September 1921


The following events occurred in September 1921:

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September 21, 1921: 560 people killed in explosion at BASF chemical factory in Germany
September 22, 1921: The Mahatma Gandhi switches to traditional Indian attire

September 1, 1921 (Thursday)
  • The “Poplar Rates Rebellion” broke out in London after several members of Poplar Borough Council were arrested, including council leader, George Lansbury, for refusing to hand over payments to London County Council.[1]
  • The first "superdreadnought" of the U.S. Navy, USS Washington, was launched at Camden, New Jersey. With an all electric driven engine, the warship had eight 16 inches (410 mm) guns and was capable of a speed of 21 knots.[2]
  • The League of Nations Supreme Council appointed an international commission to determine the Silesian boundary between Germany and Poland, with Paul Hymans of Belgium, Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo of China, Count Quinones de Leon of Spain and Dr. Gastoa de Cunha of Brazil.[2]

September 2, 1921 (Friday)

September 3, 1921 (Saturday)
  • On the first full day of U.S. Army intervention in the Battle of Blair Mountain in Mingo County, West Virginia, about 400 of 4,000 armed miners agreed to disarm and surrendered their weapons to the federal troops. Most miners in the insurrection fled into the West Virginia hills, and many hid their weapons.[11]
  • Representatives of U.S. oil companies signed an agreement with the government of Mexico after negotiating a favorable tariff on Mexican petroleum exports.[12][13]
  • The Republic of China appointed Dr. W. W. Yen to be its chief delegate to the November arms limitation conference.[2]
  • The SS Abessinia, a German-registered cargo ship, was wrecked on Knivestone in the Farne Islands off the coast of England, after being surrendered to the United Kingdom by Germany as part of World War One reparations. The wreckage can still be seen in the North Sea and the site is popular with divers.[14]
  • Ernest Hemingway, at the time a 22-year old American journalist, married 30-year old Elizabeth Hadley Richardson, the first of four marriages for Hemingway. The couple would divorce in 1927 after his affair with Pauline Pfeiffer.[15]

September 4, 1921 (Sunday)
  • Irish Nationalist Eamon de Valera replied to the July 20 proposals by British Prime Minister David Lloyd George and rejected the idea of limited self-government within the UK for southern Ireland. De Valera insisted on Dominion status similar to that of other dominions such as Canada, the end of British armed forces occupation, freedom from British parliamentary acts and a unity with the province of Northern Ireland.[16]
  • A treaty between the United States and the Kingdom of Siam (now Thailand went into effect, with the U.S. giving up extraterritorial rights within Siam and Siam gaining full fiscal autonomy.[17]
  • The Emirate of Afghanistan ratified a treaty with the Soviet Union of non-interference.[2]
  • France agreed to accept reparations of building supplies worth seven billion German marks as a substitute for German gold.[2]
  • The first Italian Grand Prix was staged on a series of roads near the village of Montichiari in the province of Brescia, making a 10.7-mile (17.3 km).[18] The race would be moved in 1922 to a specially-built tract near Milan at the Autodromo Nazionale di Monza..
  • Prince Hirohito of Japan returned home after completing his tour of Europe.[2] He would not return to Europe until almost exactly 50 years later, as the first Emperor of Japan to depart the nation.
  • Born:

September 5, 1921 (Monday)
Arbuckle and Rappe

September 6, 1921 (Tuesday)

September 7, 1921 (Wednesday)
The Town House [35]
  • The British government cabinet met outside of England for the first time, holding an emergency session at the Town House of the city of Inverness in Scotland. Prime Minister Lloyd George was on vacation in nearby Gairloch. From the meeting came the government's counteroffer to Ireland's Eamon De Valera, proposing a September 20 conference at Inverness in Scotland with Dáil Éireann delegates on the condition that Ireland agree to remain within the British Empire.[36] The Dail agreed on September 14 to bring a delegation of five representatives to the meeting, including Dáil Éireann Foreign Minister Arthur Griffith and Finance Minister Michael Collins, but refused to drop its demand for complete independence. Prime Minister Lloyd George canceled the conference the next day.[37]
  • The Army of Nicaragua successfully rebelled Nicaraguan rebels who were attempting to invade the Central American nation from neighboring Honduras. After the rebels fled back across the border, 1,300 of them were captured by troops of the Army of the Honduras.[2]
  • Distribution of American famine relief for Russia began in Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg) as kitchens were opened and food was distributed.[38]
  • Major League Baseball Commissioner and former judge K. M. Landis, who had agreed to be the arbitrator in a dispute between unionized construction workers and construction firms, ordered a reduction of up to one-third in the wages of the laborers, from $1.25 an hour to 70¢ an hour.[2]
  • The British-registered ocean liner Almanzora ran aground at Oporto, Portugal.[39] Her 1,200 passengers were taken off the following day, and[40] the ship was refloated on September 13.[41]
  • Born:
  • Died:
    • Johann Christoph Neupert, 78, founder of the Neupert company that manufactured pianos and harpsichords.
    • John Tamatoa Baker, 69, Hawaiian-born politician who served as the Governor of the Island of Hawaii within the Kingdom of Hawaii during 1892 and 1893

