Q. Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!
Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! is the debut studio album by the American new wave band Devo. It was originally released in August 1978 on the Warner Bros. label (Virgin Records in Europe). Produced by Brian Eno, the album was recorded between October 1977 and February 1978, primarily in Cologne, West Germany.
Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! | ||||
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Studio album by | ||||
Released | August 28, 1978 | |||
Recorded | October 1977, February 1978 | |||
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Length | 34:24 | |||
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Devo chronology | ||||
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Singles from Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! | ||||
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![]() Cover of European editions |
The album received somewhat mixed reviews from critics and peaked at No. 78 on the U.S. Billboard chart and No. 12 on the UK Albums Chart. Recent reviews of the album have been more uniformly positive and the album has charted on several retrospective "best of" lists from publications including Rolling Stone, Pitchfork, and Spin.
On May 6, 2009, Devo performed the album live in its entirety for the first time as part of the Don't Look Back concert series curated by All Tomorrow's Parties. On September 16, 2009, Warner Bros. and Devo announced a re-release of Q: Are We Not Men? and Freedom of Choice, with a tour performing both albums.[7]
Production and recording
In 1977, David Bowie and Iggy Pop received a tape of Devo demo songs from the wife of Michael Aylward, guitarist in another Akron, Ohio, band, Tin Huey.[8] Both Pop and Bowie, as well as Brian Eno and Robert Fripp, expressed interest in producing Devo's first release.[9] At Devo's New York debut show in 1977, Bowie proclaimed that "this is the band of the future, I'm going to produce them in Tokyo this winter."[9]
The earliest material on the album includes "Come Back Jonee" and "Shrivel-Up" recorded at Different Fur, San Francisco, California in October 1977 with Patrick Gleeson acting as producer, mixed and overdubbed later.[10] Eventually, Eno was chosen to produce the rest of the album at Conny Plank's studio located near Cologne, Germany.[9] The band were flown to Germany in February of 1978.[11] Bowie was busy with filming Just a Gigolo but helped Eno produce the record during weekends.[9][12] Since Devo was without a record deal, Eno paid for the flights and studio cost for the band, confident that the band would be signed to a record contract.[9] In return for his work on the album, Eno asked for a share of any subsequent deals.[13]
Gerald Casale was not present for the first day of recording, as he had missed the flight. With their bassist missing the group spent the first day playing with Eno, Bowie, Holger Czukay and Dieter Moebius.[14]
The recording sessions were a source of frustration for Eno and Devo. Eno found the band unwilling to experiment or deviate from their early demonstrations of recorded songs.[15] Devo later admitted that "we were overtly resistant to Eno's ideas. He made up synth parts and really cool sounds for almost every part of the album, but we used them on three or four songs."[16] A majority of the tracks were later remixed by David Bowie; excluding "Space Junk", and "Shrivel Up", which had Eno's production still intact.
Outtakes from the album include Be Stiff, released as a non album single that same year, Social Fools, released as the B-Side to Come Back Jonee and Penetration In The Centrefold, released as the B-Side to The Day My Baby Gave Me A Surprize in 1979.
Packaging
The phrase "Are we not men?" is from The Island of Doctor Moreau (1896), by H. G. Wells.[17] It is part of the litany of the Law,[18] spoken by the Speaker of the Law to the Beast Folk, creatures surgically force-evolved by the mad doctor.
The cover was illustrated by Joe Heiner. According to an essay by Devo co-founder and bass guitarist Gerald Casale included on the Complete Truth About De-evolution DVD, the cover of their debut album is based on an image of the famous professional golfer Juan "Chi-Chi" Rodríguez that they had found on a golf strap. According to Casale, David Berman, Senior Vice President of business affairs at their recording company Warner Bros., decided that the image could not be used because "he was a golf fan and felt we were making fun of Chi Chi." The band offered to contact Rodriguez personally but had time constraints, due to the forthcoming production of their album. The manager of the company's art department, Rick Serini, recommended an artist who could airbrush and alter the face of the picture, while lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh offered a picture he'd procured from a local newspaper that morphed the faces of U.S. presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. These ideas were later morphed with the original "Chi Chi" Rodriguez image to create the cover art of the album.[13]
The band did eventually get Rodriguez's permission to use the original photograph. Since the "morphed" album sleeves were already in production by that time, Serini claimed it would cost the band $2,500 to halt production and reinstate the image intended originally by the band, which forced the band to keep the morphed version. According to Casale, "we were able to come out with something that by the corporate interference and misunderstanding of the business side of Warner Bros. Records, actually unwittingly produced something far more Devo than the original [image]."[13] The original cover illustration, with Rodriguez's face intact, turned up on the picture sleeve for the band's third single "Be Stiff".
