Ruud Gullit

Ruud Gullit (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈryt ˈxʏlɪt] (listen);[5] born Rudi Dil; 1 September 1962) is a Dutch football manager and former footballer who played professionally in the 1980s and 1990s as a attacking midfielder, midfielder or forward. Widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, he captained the Netherlands national team that was victorious at UEFA Euro 1988 and was also a member of the squad for the 1990 FIFA World Cup and Euro 1992.

Ruud Gullit
Gullit in Doha 2012
Personal information
Full name Ruud Gullit[1]
Birth name Rudi Dil[2]
Date of birth (1962-09-01) 1 September 1962[1]
Place of birth Amsterdam, Netherlands[1]
Height 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in)[3]
Position(s) Attacking Midfielder / Forward / midfielder
Youth career
1967–1975 ASV Meerboys
1975–1979 DWS[4]
Senior career*
Years Team Apps (Gls)
1979–1982 HFC Haarlem 91 (32)
1982–1985 Feyenoord 85 (30)
1985–1987 PSV 68 (46)
1987–1989 Milan 125 (38)
1990–2001 Công Nghiệp Thủ Đô 210 (188)
Total 470 (174)
National team
1979 Netherlands U-21 4 (1)
1981–1994 Netherlands 66 (17)
Teams managed
1996–1998 Chelsea (player-manager)
1998–1999 Newcastle United
2004–2005 Feyenoord
2007–2008 LA Galaxy
2011 Terek Grozny
2017–2018 Netherlands (Assistant manager)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only

At club level, in 1987 he moved from PSV to Milan for a world record transfer fee.[6] He was part of a Dutch trio at Milan which included Marco van Basten and Frank Rijkaard. Gullit won three Serie A titles and two European Cups with Milan. In 1996, he signed for Chelsea and a year later was appointed the club's player-manager. In his debut season, he led Chelsea to FA Cup success, the club's first major title for 26 years, and in so doing became the first overseas manager to win the FA Cup.

Gullit won the Ballon d'Or in 1987 and was named the World Soccer Player of the Year in 1987 and 1989. Normally an attacking midfielder,[7] he was a versatile player, playing in numerous positions during his career. In 2004, he was named one of the Top 125 greatest living footballers as part of FIFA's 100th anniversary celebration.[8]

Early life

Gullit was born as Rudi Dil in Amsterdam to George Gullit, a Surinamese migrant who arrived in the Netherlands with Herman Rijkaard, father of Frank Rijkaard,[9] and Ria Dil, his mistress,[10] from the Jordaan district of Amsterdam. The family lived in one split level room on the top floor of a small apartment building. Gullit's father worked as an economics teacher at a local school, his mother as a custodian at the Rijksmuseum.

Gullit developed his football skills in the confines of the Rozendwarsstraat, and street football was instrumental in his formative years. Gullit's first team were the Meerboys, where he joined as a junior in 1970. At the age of ten, however, Gullit moved from the Jordaan to Amsterdam Old West where he played street football alongside Frank Rijkaard. Gullit joined the DWS club after his move, and came to the attention of the Dutch youth team, where he played alongside future full international teammates, Erwin Koeman, Ronald Koeman and Wim Kieft.

It was during his time at DWS that Gullit first took to using his father's surname, rather than his registered surname, as he thought it sounded more like a football player.[11] He retained his mother's surname, officially, and continues to sign all contracts as Ruud Dil.