September 8, 1921 (Thursday)
  • The Soviet government of Russia denied the Allied Relief Commission authority to investigate famine conditions in the Russian interior.[2]
  • The American representatives for the November 11 arms limitation conference scheduled for Washington were named, to be led by U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes, former Secretary of State Elihu Root, and to include both the Republican and Democratic U.S. Senate leaders, Henry Cabot Lodge and Oscar W. Underwood.[43]
  • Soviet troops completed their withdrawal from the short-lived Soviet Republic of Gilan, following negotiations with Persia.[44]
  • U.S. philanthropist Urbain Ledoux, who billed himself as "Mister Zero", staged a job fair in Boston in which he displayed 150 unemployed job seekers on an auction block in the same manner of slaves, including having the men pose shirtless, to be "auctioned off" to potential employers.[45]
  • British Prime Minister David Lloyd George's offered independent Ireland's new leader Éamon de Valera a compromise allowing Ireland limited sovereignty within the British Empire.[46][47]
Miss Gorman, the first Miss America

September 9, 1921 (Friday)
  • The Cunard Line ship RMS Aquitainia set a speed record in crossing the Atlantic Ocean, averaging 22.45 knots (25.835 miles per hour (41.577 km/h) in making the run from Cherbourg to New York in 5 days, 16 hours and 57 minutes.[50]
  • The Praya East Reclamation Scheme was launched with an order from the Hong Kong government.[51]
  • The Ku Klux Klan announced that it would take legal action for libel against any publications that reprinted the ’’New York World’’ exposé of its activities.[52]
  • A group of 18 federal agents of the U.S. narcotics squad raided the Greek ocean liner King Alexander while it was anchored in New York and fought a gun battle, wounding five members of the crew, beating 20 more, and arresting 326 people after being tipped off that the ship was smuggling narcotics and liquor. The agents reportedly seized more than one million dollars worth of illegal cargo, but were unable to catch the leader of the narcotics ring, Sabas Meninthis, who was the fourth officer of the King Alexander. New York Harbor police, fired at the federal agents, mistaking them as smugglers. One hour after the raid, the leader of the narcotic squad raiders, Frank J. Fitzpatrick, committed suicide by shooting himself in the chest.[53]
  • Born: Mohamed Abdel Ghani el-Gamasy, Egyptian military officer and commander of Egypt's armed forces during the 1973 Yom Kippur War against Israel; in al-Batanun, Monufia Governorate [54] (d. 2003)
  • Died:

September 10, 1921 (Saturday)
  • At least 215 people were killed in a flash flood of the Brazos River and its tributaries in the U.S. state of Texas.[57][58] In San Antonio, 51 people died as waters 12 feet (3.7 m) high rushed through the downtown business district.[59][60] Hardest hit was the town of Taylor, Texas, where 87 people drowned after 39.7 inches (1,010 mm) of rain fell in 36 hours in Williamson County.
  • Thirty-four people in Chester, Pennsylvania were killed when a wooden footbridge on Third Street collapsed.[61] A group of about 60 men, women and children had crowded the old structure to watch the recovery of a drowning victim, when the bridge fell 15 feet (4.6 m) into the river.
  • Thirty-eight people were killed and 60 more injured in France in the derailment of a Paris à Lyon et à la Méditerranée (PLM) express train shortly at the station at Les Échets, after departing Lyons for Strasbourg. Most of the casualties were French Army soldiers who were returning to Alsace after being on furlough.[62]
  • The first ascent of the steep north face of the Eiger, the 13,015 feet (3,967 m) mountain in the Alps of Switzerland, was made by a team of four climbers, Maki Yūkō of Japan, and Fritz Steuri, Fritz Amatter and Samuel Brawand of Switzerland.[63][64]
Duke of Teschen
  • Archduke Friedrich of Austria, the Duke of Teschen and former Supreme Commander of the Austro-Hungarian forces during World War One, sold almost all of his estates in Austria (including castles, apartment buildings, mining operations, the Albertina Museum in Vienna and one million acres of Austrian land — more than 1,500 square miles (3,900 km2) — to an American business syndicate of investors, headed by J. P. Morgan & Co. president Charles H. Sabin.[65]
  • American silent film star Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle was arrested in San Francisco and charged with the murder of Virginia Rappe, who had been found dead in his hotel room at the Hotel St. Francis. Under the law in California at the time, bail could not be set for a person charged with murder.[66] Within a few days, movie theaters in California, and then in the rest of the United States, announced that they would not show Arbuckle's films, including the recently released Crazy to Marry, and the general public was declining to buy tickets at all.
  • "Camp Ross", a part of the U.S. Navy's Great Lakes Naval Station, was signed over to the United States Veterans' Bureau for use as a hospital.[67]
  • Born: Vaddadi Papaiah, Indian painter and illustrator for Telugu language publications, usually under the pen name "Vapa"; in Srikakulam, Madras Province, British India (now in Andhra Pradesh state (d. 1992)

September 11, 1921 (Sunday)

