Port Vila
Port Vila (French: Port-Vila), or simply Vila (English: /ˈviːlə/; French: Vila; Bislama: Vila [viˈla]), is the capital and largest city of Vanuatu and is on the island of Efate.
Port Vila
Vila | |
|---|---|
Capital City | |
 Aerial view of central Port Vila | |
 Flag | |
  Port Vila Location in Vanuatu | |
| Coordinates: 17°44′S 168°19′E | |
| Country |  Vanuatu |
| Province | Shefa Province |
| Island | Efate |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Erick Puyo Festa |
| Area | |
| • Total | 23.6 km2 (9.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 59 m (194 ft) |
| Population (2016 census) | |
| • Total | 51,437 |
| • Density | 2,200/km2 (5,600/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+11 (VUT) |
Its population in the last census (2009) was 44,040,[1] an increase of 35% on the previous census result (29,356 in 1999). In 2009, the population of Port Vila formed 18.8% of the country's population, and 66.9% of the population of Efate.
On the south coast of the island of Efate, in Shefa Province, Port Vila is the economic and commercial centre of Vanuatu. The mayor is Erick Puyo Festa, of the Vanua'aku Pati, elected in January 2018; his deputy is Jenny Regenvanu, of the Graun mo Jastis Pati.[2]
On 13 March 2015, Port Vila bore extensive damage from Cyclone Pam.[3]
Name
Locally the town is most commonly referred to simply as "Vila", whether in French or Bislama [viˈla] or in English /ˈviːlə/ VEE-lə (not like English "villa").
The name of the area is Efil in the native South Efate language and Ifira in neighbouring Mele-Fila language. Vila is a variant of these names. Ifira is a small island in Vila harbour where many of the area's traditional landowners reside.
History
The area occupied by Port Vila has been inhabited by Melanesian people for thousands of years. In Autumn of 2004, an archaeological expedition known as Teouma discovered a burial site of 25 tombs containing three dozen skeletons of members of the Lapita culture. Pieces of ceramics found at the site were dated to the 13th century BC.
In May 1606, the first Europeans arrived at the island, led by the Portuguese explorers Pedro Fernandes de Queirós and Luis Vaz de Torres.[4] In the 19th century when the islands were known as the New Hebrides, the British possessed economic control of the zone, though by the end of 1880, the economic balance began to favour the French; this transition can be seen in its nickel mines of New Caledonia and plantations. French citizen Ferdinand Chevillard began buying and clearing land around Port Vila to be converted into the largest French plantation on the island. Instead, it was converted into the municipality of Franceville, which declared independence on 9 August 1889, though this only lasted until June of the following year.
It was the first self-governing nation to practice universal suffrage without distinction of sex or race. Although the population at the time consisted of about 500 native islanders and fewer than fifty whites, only the latter were permitted to hold office. One of the elected presidents was a US citizen by birth, R. D. Polk, a relative of American president James K. Polk.[5]
After 1887, the territory was jointly administered by the French and the British. This was formalized in 1906 as an Anglo-French Condominium. During World War II, Port Vila was an American and Australian airbase.
In 1987, Cyclone Uma severely damaged the city. A powerful earthquake in January 2002 caused minor damage in the capital and surrounding areas. The city suffered massive damage from a category 5 cyclone named Cyclone Pam in March 2015, whose eye wall passed just to the east of Port Vila.
Geography
Climate
Port Vila has a tropical climate, more specifically a tropical rainforest climate, with noticeably wetter and drier months. As the trade winds are almost permanent and cyclones are not rare in Port Vila, the climate is not equatorial but maritime trade-wind tropical climate.[6] Rainfall averages about 2,338.9 millimetres (92.08 in.) per year, and the wettest month is March. The driest month is September. There are 113 wet days in an average year. The area also has south-east trade winds. Temperatures do not vary very much at all throughout the year, and the record high is 35.6 C (96.1 F). The coldest month, July, has an average high of 27 C (80.6 F), and an average low of 18 C (64.4 F). The hottest month, February, has an average high of 31.2 C (88.2 F) and an average low of 23 C (73.4 F). The record low for Port Vila is 8.5 C (47.3 F). Humidity is often high.