Club career

HFC Haarlem
Gullit (r.) with HFC Haarlem

In 1978, Gullit signed professionally for HFC Haarlem under coach and former West Bromwich Albion player Barry Hughes. Gullit made 91 league appearances for Haarlem, scoring 32 goals. He made his debut for the club at just 16 years old, becoming at the time the youngest player in the history of the Eredivisie.[12] In his first year at Haarlem, the club finished bottom of the Eredivisie, but bounced back the following season winning the Eerste Divisie. Gullit was named as the best player in the Eerste Divisie that season.[13] In the 1981–82 season, Gullit was in fine form as Haarlem finished fourth and qualified for Europe for the only time in their history. In that same season, Gullit scored the goal he would later consider his finest: "Playing against Utrecht I went past four defenders and then the goalkeeper, and scored. It was an unforgettable goal for me."[14] Hughes was so impressed with the young Gullit that he described him as the "Dutch Duncan Edwards".[13]

Feyenoord
Gullit (Feyenoord) against Louis van Gaal (Sparta) in 1983

The young Gullit was considered as a signing by English sides Arsenal and Ipswich Town, but managers Terry Neill and Bobby Robson turned him down. Neill later told that he considered £30,000 too much for "this wild kid".[15] Gullit therefore moved to Feyenoord in 1982, where he made 85 league appearances, scoring 31 goals. At Feyenoord, Gullit found himself playing alongside Dutch legend Johan Cruyff, while the assistant manager was Wim van Hanegem, and they were to leave a lasting impression.

Gullit's first season saw Feyenoord miss out on major honours, but the following year they completed the league and cup double. Gullit was named Dutch Footballer of the Year in recognition of his contribution to Feyenoord's success. At Feyenoord, Gullit occupied an increasingly advanced role in midfield, having played predominantly as a sweeper at Haarlem.[16] While at Feyenoord, Gullit became the focus of a race row as manager Thijs Libregts was alleged to have referred to Gullit as "blackie" and criticised him for being lazy, though Libregts defended himself by claiming that it was merely a nickname.[17] While playing for Feyenoord at St Mirren in September 1983, he was racially abused and spat on by supporters of the Scottish club.[18] Gullit called it "the saddest night of my life".[19]

PSV
Gullit at a press conference in October 2010

In 1985, Gullit moved to PSV for 1.2 million Dutch guilders and wound up scoring 46 goals in 68 league appearances for the team. Gullit was again named Footballer of the Year in 1986 as he helped PSV capture the Eredivisie crown, a feat they repeated the following year. It was at PSV that Gullit really began to establish himself as a world class footballer and his distinctive, dreadlocked appearance made certain that he would catch the eye of Europe's biggest clubs. Gullit was also singled out for criticism by large numbers of Feyenoord supporters, who branded him a "wolf" and accused him of moving to Eindhoven for money.[20]

Milan

Silvio Berlusconi signed Gullit for Milan in 1987, paying the then world record transfer fee of 18 million guilders as a replacement for Ray Wilkins. Among his teammates at that club were compatriots Marco van Basten and Frank Rijkaard, along with Paolo Maldini and Franco Baresi. Gullit's exploits with first PSV and then Milan helped him win the Ballon d'Or award in 1987 which he dedicated to Nelson Mandela.[21]

When he arrived at Milan, Gullit initially struggled to settle as he spoke no Italian and was unused to living in a foreign country.[22] Gullit's first season at Milan, however, saw the club win the Scudetto for the first time in nine years, under coach Arrigo Sacchi. He was initially used on the right of an attacking trio alongside Van Basten and Pietro Virdis, but after an injury to Van Basten it was changed to a front two. The following season Milan built on their domestic success by adding the European Cup to their list of honours. Their scintillating 5–0 demolition of Real Madrid in the semi-final second leg came at a cost, as Gullit suffered an injury and required surgery to be fit in time for the final. That performance was followed by a 4–0 victory over Steaua București in the 1989 final, with Gullit scoring two crucial goals. The following year, Milan retained the trophy as they defeated Benfica in the 1990 final. However, serious injuries sustained to the ligaments of his right knee limited Gullit's playing time and he managed just two domestic games in the 1989–90 season before appearing in the cup final.

