Pool Malebo

The Pool Malebo, formerly Stanley Pool, also known as Mpumbu, Lake Nkunda or Lake Nkuna by local indigenous people in pre-colonial times,[1][2] is a lake-like widening in the lower reaches of the Congo River.[3] The river serves as the border between the Republic of the Congo on the north and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the south.

Pool Malebo
Satellite image of the Pool Malebo; the capital cities of Brazzaville, ROC and Kinshasa, DRC are indicated.
Pool Malebo
Pool Malebo
Coordinates4°16′55″S 15°29′19″E
Lake typeFluvial
Primary inflowsCongo River
Primary outflowsCongo River
Surface elevation900 ft (270 m)
IslandsMbamu
SettlementsBrazzaville, Kinshasa

The pool's former name was in honor of the early English explorer and journalist Henry Morton Stanley, who mapped this area.

History

In the late 19th century, English colonists named this natural feature Stanley Pool, after English explorer and journalist Henry Morton Stanley, who had mapped and reported on this region. When a railway was constructed nearby, a plaque was installed at Palaba to commemorate the rail line connecting Matadi to Stanley Pool.[4]

Description
Map of Stanley Pool

The Pool Malebo is about 35 km (22 mi) long, 23 km (14 mi) wide and 500 km2 in surface area. Its central part is occupied by M'Bamou or Bamu Island[3] (180 km2), which is Republic of the Congo territory.

The pool is shallow with depths of 3–10 m. But water levels may vary by as much as 3 m over the course of a year, because of seasonal flooding. The altitude here is an average of 272 m (900 ft).

Geography

The capitals of the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo —Brazzaville and Kinshasa, respectively— are located on opposite shores of the southern part of Pool Malebo. These two capital cities are the closest geographically of any in the world (other than the contiguous Rome, Italy and Vatican City).

The Pool is the beginning of the navigable part of the Congo River upstream to the cities of Mbandaka, Kisangani and Bangui. Downstream, navigation of the river is blocked by its descent through hundreds of meters in a series of rapids known as the Livingstone Falls.[5]:Vol.Two,255 The river reaches sea level at the port of Boma, Congo, after a passage of 300 km.

Ecology

Flora

There are many palm and papyrus swamps along the edges of the river and pool. Floating mats of Eichhornia plants move on the river and drift through the pool.[6]

Fish

Most fish endemic to the area are catfishes, including the mountain catfish, L. brieni, Leptoglanis mandevillei, L. bouilloni and Atopochilus chabanaudi, an upside-down catfish.[6] More than 200 fish species have been documented. Mormyrids are the most common, with over 40 species, and have the highest diversification.[6]

  • Aerial view of Pool Malebo from above Kinshasa
  • Stanley's route is depicted by the solid black line.
  • View of Stanley Pool from Leopoldville, 1889 (now Kinshasa)

See also

References
  1. William Graham Lister Randles, L’ancien royaume du Congo des origines à la fin du XIXe siècle, Éditions de l’École des hautes études en sciences sociales, 2013, p. 44
  2. Sylvie Ayimpam, Vie matérielle, échanges et capitalisme sur la rive méridionale du Pool du fleuve Congo (1815-1930), Centre d’Étude des Mondes Africains (CEMAf), 2006, p. 4
  3. "Malebo Pool". Encyclopædia Britannica. Accessed June 2011.
  4. "Kongo Central province (Democratic Republic of the Congo), plaque at Palabala commemorating the railway". collections.lib.uwm.edu.
  5. Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN 0486256677, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685
  6. "Malebo Pool" Archived 2011-10-05 at the Wayback Machine. "Freshwater Ecoregions of the World". The Nature Conservancy. Accessed June 2011.


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