| Climate data for Port Vila, Vanuatu (Bauerfield International Airport) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.0 (95.0) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.5 (92.3) |
32.5 (90.5) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.3 (93.7) |
32.0 (89.6) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.0 (91.4) |
35.6 (96.1) |
35.6 (96.1) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 31.3 (88.3) |
31.2 (88.2) |
30.8 (87.4) |
29.9 (85.8) |
28.8 (83.8) |
27.4 (81.3) |
26.4 (79.5) |
27.0 (80.6) |
27.7 (81.9) |
28.5 (83.3) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.7 (87.3) |
29.1 (84.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.4 (79.5) |
26.5 (79.7) |
26.3 (79.3) |
25.3 (77.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.1 (71.8) |
22.0 (71.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
23.4 (74.1) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.7 (78.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 22.5 (72.5) |
23.0 (73.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.0 (71.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.0 (64.4) |
18.4 (65.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
20.7 (69.3) |
21.7 (71.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 15.8 (60.4) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.3 (61.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.4 (56.1) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.5 (47.3) |
10.0 (50.0) |
9.9 (49.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
15.2 (59.4) |
8.5 (47.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 316.1 (12.44) |
273.7 (10.78) |
320.9 (12.63) |
255.2 (10.05) |
210.3 (8.28) |
180.0 (7.09) |
94.4 (3.72) |
87.4 (3.44) |
87.3 (3.44) |
134.1 (5.28) |
192.3 (7.57) |
187.2 (7.37) |
2,338.9 (92.08) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 15.4 | 16.6 | 18.5 | 17.1 | 12.9 | 11.3 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 153.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 85 | 85 | 83 | 82 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 220.1 | 155.4 | 198.4 | 165.0 | 170.5 | 162.0 | 148.8 | 167.4 | 174.0 | 198.4 | 180.0 | 195.3 | 2,135.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 7.1 | 5.5 | 6.4 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 6.0 | 6.3 | 5.8 |
| Source: Deutscher Wetterdienst[7] | |||||||||||||
Economy and transport
Port Vila is Vanuatu's most important harbour and the center of the country's trade. The international airport, Bauerfield International (VLI) is also located in the city. Air Vanuatu has its head office in Vanuatu House in Port Vila.[8]
Major industries in the city remain agriculture and fishing. Tourism is also becoming important, especially from Australia and New Zealand. There were over 50,000 visitors in 1997.
Vanuatu is a tax haven, and offshore financing in Port Vila is an important part of the economy.
Vanuatu is still dependent on foreign aid, most of which comes from Australia and New Zealand, although in recent years aid has also come from the People's Republic of China. One example was New Zealand paying to train doctors selected from the local community, then paying part of their wages during the first year after qualification. Australia has paid consultants to work in Port Vila Central Hospital.
35.7% of exports leave from Port Vila and 86.9% of imports arrive in Port Vila.
Population
Demographics
The population is around 45,000; predominately Melanesian, with small Polynesian, Asian, Australian and European populations, mainly French and British.
Languages
Port Vila is home to many languages, reflecting the country's high linguistic diversity.
The day-to-day lingua franca in the capital city is Bislama. In addition, English and French are also widespread.
Among Vanuatu's 100 indigenous languages, many are spoken in the capital, as people from rural areas come to live in the city, either temporarily or permanently.
Religion
Christianity is the predominant religion across Vanuatu, followed by more than 90% of the population. The largest denomination is the Presbyterian Church in Vanuatu, followed by one third of the population. Roman Catholicism and the Church of Melanesia are also common, each about 15%. Cathédrale du Sacré-Cœur is a modern Roman Catholic cathedral in Port Vila. The seat of the Diocese of Port Vila,[9] the church is dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus.[10]On October 5th, 2020, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints announced plans to construct a temple in the city.
Culture and education
Highlights of the city
The capital of Vanuatu has various sights to offer. There are several memorials, e.g. opposite the Parliament where two traditional totem poles and a monument representing a pig's tusk can be seen. The Presbyterian Church of Port Vila is an impressive and sightworthy building opposite the Independence Park. A colourful wall painting can be seen on the administration building opposite the market hall. Another noteworthy wall painting is on the façade of the post office. The City Hall of Port Vila is an oblong and sightworthy building on a hill in the city centre.
- Cityscape
Presbyterian Church
Wall painting opposite the market
Vanuatu Parliament
Memorial opposite the Parliament building
Port Vila market
Port Vila post office. The building once marked the unofficial demarcation between the two sectors of Port Vila, the British Paddock to the south and the Quartier français to the north
Port Vila natural harbour as viewed from town looking out at sea with Iririki Island to the left
City Hall, Port Vila
Vanuatu Cultural Centre
The Vanuatu Cultural Centre, hosting the Vanuatu National Museum, is located at the Saralana Park in front of the national parliament, close to the National Library and the Malvatumauri (Vanuatu National Council of Chiefs). This institution is an important place for the preservation and promotion of the different aspects of the local culture. Traditional artifacts from several islands are on display in the museum. The centre host also the National Audiovisual Archives which is the most important fund of documents from the late 19th century until today.