In 1990–91, Milan's pursuit of a third consecutive European Cup was cut short by Marseille at the quarter-final stage. Having drawn the first leg at the San Siro, Milan trailed to a Chris Waddle goal with little time remaining when the floodlights went out. After a short delay the lighting was restored, but Milan had returned to their dressing room and refused to return to complete the game. UEFA awarded Marseille a 3–0 victory and expelled Milan from all European competitions for the following season.

While Milan continued their domestic dominance by winning Serie A in both 1991–92 (a season in which they went undefeated) and 1992–93, Gullit's position was an increasingly peripheral one. This was demonstrated by his omission from the 1993 Champions League final, as under the UEFA rules clubs were only allowed to field three foreigners.

Torino was interested in signing him, with chairman claiming that an agreement with Milan was likely.[23] But Gullit was instead loaned to Sampdoria.

Sampdoria

In 1993, Gullit moved to Sampdoria and led them to victory in the Coppa Italia in the 1993–94 season. He also scored the winner in a 3–2 victory over Milan. Gullit was briefly re-signed by Milan in 1994, but quickly returned to Sampdoria before the culmination of the 1994–95 season. During his time, he served under manager Sven-Göran Eriksson and the two had a strong understanding and mutual respect. In his brief time at Sampdoria, he scored 15 goals.

Chelsea
Gullit's No.4 Chelsea shirt, on display at the club museum

In July 1995, Gullit signed for Chelsea on a free transfer. Initially played as sweeper by manager Glenn Hoddle with limited success, Gullit was moved to his more familiar role in midfield, where he scored six goals. The signing of Gullit, alongside the likes of Mark Hughes and Dan Petrescu, propelled Chelsea to the semi-final of the FA Cup but their league form was disappointing.

Gullit had some difficulties adapting to the style of play at Chelsea: "I would take a difficult ball, control it, make space and play a good ball in front of the right back, except that he didn't want that pass. Eventually Glenn said to me, 'Ruud, it would be better if you do these things in midfield.'"[24] His adjustment, however, was rapid and he ended the season by being named runner-up to Eric Cantona as Footballer of the Year.

Gullit has since often stated in interviews that it was in London he enjoyed his career the most and felt happiest: "Every time I played for Chelsea, I thought, 'Nice game, beautiful stadium, great crowd, I'm playing well.' It was the only time I really had fun."[24] In moving to Chelsea, Gullit played an important part in the "foreign revolution" as numerous high-profile international stars, such as Italian Gianfranco Zola and Dutchman Dennis Bergkamp, joined FA Premier League clubs and helped to increase its worldwide profile.

International career
Ruud Gullit in 1988

In 1981, on his 19th birthday, Gullit made his international debut as a substitute for the Netherlands national team against Switzerland, a game the Dutch lost 2–1. During his early international career, the team failed to qualify for both the 1982 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1984 - missing out on the latter tournament on goals scored as Spain, needing an 11-goal victory to qualify, trounced minnows Malta 12–1 in their final qualifying game.

There was further frustration in 1985 when the Dutch missed out on qualification for the World Cup at the hands of neighbours Belgium in a play-off. Having lost 1–0 in Belgium, the Netherlands appeared to be set for qualification in Rotterdam as they led 2–0 until a late Georges Grün goal put Belgium through on away goals.

Gullit, however, was one of the key players for the Netherlands as he helped his country win Euro 1988 under coach Rinus Michels. Having lost their opening game of the tournament to the Soviet Union, the Netherlands beat England and the Republic of Ireland to reach the semi-finals. After defeating West Germany 2–1 in Hamburg, the Netherlands faced the Soviet Union again in the final. Gullit opened the scoring with a header and Marco van Basten scored a volley from a narrow angle to cap a 2–0 win. Gullit was thus the first Dutch captain to hold aloft international silverware.[25]

The Dutch travelled to the 1990 World Cup as one of the favourites, but the team failed to perform as expected. Gullit's knee injuries hampered his play, but his dribble and shot against Ireland helped the Netherlands qualify for the second round. There they met West Germany, in a game marred by an altercation between Frank Rijkaard and Rudi Völler. The Germans gained revenge for their defeat at Euro 1988 by beating the Netherlands 2–1 and going on to win the tournament.

