Miaolingian

Miaolingian
	~509 – ~497 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Chronology
	Key events in the Cambrian -540 — – -535 — – -530 — – -525 — – -520 — – -515 — – -510 — – -505 — – -500 — – -495 — – -490 — – -485 — – N; ♇ P; a; l; e; o; z; o; i; c Ediacaran C; a; m; b; r; i; a; n O T; e; r; r; e; n; e; u; v; i; a; n; ; S; e; r; i; e; s; ; 2 M; i; a; o; l; i; n; g. F; u; r; o; n; g. Early O Fortunian; "Stage 2" "Stage 3" "Stage 4" Wuliuan Drumian Guzhangian Paibian Jiangshanian "Stage 10" ← Orsten Fauna ← Burgess Shale ← Kaili biota ← Archaeocyatha extinction ← Emu Bay Shale ← Sirius Passet biota ← Chengjiang biota ← First Trilobites ← SSF diversification, first brachiopods & archaeocyatha ← First halkieriids, mollusсs, hyoliths SSF ← Baykonurian glaciation ← Dresbachian extinction Major Glacial period Stratigraphic scale of the ICS subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.
Etymology
Name formality	Formal
Name ratified	2018[1]
Former name(s)	Cambrian Series 3
Usage Information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional Usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Epoch
Stratigraphic unit	Series
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	FAD of the Trilobite Oryctocephalus indicus.
Lower boundary GSSP	Wuliu-Zengjiayan, Guizhou, China; 26.0807°N 108.4138°E
GSSP ratified	2018[1]
Upper boundary definition	FAD of the Trilobite Glyptagnostus reticulatus
Upper boundary GSSP	Paibi section, Paibi, Hunan, China; 28.3895°N 109.5257°E
GSSP ratified	2003[2]

The Miaolingian is the third Series of the Cambrian period, and was formally named in 2018.[3] It lasted from about 509 to 497 million years ago and is divided in ascending order into 3 stages: the Wuliuan, Drumian, and Guzhangian. The Miaolingian is preceded by the unnamed Cambrian Series 2 and succeeded by the Furongian series.[4]

Definition

A number of proposals for fossils and type sections were made before it was formally ratified in 2018. The most promising fossil markers were seen to be the respective first appearances of either trilobite species Ovatoryctocara granulata or Oryctocephalus indicus,[5] which both have an age close to 509 million years ago.[4] After some deliberation, the FAD of Oryctocephalus indicus was chosen to be the lower boundary marker, and the GSSP was placed in Wuliu-Zengjiayan, Guizhou, China.[1]

The Miaolingian-Furongian boundary has the same definition as the Paibian stage. It is defined as the first appearance of Glyptagnostus reticulatus around 497 million years ago.[4]

Subdivision

The Miaolingian is subdivided into the following stages:[4]

Epoch	Stage	Age (mya)
Furongian
	Stage 10	489.5
	Jiangshanian	494
	Paibian	497
Miaolingian
	Guzhangian	500.5
	Drumian	504.5
	Wuliuan	509
Series 2
	Stage 4	514
	Stage 3	521

References

Yuanlong Zhao; Jinliang Yuan; Loren E. Babcock; Qingjun Guo; Jin Peng; Leiming Yin; Xinglian Yang; Shanchi Peng; Chunjiang Wang; Robert R. Gaines; Jorge Esteve; Tongsu Tai; Ruidong Yang; Yue Wang; Haijing Sun; Yuning Yang (June 2019). "Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the conterminous base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage (Cambrian) at Balang, Jianhe, Guizhou, China" (PDF). Episodes. 42 (2): 165–184. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2019/019013. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
Peng, S. C.; Babcock, L. E.; Robison, R. A.; Lin, H. L.; Rees, M. N.; Saltzman, M. R. (2004). "Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage (Cambrian)". Lethaia. 37 (4): 365–379. doi:10.1080/00241160410002081. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
http://www.stratigraphy.org/icschart/ChronostratChart2018-08.pdf
"GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Retrieved 15 November 2012.
Gozalo, Rodolfo; Álvarez, María Eugenia Dies; Vintaned, José Antonio Gámez; Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu.; Bauluz, Blanca; Subías, Ignacio; Chirivella Martorell, Juan B.; Mayoral, Eduardo; Gursky, Hans-Jürgen; Andrés, José Antonio; Liñán, Eladio (1 December 2011). "Proposal of a reference section and point for the Cambrian Series 2-3 boundary in the Mediterranean subprovince in Murero (NE Spain) and its intercontinental correlation". Geological Journal. 48 (2–3): 142–155. doi:10.1002/gj.1330.

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[Zhao2019-1] Yuanlong Zhao; Jinliang Yuan; Loren E. Babcock; Qingjun Guo; Jin Peng; Leiming Yin; Xinglian Yang; Shanchi Peng; Chunjiang Wang; Robert R. Gaines; Jorge Esteve; Tongsu Tai; Ruidong Yang; Yue Wang; Haijing Sun; Yuning Yang (June 2019). "Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the conterminous base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage (Cambrian) at Balang, Jianhe, Guizhou, China" (PDF). Episodes. 42 (2): 165–184. doi:10.18814/epiiugs/2019/019013. Retrieved 8 December 2020.

[2] Peng, S. C.; Babcock, L. E.; Robison, R. A.; Lin, H. L.; Rees, M. N.; Saltzman, M. R. (2004). "Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) of the Furongian Series and Paibian Stage (Cambrian)". Lethaia. 37 (4): 365–379. doi:10.1080/00241160410002081. Retrieved 8 December 2020.

[3] ttp://www.stratigraphy.org/icschart/ChronostratChart2018-08.pdf

[GSSP_Table_-_Paleozoic_Era-4] "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Retrieved 15 November 2012.

[Gozalo_2011-5] Gozalo, Rodolfo; Álvarez, María Eugenia Dies; Vintaned, José Antonio Gámez; Zhuravlev, Andrey Yu.; Bauluz, Blanca; Subías, Ignacio; Chirivella Martorell, Juan B.; Mayoral, Eduardo; Gursky, Hans-Jürgen; Andrés, José Antonio; Liñán, Eladio (1 December 2011). "Proposal of a reference section and point for the Cambrian Series 2-3 boundary in the Mediterranean subprovince in Murero (NE Spain) and its intercontinental correlation". Geological Journal. 48 (2–3): 142–155. doi:10.1002/gj.1330.