Proterra (bus manufacturer)

Proterra is an American automotive and energy storage company based in Burlingame, California. The company designs and manufactures electric transit buses and electric charging systems. Proterra's Catalyst series includes transit buses ranging from 35 feet (11 m) to 40 feet (12 m) in length and various battery configurations. Buses are charged through an overhead charging station that is placed at maintenance facilities as well as route terminals.

Proterra
TypePrivate
IndustryAutomotive
Founded2004 (2004) in Golden, Colorado
HeadquartersBurlingame, California
Area served
North America
Key people
Jack Allen (CEO)
Amy Ard (CFO)
Ryan Popple (Executive Director)
Number of employees
433 (2019)[1]
Websitewww.proterra.com

History

Proterra, Inc., was founded in Golden, Colorado, by Dale Hill in 2004. Hill had previously founded TransTeq, a Denver, Colorado, bus manufacturing company that built CNG hybrid buses throughout the 1990s, as well as Alumatech, a manufacturing company that made aluminum dump trailers.

Following the Federal Transit Administration (FTA)'s push for alternative fuels and forms of mobility through such programs as the Clean Fuels Grant Program Bus and Bus Facilities,[2] and the TIGER and TIGGER programs, Hill wanted go beyond the success of his CNG buses that launched the world's first fleet of alternative fuel buses at the 16th Street Mall in Denver, Colorado. He wanted to create a company that would take the lead in creating zero-emission, U.S.-based transit buses.

This was particularly important since many of the programs, including the Clean Fuels Grant Program[3] and the TIGGER[4] program, either exclude CNG buses and facilities, explicitly require capital investments that assist in reducing the energy consumption of a transit agency, and/or reduce greenhouse gas emissions of a transit agency.

In February 2010, Proterra announced that it would move its manufacturing plant from Golden, Colorado to Greenville, South Carolina due to its close proximity to Clemson University International Center for Automotive Research (CU-ICAR).[5] In October 2011, the company announced it would consolidate all operations in Greenville, moving management and research teams from Colorado.[6]

Ryan Popple, formerly of Tesla Motors, was appointed CEO in 2014.[7]

In 2015, Proterra was awarded a $3 million grant from the California Energy Commission to fund the design, development and construction of the company's battery-electric transit bus manufacturing line in the City of Industry, California.

Proterra moved its headquarters from Greenville, South Carolina, to Burlingame, California, in October 2015.[8]

As of January 2017, the company has sold more than 375 buses to municipal, corporate and university transit agencies in 20 states.

In September 2018, Daimler, the former parent company of Orion Bus Industries, invested $155 million in Proterra.[9][10]

In January 2021 the company announced that it will be publicly listed on the NASDAQ after an upcoming reverse merger with special purpose acquisition company, ArcLight Clean Transition Corp (NASDAQ:ACTC). The combined company will have an estimated value of $1.6 billion USD.[11]

Defects

An entire fleet of 25 Proterra buses, reportedly the third largest electric bus fleet in the United States, were pulled from service in Philadelphia in February 2020 after the SEPTA transit agency discovered the buses' plastic chassis exhibited defects, according to sources at SEPTA, reported in the Philadelphia Tribune. This is the third systemic fleet maintenance issue uncovered by a PlanPhilly inquiry in less than a year.[12]

Products

EcoRide BE35
TARC Proterra EcoRide docked in overhead charger (2015)
Main article: Proterra EcoRide

The Proterra EcoRide was the first battery-electric bus offered by Proterra, first shown as a prototype at the 2008 APTA Expo in San Diego with a 35 ft (11 m) long composite body and range-extending hydrogen fuel cell auxiliary power unit (APU).[13]:34 The first EcoRide BE35 which omitted the APU toured several cities in California in 2009.[14] EcoRide was offered only with a lithium-titanate battery chemistry, which enabled fast on-route charging, but with limited range.[15] Foothill Transit was the lead operator, accepting delivery of several EcoRide BE35 buses in 2010.[16]

The EcoRide was replaced by the larger Catalyst in 2014.

