Richmond, Maine

Richmond is a town in Sagadahoc County, Maine, United States. The population was 3,411 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Portland–South Portland–Biddeford, Maine metropolitan statistical area, situated at the head of Merrymeeting Bay.

Richmond, Maine
Town
From top, left to right: Richmond riverfront from Swan Island ferry dock, Thomas Jefferson Southard House, View of Swan Island from the Richmond rivefront
Richmond, Maine
Location within the state of Maine
Coordinates: 44°7′2″N 69°49′46″W
CountryUnited States
StateMaine
CountySagadahoc
Incorporated1823
Area
 • Total31.56 sq mi (81.74 km2)
 • Land30.41 sq mi (78.76 km2)
 • Water1.15 sq mi (2.98 km2)
Elevation
210 ft (64 m)
Population
 • Total3,411
 • Estimate 
(2012[3])
3,392
 • Density112.2/sq mi (43.3/km2)
Time zoneUTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code
04357
Area code(s)207
FIPS code23-62645
GNIS feature ID0582695
Websitewww.richmondmaine.com

Richmond is located adjacent to the 2,019 acre state-owned and managed Steve Powell Wildlife Management Area on Swan Island,[4] a wildlife sanctuary and tourist area listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[5] Swan Island is a major wildlife tourist attraction for the town, especially during the summer.[4]

Richmond is also known for its collection of Greek Revival homes, unique for the area.[6]

History

The tract of land which comprises Richmond and Gardiner was purchased in 1649 from the Abenaki Indians by Christopher Lawson. The site of Richmond, as well as neighboring Swan Island, is believed by historians to have served as a summer settlement for the Abenaki.[7]

In 1719, Fort Richmond was built by the Province of Massachusetts Bay on the western bank of the Kennebec River where Richmond is located today. Named for Ludovic Stewart, 1st Duke of Richmond, the fort included a blockhouse, trading post, chapel, officers' and soldiers' quarters, all surrounded by a palisade.[8] In 1722 during the Dummer's War, following the battle at Arrowsic, Maine, Fort Richmond was attacked in a three-hour siege by warriors from Norridgewock. Houses were burned and cattle slain, but the fort held. Brunswick and other settlements near the mouth of the Kennebec River were destroyed. The fort's defenses were enlarged in 1723. On August 19, 1724, a militia of 208 soldiers departed Fort Richmond under command of captains Jeremiah Moulton and Johnson Harmon, traveling up the Kennebec in 17 whaleboats to sack Norridgewock. Fort Richmond would be rebuilt in 1740, attacked by another tribe in 1750, then dismantled in 1755 when forts Shirley (also called Frankfort), Western and Halifax were built upriver.[8]

Settled in 1725, the community was part of Bowdoinham when it was incorporated in 1762 by the Massachusetts General Court. In 1790, Revolutionary War veteran John Plummer was awarded a land grant on Plummer Road, where his son built the surviving house about 1810. The Embargo of 1807 crippled the port's economy, bankrupted merchants and created a recession which lingered through the War of 1812.[9]

The town was set off and incorporated on February 10, 1823, taking its name from the old fort. Farms produced hay and potatoes. With the arrival of steamboats in the 1830s, Richmond boomed as a shipbuilding and trade center on the navigable Kennebec River estuary. Among the more important shipbuilders were T. J. Southard, also considered one of the town's "founding fathers". A brass foundry was established. The community also produced shoes, sails and wood products. Its peak years were between 1835 and 1857, endowing the town with a wealth of fine Greek Revival architecture.[10]

Richmond is believed to have been a site along the Underground Railroad.[11]

Richmond was once the center of the largest Slavic-speaking settlement in the United States. People of Ukrainian, Russian, and Polish heritage emigrated to the United States during World War II to settle along the Kennebec Valley. In the 1950s and 1960s, there was also a large influx of White Russian emigres, who earlier fled the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917. The Russian emigres eventually came to Richmond from major US cities due to the similarity of rural Maine and the Russian Countryside. There were originally three Eastern Orthodox churches in the town, and the White Russian Corps was founded in 1953 under the leadership of the colony's founder, Russian Baron Vladimir Kuhn Von Poushental.[12] Many of these settlers were retirees, and their families often chose not to remain there. For this reason, the Richmond White Russian community has now largely disappeared. One of the churches that they built, however, the Russian Orthodox Church of St. Alexander Nevsky, continues to function to this day.[13]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 31.56 square miles (81.74 km2), of which 30.41 square miles (78.76 km2) is land and 1.15 square miles (2.98 km2) is water.[1] Richmond is drained by Mill Brook, Abagadasset River and Kennebec River. Peacock Beach State Park, established in May 2010, is a state park located on Pleasant Pond in Richmond.