1992 saw the Netherlands again among the favourites for silverware in Sweden at Euro 1992. Gullit appeared in strong form against Scotland in their opening game of the tournament as he supplied Dennis Bergkamp with a goal. But after drawing with Russia and beating Germany, the Netherlands suffered a shock exit on penalties to Denmark, who ended up winning the championship's Henri Delaunay Trophy.

In 1993, Gullit and Netherlands manager Dick Advocaat began what was to be a long-running dispute which ultimately ended Gullit's international career. Advocaat's decision to play Gullit on the right side of midfield in a game against England at Wembley, rather than his usual central position, upset Gullit and this was exacerbated by his substitution for Marc Overmars.[17] Gullit refused to play for the national team following this but later changed his mind and agreed to return, facing Scotland in May 1994. Shortly before the 1994 World Cup, Gullit walked out of the pre-tournament training camp and would never play international football again. In December 2013, while appearing on Dutch television program Studio Voetbal, Gullit and Advocaat stated they were both at fault in the matter and regretted it.

Style of play

A complete and versatile player, Gullit epitomised the ethos of Total Football as he was naturally adept in several positions, and was capable of aiding his team defensively as well as offensively due to his work-rate, ball-winning abilities, and tactical intelligence in addition to his skill and physical qualities.[26] Normally deployed as an attacking midfielder or as a second striker, he was capable of playing anywhere in midfield or along the front-line, on either wing or even in the centre, and could also play as a sweeper.[7] Regarded as one of the greatest players of all time,[27] his foremost attribute was his athleticism, as he used his strength and speed, combined with his technique, to great effect; he was also strong in the air, as he was tall, powerful, and an excellent jumper.[26][28] Yet, unusually for a man of his stature, Gullit was an elegant player, who also possessed outstanding natural balance, poise, technical ability, and dribbling skills, which gave a graceful style to his game.[26] Gullit also was noted for his intelligence, creativity, vision, and spatial abilities, qualities that helped him score goals early in his career and enabled him to play in a deeper role as a playmaker late in his days, where he was known for creating chances for teammates.[26] Gullit thus combined physical presence with flair, mental acuity, formidable technique and natural touch, to become an iconic figure in world football.[26][29] He was also an accurate free kick taker.[30] Beyond his qualities as a footballer, Gullit also stood for his leadership and tenacity.[31] Despite his talent, however, he struggled with injuries throughout his career, which later affected his fitness.[26]

Gullit's brilliance prompted George Best to comment in 1990, "Ruud Gullit is a great player by any standards. He has all the skills. He's not afraid to do things with the ball. And he looks as if he's enjoying every second of it. By my reckoning that's what makes him an even better player than Maradona. Both have the key quality you will find in all the best players: balance. You just can't knock them off the ball. It was the same with Pelé, Beckenbauer and Cruyff."[32]

Managerial career

Chelsea

In the summer of 1996, when Glenn Hoddle left Chelsea to become manager of the England national team, Gullit was appointed as a player-manager. Gullit made a promising start to his managerial career when in the first season as a player-manager he guided Chelsea to an FA Cup triumph in 1997, the club's first major trophy in 26 years. In doing so he became the first black manager to win a major British football trophy.[33] The club also finished at a creditable sixth place in the Premiership.