World Heritage
Port Vila was the location in August 1999 for the ”2nd World Heritage Global Strategy Meeting for the Pacific Islands Region" held by UNESCO. One of the major topics related to Vanuatu and the Pacific region was the question of the suitability of underwater heritage for inscription on the World Heritage List.[11]
Education
Port Vila is one location of the University of the South Pacific, an educational institution co-owned by twelve Pacific countries. The Vanuatu campus is the only law school in the university, and it also teaches languages.
Upper secondary (sixth form/senior high school) institutions include:
- Port Vila International School
- Central Secondary School
- Epauto Adventist Senior Secondary School
- Lycee de Montmartre
- Lycée Français J. M. G. Le Clézio (French international school)
- Malapoa College (Formerly known as British Secondary School)
- Onesua Presbyterian College
- NTCU Port Vila Christian College
Junior secondary (seventh form to tenth form) institutions include:
- Port Vila International School
- Central Secondary School
- Malapoa College (Formerly known as British Secondary School)
- NTCU Port Vila Christian College
- Seaside Community Secondary School
- Sorovanga Self-Support Community School
- Suango Mele Junior Secondary School
- Ulei Junior Secondary School
- Vila North Secondary School
Institutions
Municipality
The municipality of Port Vila is divided into four wards and administered by a council consisting of 14 members. The four wards are:
- Malapoa-Tagabe: Western and far northern neighborhoods
- Anabrou-Melcofe-Tassiriki: Northern and eastern neighborhoods
- Centre: Nambawan and Seaside neighborhoods
- South: Nambatu, Nambatri, and Elluk neighborhoods
Malapoa-Tagabe and South are allotted three representatives each to the council while Anabrou-Melcofe-Tassiriki and Centre have four.[12]
The municipality handles primary education, primary health care, regional planning, road maintenance and construction, trash collection, cemeteries, parks and open spaces and the promotion of tourism.
There are also unplanned settlements such as Blacksands which are effectively suburbs of Vila but are outside the municipality. Living conditions in some of these neighbourhoods are very poor, and lack of service provision and insecure land tenure are major problems.[13]
Constituency
Port Vila is one of the eighteen constituencies in Vanuatu, and elects six Members of Parliament. Following the 2016 general election, its representatives are:[14]
| Member | Party |
|---|---|
| Kenneth Natapei | Vanua'aku Pati |
| Alatoi Ishmael Kalsakau | Union of Moderate Parties |
| Jean Pierre Nirua | Independent |
| Kalo Seule | Green Confederation |
| Ephraim Kalsakau | Independent |
| Ulrich Sumptoh | Union of Moderate Parties |
Twin towns – sister cities
Port Vila is twinned with:
References
- Vanuatu National Statistics Office 2009, The 2009 Vanuatu National Population And Housing Census, Government of Vanuatu, Port Vila.
- "Puyo-Festa New mayor for Port Vila", Loop Pacific, 27 March 2020
- Andrew Freedman (13 March 2015). "Monstrous Category 5 cyclone makes direct hit on tiny Vanuatu". Mashable.
- Hence the Portuguese name "vila" which designates a small urban settlement in opposition to its rural context
- "Wee, Small Republics: A Few Examples of Popular Government," Hawaiian Gazette, 1 Nov 1895, p. 1
- "Climatologie" by Pierre Estienne and Alain Godard, Éditions Armand Colin (ISBN 2-200-31042-0) , "CHAPITRE XVI 1. Les climats équatoriaux et subéquatoriaux 2. Les climats tropicaux 3. Les climats d'alizé 4. Les climats de montagne LES CLIMATS DE LA ZONE INTERTROPICALE : LES VARIÉTÉS", pages 314, 315 and 322.
- "Klimatafel von Vila (Int. Flugh.) / Insel Efaté / Vanuatu (Neue Hebriden)" (PDF). Baseline climate means (1961-1990) from stations all over the world (in German). Deutscher Wetterdienst. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2017. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- "Contact Us." Air Vanuatu. Retrieved 22 June 2010.
- "Cathédrale du Sacré-Coeur". GCatholic.org. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
- Les Missions catholiques (in French). 1938. p. 294.
- "Second World Heritage Global Strategy Meeting for the Pacific, Port Vila (Vanuatu) 24-27 August 1999".
- "1. Composition of Port Vila Municipal Council".
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 September 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Members of the 11th Legislature of Parliament" Archived 29 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine, Parliament of Vanuatu
- "Sister cities between Borabora and Port Vila". Daily Post. 11 May 2019. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- "New Caledonia Enhances Ties With Vanuatu Capital City". pireport.org. Pacific Islands Report. 13 March 2017. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- "Foshan doctors here to treat children". sista.com.vu. Sista. 10 January 2020. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- "Mayor Sumptoh to renew 22-year-old relations with Shanghai". Daily Post. 15 October 2016. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- "银川市友好城市及交流合作情况". yinchuan.gov.cn (in Chinese). Yinchuan. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