Richmond Welcome Sign, State Route 197

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
18301,308—
18401,60422.6%
18502,05628.2%
18602,73933.2%
18702,442−10.8%
18802,6588.8%
18903,08216.0%
19002,049−33.5%
19101,858−9.3%
19201,724−7.2%
19301,96413.9%
19402,0635.0%
19502,2177.5%
19602,185−1.4%
19702,168−0.8%
19802,62721.2%
19903,07216.9%
20003,2987.4%
20103,4113.4%
2014 (est.)3,383[14]−0.8%
U.S. Decennial Census[15]

See also: Richmond (CDP), Maine

2010 census

As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 3,411 people, 1,420 households, and 965 families residing in the town. The population density was 112.2 inhabitants per square mile (43.3/km2). There were 1,629 housing units at an average density of 53.6 per square mile (20.7/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 97.3% White, 0.4% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.9% of the population.

There were 1,420 households, of which 29.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.5% were married couples living together, 11.3% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.2% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.0% were non-families. 24.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.85.

The median age in the town was 42.1 years. 22% of residents were under the age of 18; 6.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.7% were from 25 to 44; 31.9% were from 45 to 64; and 14% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 49.0% male and 51.0% female.

2000 census

At the 2000 census, there were 3,298 people, 1,290 households and 900 families residing in the town. The population density was 108.5 per square mile (41.9/km2). There were 1,475 housing units at an average density of 18.7 persons/km2 (48.5 persons/sq mi). The racial makeup of the town was 98.18% White, 0.42% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.24% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.36% from other races, and 0.55% from two or more races. 0.85% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 1,290 households, of which 36.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.8% were married couples living together, 11.1% have a woman whose husband does not live with her, and 30.2% were non-families. 24.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size was 3.01.

Age distribution was 27.3% under the age of 18, 6.2% from 18 to 24, 30.7% from 25 to 44, 25.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.4 males.

The median household income was $36,654, and the median family income was $48,125. Males had a median income of $30,557 versus $25,844 for females. The per capita income for the town was $17,896. 13.6% of the population and 14.0% of families were below the poverty line. Out of the total people living in poverty, 22.7% are under the age of 18 and 6.1% are 65 or older.

Sites of interest
  • Main Street in 1908
  • Front Street c. 1910
  • Swan Island ferry c. 1908
  • Maxwell residence in 1907
  • Richmond as seen from Swan Island, 1908

Notable people

References
  1. "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
  2. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2012-12-16.
  3. "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved 2013-07-06.
  4. "DISCOVER SWAN ISLAND" (PDF). Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife.
  5. "National Register of Historic Places 1996 Weekly Lists Jan - March" (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Weekly Lists. January 11, 1996. Retrieved April 12, 2020.
  6. "Town of Richmond, Maine". www.richmondmaine.com. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  7. "Explore Swan Island". www.maine.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  8. Coolidge, Austin J.; John B. Mansfield (1859). A History and Description of New England. Boston, Massachusetts. pp. 281–282.
  9. Varney, George J. (1886), Gazetteer of the state of Maine. Richmond, Boston: Russell
  10. Historical Sketch of Richmond, Maine
  11. "Town of Richmond, Maine". www.richmondmaine.com. Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  12. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-20-mn-10789-story.html
  13. "St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral | Russian Orthodox Church". Retrieved 2020-04-13.
  14. "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014". Archived from the original on May 23, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  15. "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.

Further reading
  • Charles W. Richards (1887), A historical almanac, 1888, Richmond, Me: Bee steam job print, OL 14011924M

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