in Mississippi to work in slightly less dangerous conditions.[9]

In January 1964, Louis Allen was murdered in Liberty, Mississippi, shortly before he planned to move north to join his brother in Minnesota. A married family man and member of the NAACP, he had been a witness to Lee's murder by Hurst in 1961, and he had been suspected of talking to US Department of Justice officials about it. They told him they could not offer him protection.[10]

The song, "We'll Never Turn Back," was related to the 1961 events in Amite and Pike counties. One verse said: "We have hung our heads and cried, Cried for those like Lee who died, Died for you and he died for me, Died for the cause of equality, But we'll never turn back..."[10]

In 1964, civil rights activists began the Mississippi Project and what would be called Freedom Summer, with teams returning to southwest Mississippi. They sang, "We'll Never Turn Back." SNCC members of the Council of Federated Organizations (COFO) returned to McComb in mid-July 1964 to work on voter registration. From late August 1964 through September, after passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, McComb was the site of eleven bombings directed against African Americans.[10] Malcolm Boyd took part of COFO's Freedom House as a member of a clerical delegation to assist African-American voter registration.

The following summer, Congress passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 authorizing federal oversight and enforcement to enable blacks to register and vote again in the South. In Mississippi, most blacks had been disenfranchised since 1890. Even with enforcement, it took time to overcome local white resistance to black voting.

Other

On October 20, 1977, a chartered plane carrying members and crew of rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd crashed in a swamp near McComb, killing lead singer Ronnie Van Zant, guitarist Steve Gaines, Steve's sister Cassie (a backup singer), and road manager Dean Kilpatrick.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 11.6 square miles (30 km2), of which 11.6 square miles (30 km2) is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km2) (0.54%) is water.

Climate

The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, McComb has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.[11]

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18801,982—
18902,38320.2%
19004,47787.9%
19106,23739.3%
19207,77524.7%
193010,05729.4%
19409,898−1.6%
195010,4015.1%
196012,02015.6%
197011,969−0.4%
198012,3313.0%
199011,591−6.0%
200013,33715.1%
201012,790−4.1%
2019 (est.)13,013[2]1.7%
U.S. Decennial Census[12]

As of the census[13] of 2010, there were 12,790 people and 5,073 households in the city. The population density was 1,184 people per square mile (424/km2). There were 5,825 housing units at an average density of 500.6 per square mile (193.3/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 66.29% African American, 31.22% White, 0.91% Asian, 0.17% Native American, 0.05% Pacific Islander, 0.53% from other races, and 0.82% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.41% of the population.

As of the 2000 census, there were 5,265 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 35.5% were married couples living together, 25.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 32.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 3.13.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 29.0% under the age of 18, 9.5% from 18 to 24, 24.7% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $26,507, and the median income for a family was $31,758. Males had a median income of $27,899 versus $17,402 for females. The per capita income for the city was $13,790. About 27.4% of families and 31.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 43.7% of those under the age of 18 and 21.3% of those 65 and older.

Education

The City of McComb is served by the McComb School District. There are 7 schools in the district, Otken Elementary, Kennedy Early Childhood Center, Higgins Middle School, Denman Jr. High School, McComb High School, Business & Technology Center, and Summit Academy. The McComb and the surrounding Pike County area has three separate school districts, three private schools, and a community college in the northern part of the county. St. Alphonsus Catholic Church is located in McComb and provides classes kindergarten through seventh grade. McComb is also the location of Parklane Academy, a K4 through 12th grade private college preparatory school. And Jubilee - Performing Arts - Center, a private school catered in the performing arts. It is the first of its kind in the Pike County Area. It is located in the central McComb region. Southwest Mississippi Community College is located seven miles north of McComb, and northeast of Summit, MS. McComb High School is one of the 100 National Model Schools.

Infrastructure

Rail transportation
See also: McComb (Amtrak station)

Amtrak, the national passenger rail system, provides service to McComb. Amtrak trains 58 & 59, the City of New Orleans stop here.[14]

Notable people

References
  1. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved July 26, 2020.
  2. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". United States Census Bureau. May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
  3. "Mississippi: 2010" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. 2012-08-14. Retrieved 8 July 2018.
  4. Industrial Relations: Final Report and Testimony, United States Commission on Industrial Relations. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1916. pp. 9714–9719. Retrieved 1 April 2016.
  5. "Civil Rights Movement -- History & Timeline, 1961". Crmvet.org. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  6. Collier, Natalie A. "Better Late Than Never". www.jacksonfreepress.com. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  7. "Burglund High School students walkout". SNCC Digital Gateway. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  8. "Brenda Travis". SNCC Digital Gateway. Retrieved 2020-05-09.
  9. "SNCC leaves McComb". SNCC Digital Gateway. Retrieved 2020-05-10.
  10. Peter Cummings, "11 New Bombings Continue Long Legacy of Violence In Southwestern Mississippi", First of three articles, The Crimson (Harvard), 30 September 1964, accessed 11 January 2015
  11. "McComb, Mississippi Köppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)". Weatherbase. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  12. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  13. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  14. "City of New Orleans Train Chicago, Memphis, New Orleans - Amtrak". Amtrak.com. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  15. "Bo Diddley". Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2018.
  16. "Mississippi Blues Commission - Blues Trail". Msbluestrail.org. Retrieved 2008-05-28.
  17. "Bio page". Vasti Jackson. 2014-07-13. Retrieved 2016-12-28.
  18. "Obituaries: Barlow and Related Families". Baton Rouge State Times, March 12, 1990, p. 6-!. Retrieved May 7, 2010.
  19. "Dan Tyler:Biography". Retrieved October 8, 2020.
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