Serpukhovian

Serpukhovian
	330.9 ± 0.2 – 323.2 ± 0.4 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Chronology
	Key events in the Carboniferous -360 — – -355 — – -350 — – -345 — – -340 — – -335 — – -330 — – -325 — – -320 — – -315 — – -310 — – -305 — – -300 — – P; a; l; e; o; z; o; i; c D C; a; r; b; o; n; i; f; e; r; o; u; s P M; i; s; s; i; s; s; i; p; p; i; a; n P; e; n; n; s; y; l; v; a; n; i; a; n L; D E; a; r; l; y M; i; d; d; l; e L; a; t; e E; a; r; l; y M; i; d L; a; t; e C; S Famennian Tournaisian Viséan Serpuk. Bashkirian Moscovian Kasimovian Gzhelian Asselian ← Carboniferous Rainforest Collapse ← Mazon Creek Fossils ← End of Romer's Gap ← Start of Romer's Gap Key events of the Carboniferous Period; Axis scale: millions of years ago
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	Not formally defined
Lower boundary definition candidates	FAD of the Conodont Lochriea ziegleri
Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)	Verkhnyaya Kardailovka, Ural mountains; Nashui, Luodian County, Guizhou, China;
Upper boundary definition	FAD of the Conodont Declinognathodus nodiliferus
Upper boundary GSSP	Arrow Canyon, Nevada, USA; 36.7333°N 114.7778°W
GSSP ratified	1996[1]

The Serpukhovian is in the ICS geologic timescale the uppermost stage or youngest age of the Mississippian, the lower subsystem of the Carboniferous. The Serpukhovian age lasted from 330.9 Ma to 323.2 Ma.[2] It is preceded by the Visean and is followed by the Bashkirian.

The Serpukhovian correlates with the lower part of the Namurian stage of European stratigraphy and the middle and upper parts of the Chesterian stage of North American stratigraphy.

Name and definition

The Serpukhovian stage was proposed in 1890 by Russian stratigrapher Sergei Nikitin and was introduced in the official stratigraphy of European Russia in 1974.[3] It was named after the city of Serpukhov, near Moscow. The ICS later used the upper Russian subdivisions of the Carboniferous in its international geologic time scale.

The base of the Serpukhovian is at the first appearance of the conodont Lochriea crusiformis. As of December 2020, no GSSP had been assigned to the Serpukhovian stage yet. The top of the stage (the base of the Pennsylvanian subsystem and Bashkirian stage) is at the first appearance of the conodont Declinognathodus nodiliferus.[4] It is also slightly above the first appearance of the foram Globivalvulina bulloides, genozone of the ammonoid genus Homoceras and the ammonoid biozone of Isohomoceras subglobosum.[5]

Subdivision

The Serpukhovian stage includes four conodont biozones:

Gnathodus postbilineatus Zone
Gnathodus bollandensis Zone
Lochriea cruciformis Zone
Lochriea ziegleri Zone

In Russian stratigraphy, the Serpukhovian is subdivided into three substages, from bottom to top: Tarusian, Steshevian, and Protvian, named after places near Serpukhov (Tarusa and Protva). In British stratigraphy, the Serpukhovian (lower Namurian) contains three substages. These are from bottom to top: Pendleian, Arnsbergian and Chokierian (only the lower Chokierian falls in the Serpukhovian, the top falls in the Bashkirian).[6]

Serpukhovian life

Cartilaginous fishes

Chondrichthyes of the Serpukhovian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Belantsea	Mississippian	Montana, United States	A petalodontiform holocephalian
Campodus	Carboniferous	Belgium	An eugeneodontid holocephalian
Chomatodus	Mississippian	Illinois, United States	A petalodontiform holocephalian
Diplodoselache	Mississippian	Scotland	A xenacanthiform elasmobranch
Falcatus	Mississippian	Montana, United States	A symmoriidan holocephalian
Stethacanthus	Late Devonian to Carboniferous	Montana, United States; Scotland	A symmoriidan holocephalian

Coelacanths

Actinistians of the Serpukhovian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Caridosuctor	Arnsbergian	Bear Gulch, Fergus County, Montana	A basal actinistian of the family Rhabdodermatidae.
Hadronector	Arnsbergian	Bear Gulch,Fergus County, Montana	A basal actinistian
Lochmocercus	Arnsbergian	Bear Gulch,Fergus County, Montana	A close relative of the contemporary and sympatric Hadronector
Polyosteorhynchus	Arnsbergian	Bear Gulch,Fergus County, Montana	A close relative of the contemporary and sympatric Hadronector

