Monte Cristi, Dominican Republic
San Fernando de Monte Cristi is the capital of Monte Cristi Province in the Dominican Republic. It is located in the northwest region of the country in the coastal lowlands near the border with Haiti.
San Fernando de Monte Cristi | |
|---|---|
 Seal | |
  San Fernando de Monte Cristi | |
| Coordinates: 19°51′0″N 71°39′0″W | |
| Country |  Dominican Republic |
| Province | Monte Cristi |
| Founded | 1506 |
| Municipality since | 1822 |
| Area | |
| • Total | 455.5 km2 (175.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 16 m (52 ft) |
| Population (2012)[3] | |
| • Total | 42,657 |
| • Density | 94/km2 (240/sq mi) |
| • Demonym | Montecristeño(a) |
| Distance to – Santo Domingo | 270 km |
| Municipal Districts | 0 |
| Climate | As |
History
Monte Cristi was founded by Nicolás de Ovando in 1506 and populated in 1533 by Juan de Bolaños and 63 families from the Canary Islands. These migrated to various parts of the country afterwards leaving the town behind. It was later repopulated and became a very wealthy port in the mid-to-late 16th century.
In 1606, one hundred years after its founding, it was destroyed as retribution for doing business with pirates. In 1756 the city was rebuilt and again became a prosperous trading center, until the early 20th century. [4]
In 1895, it was the site of the signing of the Manifesto of Montecristi by Máximo Gómez and José Martí, at the Gómez home on Mella St. They sailed from "La Granja" beach, also in Montecristi, to Cuba to fight for its independence.
Climate
Monte Cristi has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: As[5]) with a pronounced dry season in the summer, and a wet season in the winter. It has an average temperature of 26.5 °C (80 °F) and an average annual rainfall of 70 centimetres (28 in). The average evaporation is 180 centimetres (71 in). Precipitation is highest in the eastern part of the park where the winds collide with the Northern Range and discharge their waters. The same applies to the area of Manzanillo. The same winds hit the Central Cordillera and its extension, the Massif du Nord in Haiti. The effect is felt mainly in the foothills near Loma de Cabrera and Dajabón, and to a lesser extent in Manzanillo.
Hurricanes and tropical storms have little effect on the area of Monte Cristi, however, they can cause increased rains and flooding in the Yaque del Norte River, which brings sediment that affects reefs in the area. During the winter, some cold fronts come from North America, with low temperatures and strong northerly winds. It is also common that cold currents coming down from the Arctic seabed emerge when they hit the island shelf.
| Climate data for Monte Cristi (1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.2 (93.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
34.8 (94.6) |
34.2 (93.6) |
36.0 (96.8) |
37.3 (99.1) |
37.3 (99.1) |
38.0 (100.4) |
38.4 (101.1) |
36.6 (97.9) |
35.7 (96.3) |
34.5 (94.1) |
38.4 (101.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 29.4 (84.9) |
29.5 (85.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.7 (89.1) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.7 (92.7) |
33.4 (92.1) |
32.7 (90.9) |
31.1 (88.0) |
29.7 (85.5) |
31.6 (88.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.2 (75.6) |
24.4 (75.9) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.7 (78.3) |
26.8 (80.2) |
28.1 (82.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.3 (82.9) |
28.0 (82.4) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.1 (79.0) |
24.6 (76.3) |
26.4 (79.5) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.0 (66.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.9 (73.2) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.1 (70.0) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.3 (70.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.2 (61.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 67.8 (2.67) |
47.2 (1.86) |
53.5 (2.11) |
70.9 (2.79) |
52.7 (2.07) |
31.0 (1.22) |
15.4 (0.61) |
27.0 (1.06) |
33.4 (1.31) |
59.9 (2.36) |
66.4 (2.61) |
70.0 (2.76) |
595.2 (23.43) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 4.7 | 4.3 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 5.7 | 2.9 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 3.6 | 5.5 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 52.1 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79.1 | 77.8 | 76.9 | 77.2 | 78.5 | 75.4 | 73.1 | 73.8 | 75.1 | 76.7 | 77.3 | 78.9 | 76.6 |
| Source: ONAMET[6] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Monte Cristi (1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 34.2 (93.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
36.0 (96.8) |
38.0 (100.4) |
39.0 (102.2) |
38.5 (101.3) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.0 (98.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 28.9 (84.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.5 (86.9) |
31.8 (89.2) |
33.3 (91.9) |
33.6 (92.5) |
33.8 (92.8) |
33.7 (92.7) |
32.7 (90.9) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.2 (84.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 24.1 (75.4) |
24.5 (76.1) |
25.1 (77.2) |
25.8 (78.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
28.2 (82.8) |
28.4 (83.1) |
28.5 (83.3) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.5 (81.5) |
25.9 (78.6) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.5 (79.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 19.2 (66.6) |
19.6 (67.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
21.1 (70.0) |
22.2 (72.0) |
23.0 (73.4) |
23.2 (73.8) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.4 (72.3) |
21.3 (70.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
21.5 (70.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 14.0 (57.2) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.7 (58.5) |
16.0 (60.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.0 (68.0) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.0 (64.4) |
16.2 (61.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
14.0 (57.2) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 73.8 (2.91) |
47.3 (1.86) |
47.7 (1.88) |
59.0 (2.32) |
59.8 (2.35) |
40.1 (1.58) |
21.5 (0.85) |
28.1 (1.11) |
34.8 (1.37) |
67.7 (2.67) |
108.2 (4.26) |
84.1 (3.31) |
672.1 (26.46) |
| Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5.0 | 3.7 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 2.1 | 2.8 | 3.7 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 6.5 | 52.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 79.3 | 78.0 | 76.7 | 77.4 | 78.7 | 75.9 | 73.1 | 73.6 | 74.8 | 76.7 | 77.3 | 79.2 | 76.7 |
| Source: NOAA[7] | |||||||||||||
See also
References
- Superficies a nivel de municipios, Oficina Nacional de Estadistica Archived 2009-04-17 at the Wayback Machine
- De la Fuente, Santiago (1976). Geografía Dominicana (in Spanish). Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic: Editora Colegial Quisqueyana.
- Censo 2012 de Población y Vivienda,Oficina Nacional de Estadistica Archived 2009-09-19 at the Wayback Machine
- "Montecristi". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 2007-08-02.
- "Monte Cristi Climate & Temperature". Climatemps.com. Retrieved 27 December 2014.
- "Datos climatológicos normales y extremos 71-2000 estaciones Sinópticas - tercer trimestre 2019" (in Spanish). Oficina Nacional de Meteorología. Retrieved 20 October 2020.
- "Monte Cristi Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved March 23, 2015.