September 12, 1921 (Monday)
  • The Soviet Union declared war on the Kingdom of Romania in order to reclaim the territory of Bessarabia, 18,000 square miles (47,000 km2) of territory awarded from the Russian Empire to Romania by the Allied Supreme Council in 1919.[75]
  • The government of the British Mandate for Palestine signed an agreement to provide for electric power infrastructure for most of the future nation of Israel, granting Pinchas Rutenberg's Jaffa Electric Company the exclusive right to use a 70-year concession to generate hydroelectric power from the Yarkon River.[76]
  • Dock workers in parts of Ireland were forced to accept a reduction of one shilling per day in their wages because of a downturn in the industry.[77]
  • The State Alien Poll Tax law in California was declared unconstitutional in a unanimous decision of The Supreme Court of California [78]

September 13, 1921 (Tuesday)

September 14, 1921 (Wednesday)
The "World Court" seal

September 15, 1921 (Thursday)

September 16, 1921 (Friday)

September 17, 1921 (Saturday)
Antarctica-bound Quest
  • The first season of the newly established Irish Free State League Football League began, with three games involving the soccer football league's six teams. Frank Haine of Bohemians scored the first ever goal in the new league in their 5—0 win against the YMCA. The other scores were Shelbourne 3, Frankfort 1; and St James's Gate 5, Dublin United 1. [103]
  • The Shackleton–Rowett Expedition to Antarctica, led by explorer Ernest Shackleton and financed by John Q. Rowett, departed from the St Katharine Docks of London on the steam-powered schooner Quest.[104][105] Determined to explore Antarctica and ignoring warnings of his own health, Shackleton would die of a heart attack on January 5, 1922, one day after Quest reached the island of South Georgia
  • The Dovre Line rail link between Oslo and Trondheim in Norway was officially opened. The next day, the rail line suffered its first fatal accident.[106]
  • The All Blacks and Springboks drew 0-0 in the third and deciding test of their inaugural rugby union series in appalling conditions at Wellington, New Zealand. The All Blacks had won the first test in Dunedin 13-5 and the Springboks had won the second in Auckland 9-5, thus making the three-test series 1-1 and setting the scene for one of the great rivalries in world rugby and sport.
  • Born: Virgilio Barco Vargas, President of Colombia from 1986 to 1990; in Cúcuta[107] (died 1997)

September 18, 1921 (Sunday)
Abd el-Krim

September 19, 1921 (Wednesday)

September 20, 1921 (Tuesday)

September 21, 1921 (Wednesday)
Footit et Chocolat

September 22, 1921 (Thursday)
  • At the city of Madurai in British India, the Mahatma Gandhi, leader of the passive resistance movement against British rule, decided to abandon the Western attire that he had worn as a lawyer, in favor of the traditional robe and loin cloth worn by the poorest of the Indian people.[127] He would continue to dress in the style of the common man for the rest of his life.
  • Fourteen of the crew of the Norwegian cargo ship Salina were killed when the ship collided with the Belgian ship Jan Breydel and sank in the English Channel. Survivors were rescued by the Jan Breydel.[128][129]
  • Dr. Gustav Ritter von Kahr, the right-wing Premier of Bavaria and a sympathizer with the cause of the secession of Bavaria from the Weimar Republic of Germany, was replaced by the moderately conservative Count Hugo von Lerchenfeld of Köfering—Schönberg.[95]
  • The Central Legislative Assembly representing the indigenous majority of British India voted to lobby the British government to repeal the repressive Rowlatt Act that permitted colonial authorities to arrest and imprison suspects indefinitely without trial.[95]
  • Seethikoya Thangal, leader of rebels in what is now India's state of Kerala, proclaimed himself the Governor of a kingdom based in Kumaramputhur.[95]
Mrs. Wintringham

September 23, 1921 (Friday)
  • At Geneva, Poland and Germany signed a treaty allowing Germany to retain the independent port of Danzig.[133] After World War II, the "Free State of Danzig" and surrounding communities became a permanent part of Poland as Gdansk.
  • With nine games left in the pennant race in baseball's American League, and six of the AL's eight teams eliminated from contention, the first place New York Yankees (91-53) and the second place Cleveland Indians (92-54) met for the first part of a four-game scheduled regular season series that would ultimately determine who would go to the World Series, and the Yankees won, 4 to 2, to take the lead in the race.[134] Cleveland won the Saturday game, 9 to 0, while the Yankees beat the Indians in the Sunday installment, 21 to 7 [135] and the Monday final, 8 to 7, putting the Indians two games behind the Yankees with only four left to play.[136]
  • Johnny Buff (John Lisky) won the world bantamweight boxing championship at the age of 32, defeating titleholder Pete Herman (Peter Gulotta), who had recently reclaimed the title on July 25, in a 15-round bout at Madison Square Garden.[137]
  • Born: Joe Hill Louis, American blues musician who died prematurely from a tetanus infection; in Raines, Tennessee (d. 1957) [138]
  • Died: Bernard de Romanet, 27, French Army lieutenant and World War One flying ace with 18 aerial victories, later a sporting pilot who broke the world speed record twice in 1920 (with a maximum speed of 192 kilometres per hour (119 mph), was killed in a plane crash while taking part in the qualifying races for the Coupe Deutsch de la Meurthe, where he had planned to reclaim the world speed record from Joseph Sadi-Lecointe. According to witnesses from the ground, it appeared that Romanet had unofficially surpassed 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph) and then 300 kilometres per hour (190 mph) in a Lumière-de Monge racer monoplane but that the fabric on the left wing had torn off, causing him to crash near Étampes.[139] The Monge had recently been converted from a biplane to a monoplane when the lower wings were removed in order to increase speed, and plunged from an altitude of 650 feet (200 m).[140]