Tetrapodomorphs

Tetrapodomorphs of the Serpukhovian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Caerorhachis		Scotland	A genus of basal true tetrapod. Its placement within Tetrapoda is uncertain,
Spathicephalus S. mirus S. pereger		S. mirus: UK S. pereger: Nova Scotia, Canada	A genus of stem tetrapods in the group Baphetoidea

Reptiliomorphs

Reptiliomorphs of the Serpukhovian
Taxa	Presence	Location	Description	Images
Eoherpeton
Proterogyrinus

References

Lane, H.; Brenckle, Paul; Baesemann, J.; Richards, Barry (December 1999). "The IUGS boundary in the middle of the Carboniferous: Arrow Canyon, Nevada, USA". Episodes. 22 (4): 272–283. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1999/v22i4/003. Retrieved 23 December 2020.
Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.
Fedorowsky, J.; 2009: Early Bashkirian Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Donets Basin, Ukraine. Part 1. Introductory considerations and the genus Rotiphyllum Hudson, 1942, Acta Geologica Polonica 59(1), pp. 1–37.
Lane, H.R.; Brenckle, P.L.; Baesemann, J.F. & Richards, B.; 1999: The IUGS boundary in the middle of the Carboniferous: Arrow Canyon, Nevada, USA, Episodes 22(4), pp 272–283.
Menning, M.; Alekseev, A.S.; Chuvashov, B.I.; Davydov, V.I.; Devuyst, F.-X.; Forke, H.C.; Grunt, T.A.; Hance, L.; Heckel, P.H.; Izokh, N.G.; Jin, Y.-G.; Jones, P.J.; Kotlyar, G.V.; Kozur, H.W.; Nemyrovska, T.I.; Schneider, J.W.; Wang, X.-D.; Weddige, K.; Weyer, D. & Work, D.M.; 2006: Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China, and North America as used in the Devonian–Carboniferous–Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP 2003), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240(1-2): pp 318–372.
Heckel, P.H. & Clayton, G.; 2006: The Carboniferous system, use of the new official names for the subsystems, series and stages, Geologica Acta 4(3), pp 403–407.

Literature

Nikitin, S.N.; 1890: Carboniferous deposits of the Moscow region and artesian waters near Moscow, Trudy Geologicheskogo Komiteta 5(5), pp. 1–182 (in Russian).

External links

Carboniferous timescale at the website of the Norwegian network of offshore records of geology and stratigraphy
Serpukhovian, Geowhen Database
The Serpukhovian age, www.palaeos.com

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[1] Lane, H.; Brenckle, Paul; Baesemann, J.; Richards, Barry (December 1999). "The IUGS boundary in the middle of the Carboniferous: Arrow Canyon, Nevada, USA". Episodes. 22 (4): 272–283. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/1999/v22i4/003. Retrieved 23 December 2020.

[2] Gradstein, F.M.; Ogg, J.G. & Smith, A.G.; 2004: A Geologic Time Scale 2004, Cambridge University Press.

[3] Fedorowsky, J.; 2009: Early Bashkirian Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Donets Basin, Ukraine. Part 1. Introductory considerations and the genus Rotiphyllum Hudson, 1942, Acta Geologica Polonica 59(1), pp. 1–37.

[4] Lane, H.R.; Brenckle, P.L.; Baesemann, J.F. & Richards, B.; 1999: The IUGS boundary in the middle of the Carboniferous: Arrow Canyon, Nevada, USA, Episodes 22(4), pp 272–283.

[5] Menning, M.; Alekseev, A.S.; Chuvashov, B.I.; Davydov, V.I.; Devuyst, F.-X.; Forke, H.C.; Grunt, T.A.; Hance, L.; Heckel, P.H.; Izokh, N.G.; Jin, Y.-G.; Jones, P.J.; Kotlyar, G.V.; Kozur, H.W.; Nemyrovska, T.I.; Schneider, J.W.; Wang, X.-D.; Weddige, K.; Weyer, D. & Work, D.M.; 2006: Global time scale and regional stratigraphic reference scales of Central and West Europe, East Europe, Tethys, South China, and North America as used in the Devonian–Carboniferous–Permian Correlation Chart 2003 (DCP 2003), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240(1-2): pp 318–372.

[6] Heckel, P.H. & Clayton, G.; 2006: The Carboniferous system, use of the new official names for the subsystems, series and stages, Geologica Acta 4(3), pp 403–407.