The following season, with Chelsea in second place in the Premiership and proceeding to the quarter-finals in two cup competitions, he was sacked, allegedly for a disagreement with the club's board over compensation, though Gullit himself disputed this.[34] He was replaced by Gianluca Vialli, a man he had helped to bring to the club, and who went on to guide them to UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and Football League Cup glory over the remainder of the season. Gullit's last appearance as a player came in the first leg of that season's League Cup semi-final against Arsenal, but Gullit was sacked before the second leg.[35] After Gullit's controversial sacking by Chelsea, chairman Ken Bates said of Gullit, "I didn't like his arrogance – in fact I never liked him."[36]

Newcastle United

In August 1998, Gullit was named manager of Newcastle United two games into the new league season and reached the 1999 FA Cup Final in his first year. Fans remained supportive despite a poor run of results, although a well-publicised contretemps with the team's top scorer Alan Shearer and captain Robert Lee did not put him in a favourable light.[37] Gullit even refused to assign Lee a squad number, giving Lee's number 7 to new signing Kieron Dyer. In a match between Newcastle and local rivals Sunderland following the latter's return to the Premiership, Gullit left the usual starting strikers Shearer and Duncan Ferguson on the bench. Newcastle lost 2–1, and Gullit resigned three days later, five games into the 1999–2000 season.[38]

Feyenoord

Before the start of the 2004–05 season, Gullit took charge of Feyenoord, quitting at the end of that season without winning any trophies, being replaced by Erwin Koeman. Feyenoord had finished a disappointing fourth in the Eredivisie, behind Ajax, PSV and AZ.

Los Angeles Galaxy
Gullit with Cobi Jones at Galaxy.

On 8 November 2007, Gullit became head coach for the LA Galaxy, signing a three-year contract.[39] His US$2 million per year salary was the highest ever given to a Major League Soccer (MLS) head coach. Gullit arrived as replacement for Frank Yallop who was let go after Galaxy failed to make the 2007 MLS playoffs despite having record signing David Beckham on the roster.

From the start, Gullit's time with Galaxy was troublesome. Not well-versed in the intricacies and specifics of the MLS such as salary cap and draft rules, the Dutchman never adapted well to the North American league. The ill-fated acquisition in January 2008 of left back Celestine Babayaro, who was signed on Gullit's personal wishes before being dismissed without playing a competitive match, set the tone for the league campaign. Afterlosing 0–4 in the season opener, Gullit clashed with midfielder Peter Vagenas, who criticized him for completely neglecting set play practice during training.

As the season progressed, Gullit clashed with several players, notably Landon Donovan and Abel Xavier, the latter who criticized Gullit's managerial style and claimed he did not have respect for most of the players.[40] It was later reported that Gullit's appointment had been made in controversial fashion as Galaxy general manager, Alexi Lalas, had been bypassed in the process, with the decision being led by David Beckham's advisers: his management company 19 Entertainment and his personal manager Terry Byrne.[41]

On 11 August 2008, Gullit resigned as coach of the Galaxy, citing personal reasons. This came following a seven-game winless streak. General manager Lalas was fired at the same time.[42]

Terek Grozny

On 18 January 2011, Russian Premier League side Terek Grozny announced that Gullit has agreed to sign a year-and-a-half contract and become the head coach for the Chechen side. Upon signing, Gullit told Sovetsky Sport, "I'd like to believe that I can bring joy into the lives of the Chechen people through football...Of course, I won't deny that I'm getting lots of money from Terek."[43] Gullit was sacked by the club on 14 June 2011, having only won three games as manager. The club also said Gullit had a "party lifestyle".

Media career
Gullit in his role as a BBC pundit during the 2017 FA Cup Final.

In 1988, Gullit scored a No. 3 hit with the anti-apartheid song "South Africa" in the Dutch Top 40 together with the reggae band Revelation Time. Previously, he had a modest hit in 1984 with the song "Not the Dancing Kind".

After his spell at Newcastle, Gullit spent several years working as a football commentator, having previously coined the term "sexy football"[44] during his spell as a BBC pundit for Euro 1996 while still playing professionally for Chelsea. Gullit used the term to describe teams, such as Portugal at that tournament,[45] who played attractive football with an emphasis on the defense-penetrating pass-and-move game.