September 24, 1921 (Saturday)
  • In Budapest, former Hungarian Prime Minister and Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Gyula Andrássy escaped an assassination attempt by an anti-monarchist, Ibrahim Kover, who fired five shots at Andrassy and former National Assembly leader Rakovsky, both leaders of the Christian National Union Party (KNEP), which advocated bringing the last ruler of Austria-Hungary, King Karoly IV, back to the throne.[141]
  • The first International Eugenics Conference since 1912, and only the second one ever held, was closed in London with an address by British Army Major Leonard Darwin, a eugenicist and politician, as well as the son of Charles Darwin. Major Darwin told the delegates that it was the patriotic duty of "better class" families to propagate because those persons with "superior" genetic traits were "disappearing" while "inferior" citizens were rapidly multiplying.[95]
  • The Council of Ambassadors in the League of Nations demanded that Hungary evacuate the Burgenland section of Austria, which Hungarian partisans claimed as "Őrvidék".[95]
  • The U.S. Army's Air Service tested its bombing skills on the retired battleship USS Alabama with a simulated bombing using smoke bombs and tear gas, as well as a crew of mannequins substituting for enemy sailors.[142]
  • The Council of the League of Nations presented the Hymans Commission report to the League Assembly on the recommended settlement of the dispute between Poland and Lithuania over Vilnius, which Poland's General Lucjan Zeligowski had seized in October.[95]
  • Three people were killed near Staten Island in New York when their sailboat was run over by a Cunard Line cruise ship, the RMS Caronia, which had departed New York bound for Liverpool. Harbor police concluded that the engine of the sloop John Anton had stalled as the boat was attempting to steer out of the path of the oncoming Caronia, which sliced the smaller craft in half.[143]
  • The first college football game to be held at what is now Neyland Stadium on the campus of the University of Tennessee took place at Shields-Watkins Field, with the UT Volunteers defeating Emory & Henry College, 27 to 0. The bleachers had seating for 3,200 people on opening day; 100 years later, Neyland Stadium would be able to seat more than 30 times as many people, with 102,455 seats.[144]

September 25, 1921 (Sunday)
  • Poland's President, Józef Piłsudski, narrowly escaped an assassination attempt in Lwow as Ukrainian activist Stepan Fedak fired at an open car carrying Pilsudski and Lwow Governor Kazimierz Grabowski.[95] Governor Grabowski was struck twice and a third shot struck the car windshield when Pilsudski ducked.[145]
  • The first public radio broadcast in Bulgaria was made, as the wireless telegraph station at Sofia transmitted a recording of a concert that it had received from a German radiostation at Nauen.[146]
  • Born:

September 26, 1921 (Monday)

September 27, 1921 (Tuesday)
  • For the first time in more than six years, residents of the United Kingdom were allowed to have alcoholic beverages served to them at pubs, restaurants and hotels in the evening, as restrictions issued in 1915 under the Defence of the Realm Act 1914 (known by the acronym "D.O.R.A.") were lifted. Alcohol could be served up until midnight, and patrons were allowed until 12:30 in the morning to consume their drinks.[156]
  • The first radio station in Mexico went on the air, transmitting from the Chapuletpec section of Mexico City at 20 watts of power.[157]
  • At Evere Airfield in Evere, Belgium, fire broke out in the airplane hangar leased by the Belgian airline SNETA (Syndicat national d'Etude des Transports Aériens), destroying one-third of the company's fleet (seven planes out of 21).[158][159][160]
  • The Assembly of the League of Nations voted to postpone any further discussion of disarmament for a year, and approved the attendance of its members at the upcoming Washington Disarmament Conference, in accordance with the recommendations made to the League on September 19.[95]
  • The Chicago Fire Department announced that an inspection of its records, pertaining to the Great Chicago Fire of October 8, 1871, refuted the myth regarding "Mrs. O'Leary's Cow". The popular story had been that the fire, which had started with a blaze at a barn on 137 DeKoven Street, had been caused when Mrs. Catherine O'Leary had gone into a to milk a cow on the evening of the fire and that the cow had kicked her, causing her to drop a lantern that set hay in the fire ablaze. A re-examination of the records, made in advance of observances of the 50th anniversary of the event, showed that Mrs. O'Leary had gone to bed at 8:30 that evening, one hour before the fire department had been alerted the start of a fire.[161]
  • Born: Melvin "Slappy" White, African American Vegas comedian and TV actor; in Baltimore (d. 1995) [162]
  • Died: Engelbert Humperdinck, 67, German composer[163][164]