The European version has a completely different artwork, consisting of two photographs similar to the stills on the American version's inner sleeve (front cover: man with goggles, bow tie, and rubber gloves, back cover: heads with sunglasses under nylon stockings),[19] stills which were taken from the music video for Jocko Homo..
A history of the design of the sleeve is presented in an episode of the podcast '99% Invisible'. Episode 328 – 'Devolutionary Design' contains interviews with members of the band, Chi-Chi Rodriguez and representatives of the record industry from the time.
Release
Devo received offers to release Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! from Warner Bros., Island, Virgin and David Bowie's production company Bewlay Brothers.[9][16] Virgin obtained rights to release the album in the United Kingdom, while Warner Bros. held the rights for North America.[16] The album was originally planned for a Spring 1978 release, but had to be delayed due to legal disputes between Warner and Virgin.[20] It was eventually by Warner released in the United States on August 28, 1978, and in the United Kingdom by Virgin on September 1, 1978.[16][21] Virgin also released a picture disc version of the album,[22] illustrated with a still from the band's 1976 music film The Truth About De-Evolution.
In North America, Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! peaked at No. 78 on the Billboard charts, while in the United Kingdom it entered the charts on September 16, 1978, and remained there for seven weeks, peaking at No. 12.[23][24] Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! was also successful in Japan.[25] The album went "gold" in the United States on July 27, 2001 and "silver" in the United Kingdom on January 15, 1979.[21][26]
The album's opening track, "Uncontrollable Urge", has been used in several films and television shows, including The Wolf of Wall Street, Fun with Dick and Jane, Ridiculousness, and Jackass.[27]
Critical reception
Review scores | |
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Source | Rating |
AllMusic | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Encyclopedia of Popular Music | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
The Rolling Stone Album Guide | ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Spin Alternative Record Guide | 9/10[30] |
The Village Voice | B+[31] |
Initial critical reaction to Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! was somewhat mixed. Tom Carson, writing in Rolling Stone, claimed that "There's not an ounce of feeling anywhere, and the only commitment is to the distancing aesthetic of the put-on", and opined that "Devo lacks most of Eno's warmth and much of Bowie's flair for mechanized melodrama. For all its idiosyncrasies, the music here is utterly impersonal."[32] Robert Christgau of The Village Voice reacted with muted praise, highlighting Devo's "catchy, comical, herky-jerky rock and roll" while concluding: "In small doses it's as good as novelty music ever gets, and there isn't a really bad cut on this album. But it leads nowhere."[31] Nonetheless, it was voted one of the best albums of the year in The Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics poll for 1978.[33] In January 1980, Trouser Press also named it one of the best albums of 1978.[34]
Later reception of the album has been more uniformly positive. Steve Huey of the online music database AllMusic termed it "arguably Devo's strongest set of material" and "a seminal touchstone in the development of American new wave."[2] Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! has scored on several "best of" lists, including Spin's list of the "50 Most Essential Punk Records", Pitchfork's list of the 100 best albums of the 1970s and Rolling Stone's list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.[35][36][37] It is also listed in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
Track listing
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
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1. | "Uncontrollable Urge" | Mark Mothersbaugh | 3:09 |
2. | "(I Can't Get No) Satisfaction" | 2:40 | |
3. | "Praying Hands" |
| 2:47 |
4. | "Space Junk" |
| 2:14 |
5. | "Mongoloid" | G. Casale | 3:44 |
6. | "Jocko Homo" | M. Mothersbaugh | 3:40 |
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|
7. | "Too Much Paranoias" | M. Mothersbaugh | 1:57 |
8. | "Gut Feeling" / "(Slap Your Mammy)" |
| 4:54 |
9. | "Come Back Jonee" |
| 3:47 |
10. | "Sloppy (I Saw My Baby Gettin')" |
| 2:40 |
11. | "Shrivel-Up" |
| 3:05 |
Total length: | 34:24 |
On the European version the second song appears as "Satisfaction (I Can't Get Me No)".[38]
CD Track listings | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All tracks are written by Mark Mothersbaugh and Gerald Casale, except where noted.
