Quantum information science

Quantum teleportation, quantum entanglement and the manufacturing of quantum computer hardware require serious understanding of quantum physics and engineering. Since 2010s, there has been a remarkable progress in manufacturing quantum computers, with companies like Google and IBM investing heavily in quantum computer hardware research. Today, it is possible to build a quantum computer with more than 100 qubits. However, the error occurrence is so large that we cannot say that we have a material suitable for quantum computers yet. Majorana fermions may be one of the key materials.

Devices for quantum cryptography have been commercialized already. There is an old cipher called a one time pad, which was widely used among the spies in the Cold War era. It uses a long sequence of random keys. If two people exchanged same random keys safely, it is impossible to decrypt one time pad except by accident, but key exchanging is not easy. However, the key exchanging problems can be solved by exchanging quantum entangled particle pairs. Quantum mechanical laws such as no cloning theorem and wave function collapse provide secure exchange of random keys. So, manufacturing devices that can transport quantum entangled particles is an important scientific and engineering problem.

Programming languages for quantum computers are also needed. Q Sharp and Qiskit are popular quantum programming languages.

Quantum algorithm and quantum complexity theory are two of the subjects in algorithms and computational complexity theory. In 1994, mathematician Peter Shor published his prime factorization algorithm. If one has a 1,000-qubit quantum computer, one can threaten most widely used ciphers such as RSA and ECC by using Shor's algorithm. It can result in serious security problems for many countries. Therefore, his paper triggered a lot of investment in quantum computing research. Many mathematicians and cryptologists are preparing to enter the quantum computing era. See post quantum cryptography.

• Information theory
• Quantum mechanics
• Quantum computing
• Quantum error correction
• Quantum information theory
• Quantum cryptography and its generalization, quantum communication
• Quantum communication complexity
• Quantum entanglement, as seen from an information-theoretic point of view
• Quantum dense coding
• Quantum teleportation
• Entanglement-assisted classical capacity
• No-communication theorem
• Quantum capacity
• Quantum communication channel
• Quantum decision tree complexity
• Timeline of quantum computing and communication

• Nielsen, Michael A.; Chuang, Isaac L. (June 2012). Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (10th anniversary ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780511992773. OCLC 700706156.

• Quantiki – quantum information science portal and wiki.
• ERA-Pilot QIST WP1 European roadmap on Quantum Information Processing and Communication
• QIIC – Quantum Information, Imperial College London.
• QIP – Quantum Information Group, University of Leeds. The quantum information group at the University of Leeds is engaged in researching a wide spectrum of aspects of quantum information. This ranges from algorithms, quantum computation, to physical implementations of information processing and fundamental issues in quantum mechanics. Also contains some basic tutorials for the lay audience.
• mathQI Research Group on Mathematics and Quantum Information.
• CQIST Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology at the University of Southern California
• CQuIC Center for Quantum Information and Control, including theoretical and experimental groups from University of New Mexico, University of Arizona.
• CQT Centre for Quantum Technologies at the National University of Singapore
• CQC2T Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology
• QST@LSU Quantum Science and Technologies Group at Louisiana State University