September 28, 1921 (Wednesday)
Lt. Macready

September 29, 1921 (Thursday)
  • British Prime Minister David Lloyd George sent a new invitation to Ireland's declared President, Eamon de Valera, proposing a "fresh invitation" to negotiations and discussion of Ireland's place as a nation within the British Empire.[169] De Valera accepted the proposal the next day and agreed to meet with Lloyd George in London on October 11.[170]
  • The U.S. Committee on Unemployment Statistics reported record high unemployment in the United States.[171]
  • Baseball's New York Giants, with a 93–57 record and three games left to play, clinched the National League pennant after the second-place Pittsburgh Pirates dropped both games of a doubleheader to the third place St. Louis Cardinals, losing the first 5 to 4 and the second 3 to 1, dropping their record to 89–62 with three games left.[172] On September 16 and 17, the Giants had beaten the Pirates 5-0 and 6–1, the margin of difference when the at season's end when the Giants finished four games ahead.
  • Born:
    • Hedda Lundh, Danish journalist and teacher who served as a resistance leader against the Nazi occupation of Denmark during World War II; in Korsør (d. 2012) [173]
    • Jackie Kahane, Canadian-born American standup comedian who was the warmup act for Elvis Presley's concerts; in Montreal (d. 2001) [174]

September 30, 1921 (Friday)
  • The first League of Nations treaty to prohibit human trafficking, the International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children, was signed in Geneva.,[175] 1999)
  • The peace treaty between the United States and Germany was ratified by the German Reichstag by a voice vote after having been approved earlier by the Reichsrat.[176][177][95]
  • American arbitrator Roland Boyden of the Allied Commission on Reparations ruled that Germany's obligations under the Treaty of Versailles required that reparations payments be made under the exchange rate that had existed for the German mark and the Belgian and French francs that had existed on November 11, 1918. The decision effectively required Germany to pay an additional one billion marks worth of gold to France.[95]
  • The first population census of Poland after World War One was taken, and found that Poland had a population of 25,694,700 people, of whom 17,789,287 (or slightly less than 70%) were Polish Catholics. The remaining 30% were 3,898,428 Ruthenians (Eastern Orthodox Poles); 2,048,878 Polish Jews; 1,035,693 Belarusians and 769,392 ethnic Germans.[178]
  • Born:
  • Died: Jean-Baptiste Abel, 58, French colonial administrator and Governor-General of Algeria from 1919 to 1921 Jolly, Jean (1977). [181]

