November 1921

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November 12, 1921: World arms limitation conference opens in Washington, DC

The following events occurred in November 1921:

November 1, 1921 (Tuesday)

November 2, 1921 (Wednesday)
  • The Emirate of Jabal Shammar, whose territory included most of the northern part of modern Saudi Arabia including the city of Ha'il, was conquered by the armies of the Sultanate of Nejd, led by Abdulaziz bin Abdul al-Saud, who united the Saudi kingdom under his control. [3]
  • Fifteen of the 19 crew on the Swedish cargo ship Bellgrove died when the ship foundered in the North Sea off Denmark near Lønstrup.[4]
  • The British government asked the Soviet government in Moscow to be specific regarding payment of which pre-war debts of the Russian Empire would be paid back to the United Kingdom for loans during World War One. [1]
  • Born: Søren Kam, Danish-born member of the German SS who eluded prosecution for the murder of Danish newspaper editor Carl Henrik Clemmensen; in Copenhagen (d. 2015) [5]

November 3, 1921 (Thursday)

November 4, 1921 (Friday)
  • The Prime Minister of Japan since 1918, Hara Takashi was stabbed to death by railwayman Nakaoka Kon'ichi at the Tokyo railway station while preparing to take a train to Kyoto for a conference of the Rikken Seiyūkai political party.[8][1]
  • Italy's Unknown Soldier of World War One was buried with ceremony at the Victor Emmanuel monument in Rome. [1]
  • The All-India Congress Committee of 200 voted in favor of continuing its support of the Mahatma Gandhi's passive resistance movement against the colonial government of British India. [1]
  • Yugoslavia's King Alexander returned to Belgrade after a long illness in Paris and formally assumed the throne. [1]
  • The Hungarian National Assembly passed a bill barring the Hapsburg family permanently from ruling Hungary, and deported former King Karoly VI of Hungary and Queen Zita to exile in Madeira, following a direct request from the Allied Powers. [1] [9]
  • The value of Germany's Deutsche Mark dropped to an all-time low of almost 1/4 of a U.S. penny, with one dollar being the equivalent of 243 Marks. [1]
  • The French cargo ship Député Gaston Dumesnil left Penarth, Glamorgan, United Kingdom for Rouen, Seine-Inférieure, but foundered in the Bristol Channel. The bodies of six of the crew were later washed up on the north coast of Cornwall.[10]
  • Died: Oscar Montelius, 78, Swedish archaeologist[11]

November 5, 1921 (Saturday)

November 6, 1921 (Sunday)
  • The parliament of Hungary voted to void any claims that former King Karoly IV or any other member of the House of Habsburg had to the Hungarian throne. The vote repealed the 208 year old Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 that had allowed the Habsburgs the right to rule Hungary.
  • As inflation spiraled out of control in Germany, the Allied Reparations Commission announced its intention to go to Berlin to determined the prospects of Germany making its next reparations payment of $120,000,000 on its due date of January 15. [1]
  • In Rome, Pope Benedict XV appointed a young priest, Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli, as the president of Italy's branch of the Society for the Propagation of the Faith. [15] Roncalli would continue to receive appointments to higher positions within the Roman Catholic Church, becoming a Cardinal in 1953, and would be elected as Pope John XXIII in 1958.
  • Born: James Jones, American writer, in Robinson, Illinois (died 1977)[16]

November 7, 1921 (Monday)
  • Sixteen of the 18 crew of the Norwegian cargo ship Alf died when the ship foundered in the North Sea off of the coast of England near Lowestoft, Suffolk. [17]
  • Eusebio Ayala became the new President of Paraguay after being appointed by the National Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Manuel Gondra and the unsuccessful efforts of Vice President Félix Paiva to be accepted as Gondra's successor. Ayala served for almost 18 months, resigning on April 12, 1923. [18] [19]
  • At Prague, representatives of the governments of Poland and Czechoslovakia signed a treaty providing cooperation on common matters and a pledge to not interfere in each other's policies. [1]

November 8, 1921 (Tuesday)
  • Serb forces from Yugoslavia invaded Albania, leading to the United Kingdom's protest in the League of Nations. [1]
  • The state of war that had existed since December 7, 1917, between the United States and the Empire of Austria, ended with the ratification of the U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty
  • The Washington Daily News was launched in Washington, D.C. as an afternoon tabloid, becoming the national capital's fifth daily newspaper. Preferred by the African-American community in Washington, the Daily News existed for more than 50 years, before being purchased in 1972 by the older Washington Star and shut down on July 12. [20]
  • Born:

