Psalm 114

Psalm 114 is the 114th psalm of the Book of Psalms. In the Greek Septuagint version of the bible, and in its Latin translation in the Vulgate, this psalm is Psalm 113 in a slightly different numbering system.[1]

This article uses Hebrew (Masoretic) psalm numbering. Psalms 114–115 in Greek (Septuagint or Vulgate) numbering correspond to Psalm 116 in Hebrew numbering.
Scroll of the Psalms

Structure and theme
The Hebrew people leaving Egypt, led by Moses, on a mural in the synagogue of Doura Europos, in Syria.

The Psalm is composed of four stanzas of two lines, which the word Jacob envelops. The two central stanzas evoke with images full of life the miracle of the Red Sea and the passage of the Jordan. God is evoked only at the end of the Psalm, doubtless to arouse the expectation.

The first stanza recalls by the verb that the Hebrew people are born in the exodus. The words sanctuary and domain designate the entire Holy Land, the inheritance of God, not only in the geographical sense but also in a spiritual sense. The miracles that allow Israel to cross the Red Sea and cross the Jordan River are poetically enhanced by the process of hyperbole and by images evoking a life of natural elements, water and mountains. It is a means of manifesting all creation with Israel and actively participating in its march towards the Promised Land.

At eight verses the psalm is comparatively concise.

Psalm 114 begins with the Hebrew 'בְּצֵאת יִשְׂרָאֵל, מִמִּצְרָיִם; בֵּית יַעֲקֹב, מֵעַם לֹעֵז' and in Hebrew is an acrostic Poem. It is also one of the so called Egyptian Hallel prayers, though it is sometimes ascribed to King David.

Uses

Judaism
The Tosher Rebbe of Montreal, Quebec, Canada shaking the Four species during Sukkot while praying Hallel.
  • Is one of six psalms (113-118) of which Hallel is composed. On all days when Hallel is recited, this psalm is recited in its entirety.[2]
  • Is recited on the first and/or eighth days of Passover in some traditions.[3]

Christianity

Since the sixth century, the psalm has been used as a reading at Christian burial services, and also in ministry to those who are dying.[4] It has also been read at Easter Day services, as Israel's deliverance from slavery is seen as a metaphor for deliverance from sin.[5]

Protestant Christianity

In the Revised Common Lectionary, the Psalm appears in Year A on the seventeenth Sunday after Pentecost.[6]

Orthodox Christianity

In Slavic and Greek Orthodox churches, it is sung as an antiphon for the feast of Theophany,[7] for the following Sunday[8] and for Palm Sunday.[9]

Catholic

St. Benedict of Nursia choose this psalm as one of the Psalms sung for the offices of Vespers. Since the early Middle Ages, Psalm 114 has been performed at the office of Vespers on Monday, according to the rule of St. Benedict (AD 530.)[10][11]

In the Liturgy of Hours today, the first part of Psalm 114 is sung or recited on Vespers Sunday. It is the only psalm traditionally chanted using Tonus peregrinus.

Part of the psalm is quoted at the beginning of Dante's Purgatorio.[12]

Music

Jean-Joseph Cassanéa de Mondonville, grand motet "In exitu Israel" (1755)

Antonio Vivaldi, motet "In exitu Israel" 113 RV 604

References
Citations
  1. The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Books of the Bible. Oxford University Press. 2011. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-19-537737-8.
  2. The Complete Artscroll Siddur page 633
  3. The Artscroll Tehillim page 329
  4. Phillips 2001, p. 224-225.
  5. Phillips 2001, p. 225.
  6. Harn & Strawn 2009, p. 297.
  7. Psalm Verses of the Orthodox Liturgy 2000, p. 62.
  8. Psalm Verses of the Orthodox Liturgy 2000, p. 66.
  9. Psalm Verses of the Orthodox Liturgy 2000, p. 103.
  10. Règle de saint Benoît, (traduction par Prosper Guéranger, Abbaye Saint-Pierre de Solesmes, réimpression 2007) p47.
  11. Psautier latin-français du bréviaire monastique, 1938/2003 p493.
  12. Hamlin 2004, p. 108-109.
Bibliography
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