References
  1. Noreen Branson (June 1979). Poplarism, 1919-1925: George Lansbury and the councillors' revolt. Lawrence and Wishart. p. 63.
  2. The American Review of Reviews, Volume 64 (October, 1921)] pp 359-363
  3. "Fighting Continues in Mountains as Federal Troops Reach Mingo— Soldiers Arrive in Area", The New York Times, September 3, 1921, p. 1
  4. "Washington Delays Martial Law Order— Administration Hopes to Avert Extreme Step, Believing the Troops Are Sufficient", The New York Times, September 3, 1921, p. 1
  5. "League of Nations Treaty Series", vol. 7, pp. 294-301
  6. Max Robertson (28 August 1974). The encyclopedia of tennis. Viking Press. p. 195.
  7. Paul Rouse (8 October 2015). Sport and Ireland: A History. OUP Oxford. p. 241. ISBN 978-0-19-106302-2.
  8. "Henry Austin Dobson, British Poet, Dead", The New York Times, September 3, 1921, p. 7
  9. "Lucas, Anthony Francis (1855–1921)", by Robert Wooster, Handbook of Texas, Texas State Historical Association
  10. Colajanni, Napoleone, by Massimo Ganci, Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani
  11. "400 Miners Surrender with Arms as Troops Surround Fighting Area; Quick Peace in Sight in West Virginia", The New York Times, September 4, 1921, p. 1
  12. "Americans Reach Accord in Mexico on Oil Taxation", The New York Times, September 4, 1921, p. 1
  13. "Obregon Approves Oil Settlement", The New York Times, September 5, 1921, p. 1
  14. "Farne Islands". Roho Dive. Retrieved 30 October 2019.
  15. Charles M. Oliver, Ernest Hemingway A to Z: The Essential Reference to the Life and Work (Checkmark, 1999) p. 140
  16. "Sinn Fein Again Rejects British Offer; Denies That It Grants Dominion Status, But Will Confer on a Basis of 'Consent'", The New York Times, September 4, 1921, p. 1
  17. "Siamese Treaty in Force", The New York Times, September 4, 1921, p. 2
  18. Colin Goodwin. The Racing Driver's Pocket–Book. p. 9. ISBN 9781844861347.
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  20. "Rediscovering the art of Atasi Barua", The Heritage Lab
  21. "Roscoe Arbuckle Faces an Inquiry on Woman's Death— Miss Virginia Rappe Dies Following a Party in Movie Actor's Rooms", The New York Times, September 11, 1921, p. 1
  22. Janet Street-Porter (1983). Scandal!. Dell Publishing Company. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-440-58260-1.
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  29. "Ku Klux Klan Wars on Catholics, Jews; Reap Rich Returns", The New York World, September 6, 1921, p. 1
  30. Michael Newton, White Robes and Burning Crosses: A History of the Ku Klux Klan from 1866 (McFarland, 2016) pp. 44-45
  31. "Peace Portal Omen Hailed by Nations— Canadians and Americans Join in Dedicating Approach to Pacific Highway", The New York Times, September 7, 1921, p. 10
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  35. attribution: Sara Thomas
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  37. "Premier Cancels Irish Conference When De Valera Reiterates Claim of Sovereign Status for Ireland", The New York Times, September 16, 1921, p. 1
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  40. "The stranded Almanzora". The Times (42821). London. 9 September 1921. col F, p. 8.
  41. "Almanzora refloated". The Times (42825). London. 14 September 1921. col G, p. 8.
  42. "Alfred Schild of U. of Texas Dead; Advanced Many Einstein Theories", "The New York Times, May 25, 1977
  43. "Hughes, Lodge, Root, Underwood Slated As Arms Delegates", The New York Times, September 9, 1921, p. 1
  44. Aryeh Yodfat (27 April 2012). The Soviet Union and Revolutionary Iran (RLE Iran D). Taylor & Francis. p. 12. ISBN 978-1-136-83370-0.
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  57. "Major and Catastrophic Storms and Floods in Texas", United States Geological Service (USGS)
  58. "40 Known Dead, Fear 250 Perished in Flood That Sweeps San Antonio; Property Loss Is Put at $3,000,000", The New York Times, September 11, 1921, p. 1
  59. "Flood Waters Sweep Into San Antonio", The New York Times, September 10, 1921, p. 3
  60. "Find 109 More Dead in Texas Lowlands— San Antonio Dead Now 49", The New York Times, September 13, 1921, p. 3
  61. "34 Persons Drown As Crowded Bridge Falls Into River", The New York Times, September 11, 1921, p. 1
  62. "French Wreck Dead 30", The New York Times, September 12, 1921, p. 2
  63. Heinrich Harrer, The White Spider: The Story of the North Face of the Eiger (HarperCollins, 1989) p. 27
  64. "Last Bernese Height Climbed by Japanese— Yuko Mika Ascends Eiger Ridge Bared by Hot Summer— Guides Once Took Route Down", The New York Times, September 13, 1921, p. 2
  65. "Get Third Interest In Hapsburg Estate", The New York Times, September 13, 1921, p. 2
  66. "Arbuckle Is Jailed on Murder Charge in Woman's Death", The New York Times, September 12, 1921, p. 1
  67. Monthly Catalogue, United States Public Documents. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1922. p. 168.
  68. "M 7.6 - south of Java, Indonesia". United States Geological Survey. September 11, 1921. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
  69. "Significant Earthquake: INDONESIA: S OF JAVA". National Geophysical Data Center. September 11, 1921. Retrieved December 20, 2015.
  70. "Tegucigalpa New Capital— City in Honduras Is Picked for Federation of Central America", The New York Times, September 12, 1921, p. 9
  71. "Nahalal Is Founded", Center for Israel Education
  72. Kerr, Mark (1934), Prince Louis of Battenberg: Admiral of the Fleet, London: Longmans, Green and Co, pp. 290–293
  73. "Louis of Battenberg Dies Suddenly— The Marquis of Milford Haven Succumbs to Heart Attack Following Influenza", The New York Times, September 12, 1921, p. 13
  74. "Subramania Bharati — The Eternal Revolutionary", by Mira T. Sundara Rajan, The Hindu (Chennai, Tamil Nadu state, India), September 12, 2017