November 9, 1921 (Wednesday)
  • The day after an unprecedented robbery of two million dollars from the main post office in New York City, the U.S. Department of the Post Office suspended three of the officials of the office, and requested the United States Marines to supply guards on mail trucks and railroad cars. [1]
  • Italy's National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista or PNF) was founded at a convention of Fascist Italians in Rome.[23] In protest over the Fascist agenda, a one-day general strike was called by labor unions within the Italian capital. [1]
  • Britain's Chancellor of the Exchequer, Sir Robert Horne, announced to the House of Commons that the United Kingdom would pay 50 million pounds sterling to the United States in 1922, representing the interest incurred on U.S. loans during 1921. [1]
  • Seven of the 18 crew on the Colombian cargo ship Mensabe died when the ship sank during a voyage from Panama City to Buenaventura.[24]

November 10, 1921 (Thursday)
  • The British House of Commons was prorogued until January. [1]
  • Died: Dr. Jennie Kidd Trout, 80, the first woman in Canada to become a licensed M.D.[25]

November 11, 1921 (Friday)
  • During an Armistice Day ceremony at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, United States, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier was dedicated by President Warren G. Harding.[26] [1]
  • Using telephone lines that would later be part of a transcontinental radio broadcasting network, AT&T transmitted the Armistice Day speech of President Harding to auditoriums in New York City and San Francisco. [27]
  • The UK's first official "Poppy Day" took place on Remembrance Day; poppies were sold by the Royal British Legion at the instigation of Madame Guérin.
  • On the third anniversary of the end of the First World War, the United States and Germany exchanged their formal ratifications of the 1921 peace treaty. [1]
  • Deruluft (abbreviation for Deutsch Russische Luftverkehrs, or German-Russian Airlines, a join venture of Germany and the Soviet Union, was founded. The company began operations on May 1, 1922, with a flight between Moscow and the then-German city of Königsberg (now Kaliningrad in Russia, and would operate until March 31, 1937, with a dissolution following a split between Hitler of Germany and Stalin of the USSR. [28]
  • Born: Terrel Bell, the second U.S. Secretary of Education; in Lava Hot Springs, Idaho (d. 1996) [29]
  • Died: John Augustine Zahm, 70, American Roman Catholic minister and South American explorer. [1]

November 12, 1921 (Saturday)

November 13, 1921 (Sunday)
  • Baron Takahashi Korekiyo was installed as the new Prime Minister of Japan to succeed the late Takashi Hara, who had been assassinated on November 4. Baron Korekiyo continued to serve as Minister of Finance and Minister of the Navy, and made no changes in Hara's existing cabinet. [1]
  • Birth control advocate Margaret Sanger was arrested by New York police while speaking about contraception to an audience of women and men at the city's forum for lectures, The Town Hall. [34]

November 14, 1921 (Monday)

November 15, 1921 (Tuesday)
  • Radio broadcasting began in the U.S. city of Chicago as Westinghouse Electric and Commonwealth Edison jointly launched station KYW. [39]
  • At the Washington Disarmament Conference, delegates from the UK, France, Italy and Japan approved in principle of the proposals by U.S. Secretary of State Hughes for the U.S. Navy, Britain's Royal Navy and the Japanese Imperial Navy to cut their fleets by a total of 66 ships. [37]
  • U.S. President Harding welcomed Mirza Hussein Khan Ali, Persia's first diplomatic emissary to the U.S. [37]
  • Chicago newspaper reporter Antoinette Van Hoesen Wakeman was fatally injured after being struck by a car during a visit to New York City. She lived for more than three weeks before dying of her injuries on December 8. [40]
  • Born:
  • Died: Tadhg Barry, 31, Irish Republican imprisoned at Ballykinlar, was shot by a prison guard while conversing with other prisoners who were being released. [43]

November 16, 1921 (Wednesday)
  • In Washington, Japan's Admiral Katō Tomosaburō made a counter-proposal to the Hughes plan for Japan's navy to be 60% as large as those of the U.S. and Britain, described as the 5:5:3 naval ratio, and sought a 70% ratio of 10:10:7 [37]
  • China's delegate to the conference, Dr. Sze, proposed a 10-point plan for the world's superpowers to maintain the territorial integrity of China, Manchuria and Mongolia in return for an "open door" policy on trade. [37]
  • At Pandikkad in British India, now in the Kerala state in India, Nepalese Gurkha troops repelled an attack by Muslim rebels during the Malabar rebellion. [37]
  • The executives of railway lines in the U.S. announced a 10 percent reduction of their rates for shipping agricultural products, to take effect on November 26. [37]
  • Born:

November 17, 1921 (Thursday)

November 18, 1921 (Friday)
  • Gosbank, the new state bank of the Soviet Union, began operations, opening in Moscow. [37]
  • In light of the discussions at the Washington Disarmament Conference, the British Admiralty ordered the suspension of new warship construction until further notice. [37]
  • The U.S. Senate overwhelmingly approved the Willis–Campbell Act to would prohibit the prescription of beer for medicinal purposes. Physicians were still allowed to prescribe one-half of a pint (236 ml) of whiskey and wine to patients, and limited to a book of 100 prescriptions every 90 days. The measure passed, 56 to 22, with 12 Democrats and 10 Democrats opposing, and was signed by President Harding five days later. [37]
  • After a financial panic in China caused a run on the banks, General Wu Peifu assured diplomats that he would guarantee payment of China's foreign loans if the government in Beijing fell. [37]
  • The Representatives of Yugoslavia and Albania appeared before the Council of the League of Nations in Paris and pledged to respect the tentative boundary line that had been ladi down between the two nations by the Council of Ambassadors. [37]
  • American sailor and photographer Harry Pidgeon began an attempt to become the second person (after the late Joshua Slocum) to sail around the world by himself, departing on a sailboat he had built himself, the Islander, from Los Angeles. He would take almost four years to complete the circumnavigation, returning to L.A. on October 31, 1925. [46]

November 19, 1921 (Saturday)
  • Flying the same Curtiss CR-2 involved in his record-breaking flight of November 3, Bert Acosta sets a new world speed record of 197.8 miles per hour (318.3 km/h).[47]
  • The Sheppard–Towner Act, the first legislation to provide for federal welfare payments, was approved by the U.S. House of Representatives, 279 to 139, to provide federal funding for prenatal care and child care. President Harding signed it into law on November 23.[37]
  • The National Library of Mongolia was established in Ulan Bator with an initial donation of only 200 books. [48]
  • Brought by the Royal Navy cruiser HMS Cardiff, former Austro-Hungarian Emperor Charles and Empress Zita arrived at the Portuguese island of Madeira for their exile after Charles had attempted to take the throne of Hungary. [9]
  • Born: Roy Campanella, African-American baseball player in the Negro National League for the Baltimore Elite Giants, and in the National League for the Brooklyn Dodgers; inductee into the National Baseball Hall of Fame; in Philadelphia (d. 1993) [49]

November 20, 1921 (Sunday)

November 21, 1921 (Monday)

November 22, 1921 (Tuesday)
  • A treaty between the United Kingdom and Afghanistan was signed at Kabul, giving written assurances that no Russian consulates would be permitted in the areas adjoining the Indian frontier. The new treaty amended the 1919 Treaty of Rawalpindi, reaffirmed Britain's recognition of Afghanistan's independence, restored the privilege of importing munitions through India, and transferred a small area near the Khyber Pass to Afghanistan.[55]
  • Japan tentatively agreed to recognize Manchuria as an integral part of China, after originally arguing that Chinese territory should be limited to what was within the protection of the Great Wall of China. [37]
  • Twenty people were killed in Belfast as the truce between Irish nationalists and Northern Ireland Unionists was broken. [37]
  • The British royal family announced the engagement of Princess Mary, the only daughter of King George V, to Viscount Lascelles, son of the Earl Of Harewood. [37]
  • Born:
  • Died:

November 23, 1921 (Wednesday)

November 24, 1921 (Thursday)

November 25, 1921 (Friday)

November 26, 1921 (Saturday)
  • U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Charles White Whittlesey, who had received the Medal of Honor for his leadership of the "Lost Battalion" in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive during World War I, was never seen again after he jumped from the British ocean liner SS Toloa on the same day the ship had departed from New York on a trip to Havana. [66] Whittlesey left behind a will and instructions to the captain of the ship on the disposition of his luggage and personal effects. [67]
  • Born: František Listopad (pen name for Jiří Synek), Czech-born poet who later became a theatre and television director in Portugal; in Prague (d. 2017) [68]
  • Died: Sarah Robinson, 87, British temperance activist and champion of aid to veterans Hartley, Cathy (2003). "Robinson, Sarah (1834–1921), evangelist and army temperance activist". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