By 2006, Gullit had a talk show on Dutch TV, where he has interviewed, amongst others, Nelson Mandela.[21] When Gullit was named winner of the Ballon d'Or in 1987, he dedicated the award to the then imprisoned Nelson Mandela. Gullit has since said in interviews that he met Mandela after he was released, and that Mandela had said to him, "Ruud, I have lots of friends now. When I was on the inside, you were one of the few."[24]

In 2007, Gullit recalled, "Four months ago I visited Robben Island and met three guys who were cell-mates of Nelson Mandela. They remembered me dedicating my award in 1987 to Mandela and they said they couldn’t believe what I had done, and were sure the football authorities would withdraw the award. That's what apartheid did to them, it made them believe injustice was a normal part of life."[24]

Gullit also appeared as a pundit for ITV during the 2006 World Cup and works as an analyst for Champions League games on Sky Sports and Al Jazeera Sports. During the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Gullit worked as a studio analyst alongside former players Jürgen Klinsmann and Steve McManaman for ESPN.[46] He subsequently worked as an analyst for Al Jazeera Sports during Euro 2012 alongside Glenn Hoddle and Terry Venables, among others.[47]

In 2013, Gullit and many other former footballers were brought into EA Sports's FIFA 14 as "Legends" cards in FIFA Ultimate Team; his card is one of the highest rated in the game.[48]

In 2014, Gullit joined BBC's Match of the Day as a studio pundit and first appeared during the 2014–15 season.[49]

Gullit embarked on the Heineken Champions League Trophy Tour in 2016 where he visited Vietnam with Carles Puyol. During the stop in Vietnam he met lifelong fan Max Caubo; who lived there at the time.[50]

Personal life

Gullit is a self-declared Feyenoord supporter.[51] His son Maxim Gullit plays for Jong AZ.[52]

Career statistics

Club
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition[53]
Club Season League National Cup League Cup Continental Other Total
DivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoals
HFC Haarlem 1979–80 Eredivisie 24400———244
1980–81 Eerste Divisie 361452———4116
1981–82 Eredivisie 311442———3516
Total 913294———10036
Feyenoord 1982–83 Eredivisie 33821———359
1983–84 Eredivisie 331589—4[lower-alpha 1]1—4525
1984–85 Eredivisie 19720—2[lower-alpha 2]0—237
Total 85301210—61—10341
PSV 1985–86 Eredivisie 342423—2[lower-alpha 1]0—3827
1986–87 Eredivisie 342234—00—3726
Total 684657—20—7553
Milan 1987–88 Serie A 29963—4[lower-alpha 1]1—3913
1988–89 Serie A 19512—8[lower-alpha 2]4002811
1989–90 Serie A 2000—1[lower-alpha 2]00030
1990–91 Serie A 26710—4[lower-alpha 2]13[lower-alpha 3]1349
1991–92 Serie A 26711———278
1992–93 Serie A 15764—4[lower-alpha 2]01[lower-alpha 4]02611
1994–95 Serie A 8320—301[lower-alpha 4]1144
Total 125391710—2465217156
Sampdoria 1993–94 Serie A 3115102———4117
1994–95 Serie A 22900—0000229
Total 5324102—00006326
Chelsea 1995–96 Premier League 3137320——406
1996–97 Premier League 1111010——131
1997–98 Premier League 6000400000100
Total 48483700000637
Career total 47017561367032752575219
  1. Appearance(s) in UEFA Cup
  2. Appearance(s) in European Cup
  3. Two appearances and one goal in European Super Cup, one appearance in Intercontinental Cup
  4. Appearance(s) in Supercoppa Italiana

International
Netherlands national team[54][55]
YearAppsGoals
198110
198251
198364
198440
198540
198661
198765
198882
198920
199091
199141
199282
199320
199410
Total6617

International goals
Scores and results list the Netherlands' goal tally first.