2009 Deluxe Remastered Edition
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Personnel
Devo
- Mark Mothersbaugh – lead and background vocals; keyboards; guitar
- Gerald Casale – lead and background vocals; bass guitar; keyboards
- Bob Mothersbaugh – lead guitar; backing vocals
- Bob Casale – rhythm guitar; keyboards; backing vocals
- Alan Myers – drums
Production
- Brian Eno – producer; additional synthesizers on "Space Junk", and "Shrivel Up"; distorted vocals on "Space Junk"
- David Bowie – additional co-production
- Patrick Gleeson – engineer
- Dave Hutchins – engineer
Tour
To support the album, Devo undertook a lengthy world tour lasting from October 1978 to June 1979. The look of the tour was largely based around the live act they'd been developing throughout the previous year, with the only differences being the increased budget allowing for higher quality costumes and a basic set, and a focus on the album's material, whilst teasing then unreleased songs for the next album.
The show would open with 2 short films, the band's 1976 The Truth About Devolution film, followed by their 1978 Satisfaction and Come Back Jonee films. When the band arrived on stage they performed two songs that were not on the album supporting the tour. Then Mark Mothersbaugh would get a modified electric guitar, which would only be used for the songs "Satisfaction", and "Too Much Paranoias." As the show would continue, the group's signature yellow suits would be gradually torn, until "Jocko Homo," where Devo would strip down to black shorts and T shirts with knee and shoulder pads. During the intro to "Smart Patrol" the group donned orange helmets, which were shaken off during the next song, "Mr. DNA." The show was ultimately concluded with lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh becoming Booji Boy and singing two songs, "Red Eye" and "The Words Get Stuck In My Throat."[41][42][43][44]
Date | Venue | Notes |
---|---|---|
First Leg (1978–1979) | ||
October 9, 1978 | Starwood, West Hollywood, CA | "The Visitors" Opened for DEVO[45] |
October 10, 1978 | This show was shot for their "The Men Who Make The Music" Film | |
October 14, 1978 | Saturday Night Live, New York, NY | Television appearance, performing "Satisfaction" & "Jocko Homo", the album's two lead singles. |
October 17, 1978 | The Bottom Line, New York, NY | Sold out shows |
October 17, 1978 | ||
October 20, 1978 | Showplace, Dover, NJ | "The Two Timers" Opened for DEVO. |
October 21, 1978 | Gaston Hall, Georgetown University, Washington, DC | "Razz" Opened for DEVO. |
October 22, 1978 | The Paradise, Boston, MA | |
October 24, 1978 | El Casino, Metro Place des Arts, Montréal, QC, Canada | |
October 25, 1978 | El Mocambo, Toronto, ON, Canada | Show broadcast live on FM radio, Nash the Slash Opening |
October 27, 1978 | Punch And Judy Theatre, Grosse Pointe, MI | Two Shows each on these dates |
October 28, 1978 | ||
October 29, 1978 | Bogart's, Cincinnati, OH | |
October 30, 1978 | Agora Ballroom, Cleveland, OH | Pre-Halloween Concert, opening for Willie Alexander And The Boom Boom Band |
October 31, 1978 | Akron Civic Theatre, Akron, OH | Halloween Concert |
November 1, 1978 | B'ginnings, Schaumburg, IL | |