  75. "Moscow Soviet Declares a State of War In Bessarabia, Given Rumania by Allies", The New York Times, September 13, 1921, p. 1
  76. "The power station that electrified Jerusalem", by Rachel Neiman, ISRAEL21c magazine,, November 4, 2019
  77. The Labour Gazette. H.M. Stationery Office. 1921. p. 561.
  78. "California Poll Tax on Aliens Overruled— State Court Cites Japan Treaty and Fourteenth Amendment to Constitution", The New York Times, September 13, 1921, p. 1
  79. Tanner, Beccy (2011-05-12). "White Castle marks 90th anniversary with one-day return to Wichita". Wichita Eagle. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
  80. David Owen, Dogfight: The Supermarine Spitfire and the Messerschmitt Bf109 (Pen & Sword Books Limited, 2015) pp. 25-26
  81. "Segelflug auf dem Heidelstein" ("Glider flight on the Hedelstein"), by Marion Eckert, Rhön- und Saalepost (Bad Neustadt, Bavaria), December 6, 2018
  82. "Transmits Current of 1,000,000 Volts— General Electric Company Engineers Make a World Record In Power Distribution", The New York Times, September 14, 1921, p. 1
  83. "Mitchell Attacks Bomb Test Findings", The New York Times, September 14, 1921, p. 1
  84. F W S Craig, British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949; Political Reference Publications, Glasgow 1949
  85. Sandiford, Keith A. P. (2008). A Black Studies Primer: Heroes and Heroines of the African Diaspora (illustrated ed.). Hansib. p. 18. ISBN 9781906190064.
  86. "League of Nations Elects Full Bench of World Court", The New York Times, September 15, 1921, p. 1
  87. Richard J. Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich: A History (Penguin, 2003) p. 181
  88. "Blazing Oil Burns Ten Men to Death", The New York Times, September 15, 1921, p. 1
  89. "Honduras - List of International Matches", by Barrie Courtney, Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF.com)
  90. "Guatemala - List of International Matches", by Barrie Courtney, Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation (RSSSF.com)
  91. Sujan Singh Uban, The Gurus of India (Allied Publishing, 1993) p.65
  92. "Ruth Brooks Flippen Papers" (PDF). University of California.
  93. "'Para la historia seré un tano laburador', Página/12 newspaper (Buenos Aires), January 20, 2001
  94. "Chinese See Jokers in Shantung Offer— Say the Tokio proposals Mean Japanese Economic Control of Tsing-tao", The New York Times, September 16, 1921, p. 1
  95. The American Review of Reviews, Volume 64 (November, 1921) pp 470-474
  96. "Bhatawadekar, Daji (stage name of Krishnachandra Moreshwar, 1921– ", The Oxford Companion to Indian Theatre (Oxford University Press, 2011)
  97. Arthur Saul Super (1969). Zionist Year Book. Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland. p. 50.
  98. "Obituary – Norma MacMillan, Voice of Casper", Newsday, March 22, 2001
  99. "How bloody was the White Baron?: Critical comments on James Palmer's The Bloody White Baron, by Sergius L. Kuzmin, in Inner Asia journal, vol. 15, no. 1
  100. "The Death Ray: The Secret Life of Harry Grindell Matthews", by Jonathan Foster
  101. "Ursula Franklin", The Canadian Encyclopedia
  102. Michael John Haddrick Taylor; David Mondey (1984). Guinness Aircraft Facts & Feats. Guinness Superlatives. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-85112-406-3.
  103. "History of the League of Ireland", Soccer-Ireland.com
  104. "Shackleton Party Off for Antarctic", The New York Times, September 17, 1921, p. 4
  105. Roland Huntford, Shackleton (Hodder & Stoughton, 1985) p. 683
  106. Bjerke, T.; Holom, F. (2004). Banedata 2004. Hamar/Oslo: Norsk Jernbanemuseum & Norsk Jernbaneklubb.
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  108. David S. Woolman, Rebels in the Rif: Abd El Krim and the Rif Rebellion (Stanford University Press, 1968), p. 96
  109. Axel Chr. Mykleby. "Erik Glosimodt, Arkitekt". Norsk biografisk leksikon. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  110. Selim Omarovich Khan-Magomedov; Aleksandr Mikhaĭlovich Rodchenko (1987). Rodchenko: The Complete Work. MIT Press. p. 22.
  111. "Obituary: Lt-Gen Kamal Hassan Ali", by Adel Darwish, The Independent (London), March 29, 1993
  112. John Barwick, Australia's Worst Disasters (Heinemann Library, 1999) p. 14
  113. "Tilden and Johnson Reach Tennis Final" (PDF). The New York Times. September 17, 1921.
  114. "Tennis Finalists Battle to a Tie" (PDF). The New York Times. September 18, 1921.
  115. BostonRadio.org
  116. Moacir Gadotti (1 January 1994). Reading Paulo Freire: His Life and Work. SUNY Press. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-7914-1923-6.
  117. "Bimal Kar dead", The Telegraph (Kolkata), August 26, 2003
  118. "Albania's Demands Divide the Nations", The New York Times, September 22, 1921, p. 15
  119. "Crago, Thomas S.", in Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
  120. Freedom of Information Center Report. The School. 1968. p. 211.
  121. Brian Priestley, "Chico Hamilton: Musician", The Independent, December 1, 2013.
  122. Smith, Alfred Emanuel (5 October 1921). "The Oppau Disaster". The Outlook. 129: 162. Retrieved 2009-07-30.
  123. "1,000 to 1,500 Perish As Blast Wrecks German Dye Plant", The New York Times, September 22, 1921, p. 1
  124. "Origins of Unesco 1921 — 1944", in A Chronology of UNESCO, 1945-1987 (United Nations, 1987) pp. 1-3
  125. "Another Road to Rome (Jalan Lain Ke Roma)", by Idrus, with Mark Cammack, Indonesia journal (October 1982), Cornell University Press
  126. Norman L. R. Franks and Frank W. Bailey, Over the Front: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the United States and French Air Services, 1914–1918 (Grub Street, 1992) p. 193
  127. "Gandhi's deliberations climaxed in Madurai", by S. Annamalai, The Hindu (Chennai), September 22, 2014
  128. "Steamer sunk off Dover". The Times (42834). London. 24 September 1921. col C, p. 5.
