Orodrominae

Orodrominae is a subfamily of parksosaurid dinosaurs known from the Cretaceous of North America and Asia.[2]

Orodromines
Temporal range: Cretaceous, 113–75 Ma
Reconstruction of the type species, Orodromeus makelai
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Order: †Ornithischia
Family: †Parksosauridae
Subfamily: †Orodrominae
Brown et al, 2013
Type species
†Orodromeus makelai
Horner & Weishampel, 1988
Genera

Distribution

Orodromines were a mostly North American based group with fossils from Canada and United States only.[2] Albertadromeus, as its name suggests, is only from the upper (later) part of the Oldman Formation in the Belly River Group of Alberta, Canada.[3][4] Orodromeus, the type genus, was widespread through Montana.[2] Its holotype was found at the Egg Mountain in the Two Medicine Formation.[5] Oryctodromeus fossils were found in the Lima Peaks section of the Blackleaf Formation, also from Montana.[2][6] Zephyrosaurus, the most widespread genus, lived in southern Montana and northern Wyoming.[2][7] The locality of its holotype is the Wolf Creek Canyon, which is a sandstone in the Cloverly Formation.[8]

Age

Orodromines are widespread throughout time, starting in the Aptian and ending in the Campanian. The earliest fossils are of Zephyrosaurus and are from the Aptian (113 Ma).[7][8] After a 13 million year gap in the fossil record, fossils of the less common Oryctodromeus date to about 95 Ma in the Cenomanian.[6] The next chronological fossils are from 76.5 Ma and belong to Albertadromeus.[3][4] The latest orodromine fossils in the fossil record belong to the type genus, Orodromeus, and date to 75 Ma.[5]

Paleoecology
An illustration of Oryctodromeus burrowing

All orodromines lived the lifestyle of a ground dwelling herbivore. Oryctodromeus burrows have been discovered. Orodromeus and Zephyrosaurus also probably lived in burrows.[2]

Classification

Orodrominae is the sister taxon of Thescelosaurinae. Its parent taxon is Thescelosauridae (Brown et al, 2013).[2]

Phylogeny

Prior to the description of Orodrominae, the genera now assigned to the subfamily were often considered part of Hypsilophodontidae. Hypsilophodontidae is now considered obsolete, and its former members have been considered to form a paraphyletic assemblage of basal euornithopods.[9] The cladogram below is based on a phylogenetic analysis by Brown et al., 2013.[3]

Thescelosauridae
Orodrominae
 
 

TMP 2008.045.0002

 
 

Oryctodromeus

 
 
 
 

Albertadromeus

 
 

Orodromeus

 
 

Zephyrosaurus

 
 
 
Thescelosaurinae
 

Parksosaurus

 
 
 

Changchunsaurus

 
 

Jeholosaurus

 
 

Haya

 
 

Thescelosaurus

 
 
 
 

References
  1. Madzia, Daniel; Boyd, Clint A.; Mazuch, Martin (2017). "A basal ornithopod dinosaur from the Cenomanian of the Czech Republic". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. doi:10.1080/14772019.2017.1371258.
  2. "Orodrominae". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  3. Brown, C. M.; Evans, D. C.; Ryan, M. J.; Russell, A. P. (2013). "New data on the diversity and abundance of small-bodied ornithopods (Dinosauria, Ornithischia) from the Belly River Group (Campanian) of Alberta". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (3): 495. doi:10.1080/02724634.2013.746229.
  4. "Albertadromeus". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  5. "Orodromeus". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  6. "Oryctodromeus". Palaobiology Database. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  7. "Zephyrosaurus". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  8. "Zephyrosaurus species". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 20 June 2013.
  9. Horner, J. and Weishampel, D. (1988), "Acomparative embryological study of two ornithischian dinosaurs". Nature (London), 332(No. 6161): 256-257 (1988)
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