November 3, 1978 | Walker Art Center Auditorium, Minneapolis, MN | Broadcast on Radio, an excerpt from this show is heard on "Recombo DNA" |
November 6, 1978 | Dooley's, Tempe, AZ | |
November 8, 1978 | Coffee House, University of California, Davis, CA | DEVO played twice on this date, at 8 and 10:30 PM |
November 10, 1978 | Old Waldorf, San Francisco, CA | This show was broadcast live on FM Radio, sold out show. |
November 11, 1978 | ||
November 15, 1978 | Kant Kino, Berlin, Germany | The group's first show in Germany |
November 16, 1978 | Volksbildungsheim, Frankfurt, Germany | |
November 17, 1978 | Markthalle, Hamburg, Germany | |
November 19, 1978 | Theatre Le Palace, Paris, France | The group's first show in France |
November 21, 1978 | Congresgebouw, The Hague, The Netherlands | The group's first show in The Netherlands |
November 21, 1978 | Ancienne Belgique, Brussels, Belgium | The group's first show in Belgium |
November 26, 1978 | Odeon Theatre, Edinburgh, United Kingdom | Doll by Doll opened |
November 27, 1978 | Glasgow Apollo, Glasgow, United Kingdom | |
November 29, 1978 | Newcastle City Hall, Newcastle, United Kingdom | |
November 30, 1978 | Sheffield City Hall, Sheffield, United Kingdom | According to attendee this show may have been rescheduled to December 13 |
December 1, 1978 | Odeon Theatre, Birmingham, United Kingdom | |
December 2, 1978 | Hammersmith Odeon, London, United Kingdom | Doll by Doll Opening |
December 3, 1978 | ||
December 4, 1978 | Free Trade Hall, Manchester, United Kingdom | |
December 5, 1978 | Old Grey Whistle Test, London, United Kingdom | TV appearance filmed but never broadcast, the group perform "Satisfaction" [46] |
December 6, 1978 | Empire Theatre, Liverpool, United Kingdom | Doll by Doll Opening |
December 7, 1978 | Colston Hall, Bristol, United Kingdom | |
December 9, 1978 | Chorus, Paris, France | Full concert filmed and broadcast on France 2 Program "Chorus" |
December 17, 1978 | Music Hall, Detroit, MI | Attendees claim this show was at The Music Hall, but Newspaper Listings claim it was at the Masonic Auditorium[47] |
December 27, 1978 | Agora Ballroom, Atlanta, GA | |
December 29, 1978 | Painters Mill Music Fair, Owings Mills, MD | |
December 30, 1978 | Tower Theater, Upper Darby, PA | |
December 31, 1978 | Avery Fisher Hall, New York, NY | New Years Eve Show. Concert started at 12:15 AM |
January 3, 1979 | Mary Seaton Room, Kleinhans Music Hall, Buffalo, NY | [48] |
January 4, 1979 | Akron Civic Theatre, Akron, OH | |
January 5, 1979 | Music Hall, Detroit, MI | |
January 6, 1979 | Park West, Chicago, IL | |
January 10, 1979 | Paramount Theatre, Portland, OR | |
January 11, 1979 | Paramount Northwest Theatre, Seattle, WA | |
January 12, 1979 | Commodore Ballroom, Vancouver, BC, Canada | |
Second Leg (1979) | ||
May 22, 1979 | Festival Hall, Osaka, Japan | DEVO's first show in Japan |
May 23, 1979 | Shi Kokaido Hall, Nagoya, Japan | |
May 28, 1979 | Nippon Budokan Hall, Tokyo, Japan | This show was filmed and broadcast for Japanese television.[49] |
June 1, 1979 | Campus Center Ballroom, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI | This show was cancelled [50] |
June 2, 1979 | Last show of the tour, two shows performed | |
Setlist
The average setlist was made up of 52% material from the album, with 47% of tracks being unreleased at the time.