  129. "Captain's fight for son's life". The Times (42835). London. 26 September 1921. col E, p. 7.
  130. "Second Woman Is Elected To the House of Commons", The New York Times, September 24, 1921, p. 1
  131. British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, FWS Craig
  132. "Vazov, Ivan (1850—1921)", in Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria, by Raymond Detrez (Rowman & Littlefield, 2014) pp.514-515
  133. Ian Fitzherbert Despard Morrow (1936). The Peace Settlement in the German Polish Borderlands: A Study of Conditions To-day in the Pre-war Prussian Provinces of East and West Prussia. Oxford University Press, H. Milford. p. 135.
  134. "Indians Defeated by Yanks, 4 to 2", The New York Times, September 24, 1921, p. 12
  135. "Yanks Massacre Indians, 21 to 7", The New York Times, September 26, 1921, p. 19
  136. "Great Ruth Leads Yanks to Victory— Babe's Titanic Hitting Costs Cleveland Most Important Game of Season", The New York Times, September 27, 1921, p. 29
  137. "Johnny Buff Now Bantam King", Shreveport (La.) Times, September 24, 1921, p. 8
  138. "Joe Hill Louis", biography in AllMusic.com
  139. "Death of Bernard de Romanet", Flight magazine, September 29, 1921, p. 651, reprinted by This Day in Aviation, September 23, 2020
  140. "French Flying Star Is Killed in Crash— Capt. de Romanet, Holder of Speed Record, Falls 650 Feet in Races at Etampes", The New York Times, September 24, 1921, p. 3
  141. "Fires at Andrassy and Dr. Rakovsky in Magyar Chamber— Ex-Officer in Gallery Tries to Kill Him and Ex-President of Parliament", The New York Times, September 26, 1921, p. 1
  142. "Army Bomb Planes Riddle Battleship", The New York Times, September 25, 1921, p. 1
  143. "Caronia Hits Sloop; Crew of 3 Drown", The New York Times, September 25, 1921, p. 1
  144. "Shields-Watkins Football Field Completed", UT-Knoxville History
  145. "25 IX 1921: Kula w rękawie" ("September 25, 1921: a Bullet in the Sleeve"), by Wlodzimierz Kalicki, Gazeta Wyborcza (Electoral Gazette, Warsaw), September 26, 2005.
  146. Bulgarian Quarterly. Friends of Bulgaria Art Culture Humanities & Science Foundation. 1992. p. 194.
  147. "Robert Muldoon Official Biography". Archives New Zealand. 26 May 2011. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  148. "Andy Albeck dies at 89; former head of United Artists", by Dennis McLellan, Los Angeles Times, October 8, 2010
  149. "Cuban Intellectual Cintio Vitier Passes Away at 88", Latin American Herald Tribune, October 3, 2009
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  151. Jon Pierre, The Oxford Handbook of Swedish Politics (Oxford University Press, 2016) p. 232
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  153. "President Opens Conference to Aid the Unemployed", The New York Times, September 27, 1921, p. 1
  154. "Mervyn Susser, 92, Dies; Studied Illness and Society", by William Yardley, The New York Times, August 26, 2014
  155. Adenekan, Shola (11 November 2007). "Obituary: Cyprian Ekwensi". The New Black Magazine online. Retrieved 21 November 2007.
  156. "London Rejoices at Return Of Midnight Drinking Limit", The New York Times, September 28, 1921, p. 1
  157. Arturo Merayo Pérez, La radio en Iberoamérica: evolución, diagnóstico, prospectiva (Comunicacion Social, 2007) p. 246
  158. Graham M. Simons, De Havilland Enterprises: A History (Casemate Publishers, 2017)
  159. Aviation Safety Network Accident Description
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  161. "Exonerate O'Leary Cow— Chicago Fire Records Show She Was Not Cause of Conflagration", The New York Times, September 28, 1921, p. 1
  162. "Slappy White, 74, Who Brought Black Humor Into White Clubs", The New York Times, November 9, 1995, p. B-17
  163. David Mason Greene; Constance Green (1985). Greene's Biographical Encyclopedia of Composers. Reproducing Piano Roll Fnd. p. 824. ISBN 978-0-385-14278-6.
  164. "Prof. Humperdinck, Composer, Dies at 67", The New York Times, September 29, 1921, p. 13
  165. "Lieut. Macready Sets New Altitude Record By Flight of 40,800 Feet at Dayton Field", The New York Times, September 29, 1921, p. 1
  166. "The Story of Subedar Joginder Singh", by Maninder Dabas, The Indian Express (Mumbai), July 6, 2017
  167. Jules Gesztesi, Pauline Metternich. Ambassadrice aux Tuileries, Paris 1947.
  168. Encyclopaedia Britannica: A New Survey of Universal Knowledge. Encyclopaedia Britannica. 1962. p. 155.
  169. "Premier Invites Irish to Parley in London Oct. 11", The New York Times, September 30, 1921, p. 1
  170. "De Valera Agrees to London Parley", The New York Times, October 1, 1921, p. 1
  171. "Adopts Program for Quick Relief of Unemployed", The New York Times, October 1, 1921, p. 1
  172. "Giants Clinch Flag After Game Fight", The New York Times, September 30, 1921, p. 22
  173. "Hedda Hedvig Lundh: Dansk lektor og modstandskvinde", Gravsted.dk
  174. "Jackie Kahane (1921–2001)", Internet Movie Database
  175. Nitza Berkovitch, From Motherhood to Citizenship: Women's Rights and International Organizations (Johns Hopkins University Press
  176. "Reichstag Ratifies the American Treaty", The New York Times, October 1, 1921, p. 1
  177. Woman's Journal. IPC Magazines. 1921. p. 6.
  178. Pierwszy Powszechny Spis Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, z dnia 30 Wrzesnia 1921 Roku (First Census of the Republic of Poland, on September 30, 1921)
  179. "Kerr, Deborah", in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 2005-2008 (Oxford University Press, 2008) p. 642
  180. "A Creative Marine – Corporal Tony Stein, U.S. Marine Corps, WW II, Medal of Honor (1921-1945)", by Duane A. Vachon, Hawaii Reporter, February 3, 2013
  181. "Abel, Jean-Baptiste", Dictionnaire des parlementaires français de 1889 à 1940, ed. by Jean Jolly
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