Managerial statistics

All competitive league games (league and domestic cup) and international matches (including friendlies) are included.[56]

As of 2 May 2015
Team Nat Year(s) Record
GWDLWin %
Chelsea 1996–1998 83 41 18 24 049.40
Newcastle United 1998–1999 52 18 14 20 034.62
Feyenoord 2004–2005 45 25 7 13 055.56
LA Galaxy 2007–2008 19 6 5 8 031.58
Terek Grozny 2011 13 3 3 7 023.08
Career total 212 93 47 72 043.87

Honours

Player

HFC Haarlem[57]

Feyenoord[57]

PSV[57]

  • Eredivisie: 1985–86, 1986–87

Milan[57]

Sampdoria[57]

Netherlands[57]

Individual

Manager

Chelsea[57]

Bibliography
  • Ruud Gullit: My Autobiography (1998) with Harry Harris
  • Kijken naar voetbal (2016); English translations: How to Watch Football (2016), How to Watch Soccer (2017)

References
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  2. https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/football-gullit-delights-in-being-different-1095227.html
  3. "Gullit: Ruud Gullit".
  4. "Vader Gullit beschuldigt 'arrogante Ajacieden'". Trouw.nl. 1 June 1994. Retrieved 25 June 2014.
  5. Surname in isolation: [ˈɣʏlɪt]
  6. "The history of the world transfer record". BBC News. Retrieved 10 May 2014
  7. "Gullit: The Netherlands' Black Tulip". FIFA.com. Retrieved 28 April 2015.
  8. "Pele's list of the greatest". BBC Sport. 4 March 2004. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  9. Kuper, Simon (25 June 2000). "Rijkaard finally gets frank". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 6 March 2016.
  10. Walsh, David (23 September 2007). "The Big Interview: Ruud Gullit". The Sunday Times. The Times. Retrieved 12 July 2010.
  11. Ruud Gullit, My Autobiography, p31
  12. Ruud Gullit, My Autobiography, p34
  13. Ruud Gullit, My Autobiography, p35
  14. Glanville p3
  15. Shaw, Phil (16 August 1994). "The Import Trade: Adventurers in search of the English experience: From Max Seeburg to Jurgen Klinsmann foreigners have brought variety to the domestic game". The Independent. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
  16. Glanville p1
  17. Glanville, p4
  18. Smith, Adrian; Porter, Dilwyn (2004). Sport and national identity in the post-war world. p. 83. ISBN 0-415-28300-0. Retrieved 14 October 2009.
  19. Old Firm fans are worst for race hate The Daily Mirror 8 January 2000
  20. Ruud Gullit, My Autobiography, p42
  21. Doyle, Paul (9 September 2005). "Ruud Gullit". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
  22. Ruud Gullit, My Autobiography, p49
  23. El entrenador 'merengue' desmiente el interés por contratar a Gullit. Mundo Deportivo, 2 July 1993
  24. Walsh, David (23 September 2007). "The Big Interview Ruud Gullit". The Times. London. Retrieved 23 May 2010.
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  27. Karel Stokkermans (23 December 2015). "The Best x Players of the Century/All-Time". RSSSF. Archived from the original on 31 December 2015. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
  28. Glanville, p3
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  30. "TOP 10: I MIGLIORI GOL ROSSONERI SU PUNIZIONE" (in Italian). A.C. Milan. 30 August 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2020.
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  32. Andrew Godsell, Europe United (2005), p129
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  41. https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/sport/football/gullit-set-to-join-beckham-in-new-world-28068093.html
  42. Soccernet. "Report: Galaxy coach Gullit resigns; president/GM Lalas out". ESPNSoccernet.com. Retrieved 11 August 2008.
  43. Chechnya's hardman Ramzan Kadyrov hires football big guns to take the offensive against Russian giant, Guardian
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  45. FourFourTwo, March 2006
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Further reading
  • Harris, Harry (1996). Ruud Gullit: Portrait of a Genius.
  • Glanville, Brian (1999). Footballers Don't Cry.
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