- Wiggly World
- Secret Agent Man (Only performed on second leg)
- Pink Pussycat
- (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction
- Too Much Paranoias
- Praying Hands
- Uncontrollable Urge
- Mongoloid
- Jocko Homo
- Smart Patrol
- Mr. DNA
- Sloppy (I Saw My Baby Gettin')
- Come Back Jonee
- Gut Feeling
- Slap Your Mammy
- DEVO Corporate Anthem
- In Heaven Everything Is Fine (Performed once)
- Red Eye Express
- The Words Get Stuck In My Throat
The following songs were also played during the tour, but only as one offs:
- Clockout[51]
- Shrivel Up[52]
- In Heaven Everything Is Fine[53]
- I Need A Chick[54]
Chart performance
Chart | Peak position |
---|---|
Australian Kent Music Report Albums Chart[55] | 57 |
UK Albums Chart[56] | 12 |
US Billboard 200[57] | 78 |
Covers
The song "Uncontrollable Urge" has been covered by numerous bands, among them SNFU for the tribute compilation We Are Not Devo.
Indie rock band Claw Hammer covered the album in its entirety on their 1991 release Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are NOT Devo![58]
Rob Dyrdek covered the song "Uncontrollable Urge" as the theme for the MTV Show Ridiculousness.
Notes
- Jackson, Josh (September 8, 2016). "The 50 Best New Wave Albums". Paste. Archived from the original on October 1, 2017. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
- Huey, Steve. "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! – Devo". AllMusic. Retrieved December 4, 2008.
- Jackson, Josh (July 13, 2016). "The 50 Best Post-Punk Albums". Paste. Retrieved November 10, 2017.
- Dolan, Jon; Fine, Jason; Fricke, David; Garber-Paul, Elisabeth; Greene, Andy; Hermes, Will; Sheffield, Rob; Wolk, Douglas (April 6, 2016). "40 Greatest Punk Albums of All Time". Rolling Stone. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- Strong 1998, p. 200
- Strong 1998, p. 201
- "Warner Bros. and Devo press release on re-release and tour". Archived from the original on January 7, 2010. Retrieved May 20, 2020.
- Adams 2002, p. 385
- Reynolds 2006, p. 80
- Grant, Steven (January 1979). "Yes!". Trouser Press. No. 35: 15.
- Casale, Gerald (2020). DEVO: Unmasked. United Kingdom: Rocket 88. p. 75. ISBN 9781910978498.
- Sandford 1998, p. 172
- Casale, Gerald V. Drooling for Dollars (The Complete Truth About De-Evolution DVD Special Features) (DVD Region 1). Rhino Entertainment, 2003.
- Mothersbaugh, Mark (2020). DEVO: Unmasked. United Kingdom: Rocket 88. p. 76. ISBN 9781910978498.
- Howard 2004, p. 199
- Reynolds 2006, p. 81
- Wells, H.G. (1896). The Island of Doctor Moreau. New York, Stone & Kimball.
- "Not to go on all-fours; that is the Law. Are we not Men?
"Not to suck up Drink; that is the Law. Are we not Men?
"Not to eat Fish or Flesh; that is the Law. Are we not Men?
"Not to claw the Bark of Trees; that is the Law. Are we not Men?
"Not to chase other Men; that is the Law. Are we not Men?" (The Island of Doctor Moreau; Chapter 12, Paragraph 18) - Images from American Discogs entry vs. images from European Discogs entry
- Casale, Gerald (2020). DEVO: Unmasked. United Kingdom: Rocket 88. p. 78. ISBN 9781910978498.
- "British certifications – Devo". British Phonographic Industry. Type Devo in the "Search BPI Awards" field and then press Enter.
- Devo – Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! at Discogs
- Warwick, Kutner & Brown 2004, p. 320
- "Devo > Charts & Awards". Allmusic. Retrieved June 9, 2008.
- Buckley 2003, p. 288
- "American certifications – Devo – Are We Not Men". Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved April 12, 2018.
- "Devo Soundtrack Listing". internet movie database.
- Larkin, Colin (2011). "Devo". The Encyclopedia of Popular Music (5th concise ed.). Omnibus Press. ISBN 978-0-85712-595-8.
- Evans, Paul (2004). "Devo". In Brackett, Nathan; Hoard, Christian (eds.). The New Rolling Stone Album Guide (4th ed.). Simon & Schuster. pp. 232–33. ISBN 0-7432-0169-8.