Catalyst
Proterra Catalyst docked in overhead charging station at King County Metro Transit's Eastgate Park and Ride
Main article: Proterra Catalyst

The Proterra Catalyst was an evolution of the EcoRide, initially available as a standard 40-foot (12 m) transit bus length in 2014 with the same fast-charging battery as the EcoRide and a similar composite chassis.[17] A 35-foot (11 m) Catalyst was introduced in 2015 to directly replace the earlier EcoRide; that year, Proterra also introduced the eXtended Range (XR) battery option with slower charging, but greater capacity and range.[18] The Catalyst's battery packs are carried underneath the floor and are modular, so operators could switch between different battery options depending on the required route and cycle. In 2016, Proterra introduced the Energy Efficient (E2) battery family with the slowest charging and greatest range;[19] a second drivetrain option featuring two traction motors for greater efficiency (branded DuoPower) was introduced in 2017.[20]

In 2018, Proterra discontinued its proprietary overhead "blade" charger and began offering SAE J3105-compliant overhead top-down or bus-up charging options.[21] The Catalyst was replaced by the ZX5 line in 2020.

ZX5
Proterra ZX5
ZX5 40'
Overview
ManufacturerProterra, Inc.
Production2020-
Body and chassis
ClassTransit bus
LayoutRR
Powertrain
Electric motor
TransmissionEaton EEV-7202
Dimensions
Wheelbase
    • 296 in (7.5 m) (40-ft)[22]
    • 243 in (6.2 m) (35-ft)[23]
Length
    • 42 ft 6 in (12.95 m) (40-ft)[22]
    • 36 ft 11 in (11.25 m) (35-ft)[23]
Width102 in (2.59 m)
Height128 in (3.25 m)
Curb weight
    • 26,649 to 33,350 lb (12,088 to 15,127 kg) (40-ft)[22]
    • 26,358 to 29,858 lb (11,956 to 13,543 kg) (35-ft)[23]
Chronology
PredecessorProterra Catalyst

On September 15, 2020, Proterra announced the replacement to the Catalyst, the ZX5, available in 40 and 35 ft (12 and 11 m) nominal lengths. Edmonton Transit System of Edmonton, Alberta was the launch customer for the 40-foot ZX5.

Design updates

The ZX5 features the same fibreglass and balsa wood body structure as the Catalyst, but incorporate design changes to both increase battery capacity and standardization with electric vehicle charging protocols. The overall appearance of the vehicle is more angular, while the roof fairing is more streamlined with provisions for roof-mounted battery packs, as well as integrated SAE J3105 (OppCharge) roof charger rails. While the 40-foot model has the J3105 rails as standard equipment, the 35-foot model offers these as an option.[22][23] The redesigned roof fairing has also decreased overall height by 6 inches (150 mm). One J1772 CCS plug-in charge port is standard at the rear curbside corner, and an additional optional J1772 CCS port can be added either at the front curbside or rear streetside corner.[22][23]

Like the Catalyst, the ZX5 is offered with multiple battery options, designated ZX5, ZX5+, and ZX5MAX for the 220, 440, and 660 kW-hr models, respectively. Each of the three battery options is also offered with one of two drivetrains, which Proterra brands DuoPower or ProDrive.[22][23] The standard ZX5 model, with a 220 kWh energy storage system (corresponding to the previous Catalyst XR model), can travel up to 201 or 193 km (125 or 120 mi) (for the 35 ft or 40 ft models, respectively) on a single charge, depending on the configuration of the vehicle. The ZX5+ model with 440 kWh (corresponding to the Catalyst E2 model) can travel up to 386 or 373 km (240 or 232 mi) (35 ft or 40 ft) on a single charge. The ZX5MAX is the longest-range option available. With 660 kWh, the ZX5MAX can travel up to 529 km (329 mi) on a single charge. The ZX5MAX battery option is only available for the 40-foot length ZX5.

DuoPower models use two independent 205 kW (275 hp) motors, operating at a claimed equivalent efficiency between 13.9 to 25.1 mpg‑US (16.9 to 9.4 L/100 km), depending on the battery and body length. ProDrive models use a single 250 kW (340 hp) motor, with slightly lower equivalent efficiency ranging from 13.5 to 23.5 mpg‑US (17.4 to 10.0 L/100 km).[22][23] Curb weights range between 26,358 to 29,858 lb (11,956 to 13,543 kg) for the 35-foot models and between 26,649 to 33,350 lb (12,088 to 15,127 kg) for 40-foot models, with ProDrive models being approximately 200 lb (91 kg) heavier than their DuoPower equivalents.[22][23]

Charging

The ZX5 can be charged using the SAE J3105 (OppCharge) overhead pantograph charging protocol, or with a SAE J1772 CCS charger in the depot. The ZX5 with any battery option can be fully charged in around 2.9 hours using the OppCharge overhead charging system, which offers a maximum charging rate of 330 kW.[23][22] Utilizing plug-in charging, the standard ZX5 takes around 2.9 hours to be fully charged, while the ZX5MAX takes around 4.7 hours to be fully charged at a more limited rate of 132 kW, assuming a 200 A DC power supply.[24][25][26]