November 27, 1921 (Sunday)

November 28, 1921 (Monday)
  • At the Disarmament Conference, the leading powers agreed with the request from China that the other nations shut down their system of "alien post offices" that had been maintained in China, in that China had built its own mail delivery service with over 13,000 locations. At the time, Japan had 124 post offices there, while France had 13, Britain had 12 and the U.S. had one. The Conference nations agreed, pledging to remove their offices by January 1, 1923. [69]
  • Died: ʻAbdu'l-Bahá, 77, Persian-born religious leader of the Baháʼí Faith [70] [71]

November 29, 1921 (Tuesday)
  • Died: Ivan Caryll (professional name for Felix Tilkins), 58, Belgian music composer of who specialized in the melodies for musical comedies, died eight days after he had suffered a hemorrhage while watching the rehearsal of his latest musical, Little Miss Raffles. [72] Five of Caryll's songs were later used when the musical was renamed The Hotel Mouse.

November 30, 1921 (Wednesday)

References
  1. The American Review of Reviews, Volume 64 (December, 1921) pp. 584-587
  2. "Monumental Underaking", "This Week in KC History", Kansas City Public Library
  3. Uwe Pfullmann, Durch Wüste und Steppe: Entdeckerlexikon arabische Halbinsel : Biographien und Berichte (Through desert and steppe: Lexicon of the Arabian Peninsula, Biographies and Reports) (in German) (Trafo, 2001) p. 193
  4. "Swedish steamer sunk". The Times (42869). London. 4 November 1921. col C, p. 9.
  5. "Dänischer Ex-SS-Offizier Sören Kam 93-jährig gestorben" [Danish ex-SS-officer Søren Kam dies at 93 years]. tt.com, March 30, 2015 (in German)
  6. Bill Gunston; David Taylor; Andy Ewart (1984). The Guinness book of speed facts & feats. Guinness Superlatives. p. 122. ISBN 978-0-85112-267-0.
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  8. Mitchell, Richard H. (1996). Political Bribery in Japan. University of Hawaii Press. p. 44. ISBN 9780824818197.
  9. Gordon Brook-Shepherd, Uncrowned Emperor - The Life and Times of Otto von Habsburg (Hambledon & London, 2004)
  10. Wreckage and some of the crew washed up near Padstow.--Lettens, Jan. "SS Depute Gaston Dumesnil ? (Député(+1921)". wrecksite. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  11. "Oscar Montelius - Swedish archaeologist". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  12. "Beisetzung Ludwigs III., München, 5. November 1921" ("Burial of Ludwig III, Munich, November 5, 1921"), by Dieter J. Weiss, Historisches Lexikon Bayerns online
  13. "Syracuse Plays Montreal; Is First International Game for Canadians in 41 Years", Lewiston (Maine) Daily Sun, November 5, 1921 p. 4
  14. "Princess Fawzia Fuad of Egypt". The Telegraph. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 16 July 2013.
  15. Peter Hebblethwaite, John XXIII, Pope of the Council (Harper Collins, 1994) p. 96
  16. George Hendrick; Helen Howe; Don Sackrider (2001). James Jones and the Handy Writers' Colony. SIU Press. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-8093-2365-4.
  17. "Gale havoc to shipping". The Times (42872). London. 8 November 1921. col C, p. 12.
  18. "Eusebio Ayala", by Miguel A. Gatti, in Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, vol. 1 (Charles Scribner's Sons 1996) p. 246
  19. "Biografía de Pedro Ayala, el presidente de la Victoria", by Paola Dalles, ABC Color newspaper (Asunción, Paraguay), October 11, 2011
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  26. Michael J. Allen (18 September 2009). Until the Last Man Comes Home: POWs, MIAs, and the Unending Vietnam War. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-8078-9531-3.
  27. "President's Words Heard by 150,000 in Three Cities" by Robert W. King, Klamath Falls (OR) Evening Herald, January 16, 1922, p. 2
  28. Camille Allaz, History of Air Cargo and Airmail from the 18th Century (Christopher Foyle Publishing, 2005) p. 139
  29. "T.H. Bell – Ex-cabinet member and educator dies at 74", Deseret News (Salt Lake City, Utah), June 23, 1996
  30. Francis Russell, The Shadow of Blooming Grove: Warren G. Harding In His Times (Easton Press, 1968)