- Hunter, James (1995). "Devo". In Weisbard, Eric; Marks, Craig (eds.). Spin Alternative Record Guide. Vintage Books. pp. 110–11. ISBN 0-679-75574-8.
- Christgau, Robert (October 30, 1978). "Christgau's Consumer Guide". The Village Voice. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
- Carson, Tom (November 30, 1978). "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo". Rolling Stone. Retrieved March 6, 2014.
- "The 1978 Pazz & Jop Critics Poll". The Village Voice. January 22, 1979. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- "Best Albums of the 1970s". Trouser Press. January 1980. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- Reynolds, Simon (May 2001). "The 50 Most Essential Punk Records – 38. Devo: Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!". Spin. Vol. 17 no. 5. p. 112. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
- "The 100 Best Albums of the 1970s". Pitchfork. June 23, 2004. p. 2. Archived from the original on December 9, 2008. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
- "447) Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!". Rolling Stone. November 18, 2003. Archived from the original on December 27, 2004. Retrieved December 6, 2008.
- Images from European Discogs entry
- "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo / Devo Live [Extra tracks, Import]". Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- "The Ultra Devo-lux Ltd. Edition". Devo Official Store. clubdevo.com. Archived from the original on March 7, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2011.
- Devo – Live in Tokyo, Japan 5/28/1979 FULL VIDEO, retrieved January 2, 2020
- DEVO – Chorus – Full Concert (1978), retrieved January 2, 2020
- Devo Park West, Chicago, IL 6th January 1979 (60mins) New Wave Punk, retrieved January 2, 2020
- DEVO – 10/19/1978 – Dover, NJ, retrieved January 2, 2020
- "DEVO Live Guide – 1978". huboon.com. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- Devo • Satisfaction HD • TOTP Outtake 1978, retrieved December 30, 2019
- "Devo Live Guide – 12/17/78 – Music Hall, Detroit, MI". huboon.com. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- "DEVO Live Guide – 1979". huboon.com. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- "Devo Live Guide – 05/28/79 – Noppin Budokan Hall, Tokyo, Japan". huboon.com. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- "Devo Live Guide – 06/01/79 – Campus Center Ballroom, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI – CANCELLED". huboon.com. Retrieved December 30, 2019.
- "Devo Live Montreal 10/24/1978". Youtube. December 31, 2018.
- "Devo - Shrivel Up Live New York 1978". Youtube. January 27, 2016.
- "Devo - In Heaven Everything Thing is Fine Live 29/12/1978". Youtube. April 28, 2020.
- "Devo - Booji Needs A Chick Live Berlin 15/11/1978". Youtube.
- Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. St Ives, N.S.W.: Australian Chart Book. p. 88. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
- "UK Top 40 Hit Database". Archived from the original on May 12, 2008. Retrieved May 16, 2008.
- "allmusic (((Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums)))". Retrieved May 16, 2008.
- Raggett, Ned. "Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are NOT Devo! – Claw Hammer". AllMusic. Retrieved December 17, 2013.
References
- Reynolds, Simon (2006). Rip it Up and Start Again: Postpunk 1978–1984. Penguin. ISBN 0-14-303672-6.
- Howard, David N. (2004). Sonic Alchemy: Visionary Music Producers and Their Maverick Recordings. Hal Leonard. ISBN 0-634-05560-7.
- Adams, Deanna R. (2002). Rock 'n' Roll and the Cleveland Connection. Kent State University Press. ISBN 0-87338-691-4.
- Sandford, Christopher (1998). Bowie: Loving the Alien. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-80854-4.
- Warwick, Neil; Kutner, Jon; Brown, Tony (2004). The Complete Book of the British Charts: Singles and Albums. Omnibus Press. ISBN 1-84449-058-0.
- Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-84353-105-4.
- Strong, M. C. (1998). The Great Rock Discography. Giunti. ISBN 88-09-21522-2.
External links
- Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! at Discogs (list of releases)
- Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! at Rate Your Music
- Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo! at MusicBrainz (list of releases)