Others

Proterra partnered with Van Hool to build that firm's first all-electric coach for North America.[27] The Van Hool CX45E was announced in October 2017, to be available in 2019; it would be followed by a shorter CX35E model. Both of the Van Hool coaches were powered by the Proterra Catalyst E2 battery.[28] A prototype CX45E was exhibited at Busworld Kortrijk in October 2019, the only North American coach shown at the European show.[29]

In July 2018, Foothill Transit announced they had ordered two Alexander Dennis Enviro500EV double-decker buses with powertrains built by Proterra.[30] The Enviro500EV will use Proterra Catalyst E2 battery packs, on-board charging hardware, and thermal management.[31]

In October 2018, Proterra announced they had partnered with Thomas Built Buses to build an electric school bus, the Saf-T-Liner C2 Jouley (initially known as the Saf-T-Liner eC2).[32][27] The Jouley is equipped with a 220 kW-hr battery, providing an estimated range of 134 miles (216 km) and capable of recharging in three hours using 60 kW DC fast charging equipment provided by Proterra. Dominion Energy announced an order for 50 C2 Jouley school buses in December 2019, which would be deployed in the initial phase of its school bus replacement program in Virginia.[33]

The partnerships with other bus OEMs led Proterra to announce in August 2019 the Proterra Powered initiative, which supports OEMs that are interested in using Proterra's battery-electric drivetrain for heavy-duty commercial vehicles.[34][35]

Development and manufacturing

Proterra is a national company with its headquarters in Silicon Valley and manufacturing in San Gabriel Valley within metro Los Angeles and in South Carolina's Upstate Region—utilizing strengths and competitive advantages of all locations. The Proterra headquarters is centrally-located in California, home to America's largest concentration of electric vehicle and transportation technology development in North America and the number one market for transit in the U.S. The company also operates a West Coast manufacturing facility in the City of Industry, California. Proterra's East Coast manufacturing and engineering operations are located in Greenville, South Carolina and sits directly outside CU-ICAR. CU-ICAR's 250-acre campus—its research is focused entirely on industry needs and economic development—gives Proterra access to research and development resources that help further development of its EV buses and charging stations.

The composite bus bodies are supplied by TPI Composites;[36] under the terms of the agreement announced in November 2017, TPI will assemble 3,350 bodies over five years using its factories in Warren, Rhode Island and Newton, Iowa.[37] Molds and plugs were built by Symmetrix Composites.[38] TPI had previously developed a composite bus body for North American Bus Industries which was marketed as the Compobus.[39] The Iowa factory formerly was used by Maytag, and shipped its first body in August 2018;[40] however, the bus line in Newton was shut down in February 2020 and production was consolidated at Warren.[41]

Current and future operations
A Proterra Catalyst operated by King County Metro.
Proterra electric bus in downtown Dallas, TX

As of 2020, Proterra stated it had sold more than 1000[42] vehicles to more than 45 customers in over 20 states.[43] Current operations and future purchases include:

Year[lower-alpha 1] City/Location State/Province Agency Vehicles[lower-alpha 2] Refs
2010 PomonaCA Foothill Transit 31 [44][45]
2012 TallahasseeFL StarMetro[lower-alpha 3] 27 [45][48][49][50][51]
2013 San AntonioTX VIA Metropolitan Transit 3 [52]
StocktonCA San Joaquin Regional Transit District 11 [53][54]
WorcesterMA Worcester Regional Transit Authority 7 [45][55][56]
2014 ChicagoIL Chicago Transit Authority 22 [57]
Reno[lower-alpha 4]NV Regional Transportation Commission of Washoe County 20 [59]
2015 King CountyWA King County Metro Transit[lower-alpha 5] 23[lower-alpha 6] [62][63]
LouisvilleKY Transit Authority of River City 16 [64]
NashvilleTN Nashville Metropolitan Transit Authority 9 [65][66][67]
SenecaSC Clemson Area Transit[lower-alpha 7] 7 [68]
2016 ChicagoIL JLL[lower-alpha 8] 10 [69]
MissoulaMT ASUM Transportation 2 [70]
Pioneer ValleyMA Pioneer Valley Transit Authority 3 [71][72]
PortervilleCA Porterville Transit 2 [73]
2017 AtlantaGA Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority[lower-alpha 9] 1 [74]
EverettWA Everett Transit[lower-alpha 10] 4 [76]
FresnoCA California State University, Fresno 3 [77]
FresnoCA Fresno County Rural Transit 4 [77]
LexingtonKY Lexington Transit Authority[lower-alpha 10] 6
ModestoCA Modesto Area Express 4 [78]
Park CityUT Park City Public Works[lower-alpha 10] 6 [79][80]
Port ArthurTX Port Arthur Transit[lower-alpha 10] 6 [81]
ShreveportLA Shreveport Area Transit System[lower-alpha 10] 5 [82]
VisaliaCA City Of Visalia Transit Division 4 [77]
WilmingtonDE Delaware Transit Corporation[lower-alpha 10] 6
2018 Pierce CountyWA Pierce Transit[lower-alpha 10] 3 [76]
AnchorageAK PeopleMover[lower-alpha 11] 1 [83]
BaltimoreMD Baltimore Gas and Electric 2 [84][85]
BremertonWA Kitsap Transit 1 [86]
ChicagoIL Chicago Transit Authority 20 [87]
DallasTX Dallas Area Rapid Transit[lower-alpha 12] 7 [88][89][90]
DuluthMN Duluth Transit Authority 7 [91][92]
GreensboroNC Greensboro Transit Authority[lower-alpha 13] 4 [93]
MolineIL Quad Cities MetroLINK 2 [94]
New York CityNY Metropolitan Transportation Authority[lower-alpha 14] 5 [95]
San JoséCA Mineta San José International Airport 10 [96]
Santa Clara CountyCA Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority[lower-alpha 10] 5 [97]
Washington, DC DC Circulator 14 [98]
YosemiteCA United States National Park Service 2 [99]
2019 AthensGA University of Georgia 20 [100]
Los AngelesCA Los Angeles Department of Transportation[lower-alpha 3] 25 [101]
MeridianID Valley Regional Transit 8 [102]
Miami-Dade CountyFL Miami-Dade Transit 33 [103]
San Mateo CountyCA San Mateo County Transit District 10 [104]
TorontoON Toronto Transit Commission[lower-alpha 15] 10 [105]
2020 EdmontonAB Edmonton Transit Service 40 [106]
Los AlamosNM Atomic City Transit 2 [107]
FresnoCA Fresno Area Express 3 [108]
  TOTAL 476

Note: 25 Proterra buses were pulled from service in 2020 by authorities in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania after defects were discovered.[109]

Notes
  1. Year of initial deployment
  2. Deliveries, leased, and firm orders
  3. Selected under the 2017 FTA Low or No Emission Program — 5339(c) enacted by the FAST Act.[46] 55% of the funds granted in 2017 went to 29 agencies that intend to purchase or lease Proterra electric buses.[47]
  4. Proterra has also partnered with University of Nevada, Reno to deploy a single autonomous bus in Reno based on the Catalyst.[58]
  5. Demonstrations began in 2015,[60] with regular service in 2016.[61]
  6. Of the 23, 3 are in service and 20 are on firm order from an option held for 73 additional buses.[61]
  7. World's first all-electric municipal bus fleet.
  8. Leased by JLL.
  9. On loan as a pilot program.
  10. Selected under the 2016 FTA Low or No Emission Program — 5339(c) enacted by the FAST Act.[75]
  11. Under a four month sponsored trial. Sponsored by the local waste management company Anchorage Solid Waste Services.
  12. First customer for the 35-foot Catalyst.
  13. GTA holds a five-year contract with Proterra and expects to purchase more than 4 buses.[93]
  14. 3-year pilot program testing 25 all-electric buses: 5 Proterra BE40s, 5 New Flyer XE40s, and 15 New Flyer XE60s (see MTA Regional Bus Operations bus fleet for more.
  15. TTC is purchasing 30 electric buses (10 each from the leading manufacturers) as part of an evaluation program.

Investors

Since inception, Proterra has been funded through FTA grants as well as venture capital funding. Since 2011 Proterra has raised more than $130 million in private equity funding. Investors include:

  • Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers, a venture capital private equity firm based in Silicon Valley.[7]
  • General Motors Ventures LLC.[7]
  • Mitsui & Co. Global Investment Inc., a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co., Ltd.
  • Vision Ridge Partners LLC, a Boston-based organization that advises and invests in transformative growth companies with a focus on sustainability.[110]
  • 88 Green Ventures LLC, an investment firm that manages asset capabilities to assist emerging green companies.[110]
  • TAO Capital Partners, invests in technology, alternative energy, healthcare, consumer, and real estate businesses that have a sustainable positive impact.[7]
  • BMW i Ventures [111]

See also

References
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