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  34. "Sanger Raid Inquiry Ends in Brief Clash", New York Herald, January 24, 1922. p. 3
  35. Guy Hermet (1974). The Communists in Spain: Study of an Underground Political Movement. Ashgate Publishing Company. pp. 13–16. ISBN 978-0-347-01032-0.
  36. Chavez, Eduardo (2006). Our Lady of Guadalupe and Saint Juan Diego: The Historical Evidence. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, INC. p. 29. ISBN 978-0-7425-5104-6.
  37. The American Review of Reviews, Volume 65 (January, 1922)] pp. 22-26
  38. "Brian Keith, Hardy Actor, 75; Played Dads and Desperadoes", by Lawrence Van Gelder, The New York Times, June 25, 1997
  39. "Radio Has Gripped Chicago", by George P. Stone, Rad>io Broadcast magazine (October 1922) pp. 503-511
  40. "Mrs. A. V. H. Wakeman Dies of Injuries". New York Herald. December 10, 1921. p. 3
  41. "MGM's Rosenfelt dies at 85: Icon led studio's acquisition of United Artists", Variety magazine (August 3, 2007)
  42. "Gu Yuezhen", by Shirley Wai Chan and Barabara Law, in Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Twentieth Century (Routledge, 2016) pp. 187-188
  43. William Murphy, Political Imprisonment and the Irish, 1912-1921 (Oxford University Press, 2016)
  44. "Paul Beeson BSC", British Society of Cinematographers website
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  46. "Mariners Honor Circler Of Globe In Tiny Craft; Harry Pidgeon Is Awarded Coveted Blue Water Medal", AP report in Sarasota (FL) Herald-Tribune, March 20, 1926, p. 1
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  48. "Libraries in transition: How librarians in Mongolia are re-visioning the role of libraries in the new democracy, a case study", by Catherine Anne Johnson and Borchuluun Yadamsuren, in The International Information & Library Review (March 2010) p. 2
  49. "Roy Campanella", National Baseball Hall of Fame site
  50. M.T. Ansari, Islam and Nationalism in India: South Indian Contexts (Taylor & Francis, 2015)
  51. "64 out of 100 Moplah prisoners suffocated in a closed car on train in India", The New York Times, November 22, 1921
  52. Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver, Elections in Europe: A data handbook (Nomos, 2010) p. 289
  53. "Charles Kleibacker, Fashion Designer, Dies at 88", by Eric Wilson, The New York Times, January 7, 2010
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  55. Great Britain; Great Britain. Foreign Office (1931). Handbook of Commercial Treaties, Etc., with Foreign Powers. H.M. Stationery Office. pp. 7–8.
  56. "Rodney Dangerfield dead at 82", AP report on MSNBC.com, October 7, 2004
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  63. "(968) Petunia", in Dictionary of Minor Planet Names (5th ed.), ed. by Lutz D. Schmadel, (Springer, 2007) p. 85
  64. Bix, Herbert P.. Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan. Harper Perennial (2001). Page 123. ISBN 0060931302}}
  65. "Development Aide of Bell Laboratories Is Dead-Held Transistor Patents", The New York Times, April 1, 1959
  66. "Col. Wittlesey, of the 'Lost Battalion,' Vanishes from Ship", The New York Times, November 29, 1921, p. 1
  67. "Aftermath of War: A World War I Hero Lost at Sea: The Death of Charles Whittlesey, 1921", by David Langbart, The Text Message, National Archives, December 11, 2018
  68. "Listopad František", Autoři publikující v nakladatelství Petrov
  69. "Vote Ban on China's Alien Post Offices", The New York Times, November 29, 1921, p. 1
  70. "Bahai Cult Leader Expires in Syria", The New York Times, December 1, 1921, p. 17
  71. "‘Abdu’l-Bahá ‘Abbás (1844–1921)", The Baháʼí Encyclopedia Project"
  72. "Ivan Caryll Dies as He Finishes Play— Noted Composer With Hemorrhage at Rehearsal of 'Little Miss Raffles'", The New York Times, November 30, 1921, p. 1
  73. "Condemns Landru to the Guillotine", The New York Times, December 1, 1921, p. 1
  74. "Lord Mount Stephen Railway Pioneer, Dies; First President of Canadian Pacific Succumbs at Home in Hertrfordshire, Eng., at 92 Years", The New York Times, December 1, 1921, p. 17
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