Shades of orange

In optics, orange has a wavelength between approximately 585 and 620 nm and a hue of 30° in HSV color space. In the RGB color space it is a secondary color numerically halfway between gamma-compressed red and yellow, as can be seen in the RGB color wheel. The complementary color of orange is azure. Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, and absorb mostly blue light.

Orange
 
Wavelength585–620 nm
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF7F00
HSV       (h, s, v)(30°, 100%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 127, 0)
SourceHTML Color Chart @30
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Varieties of the color orange may differ in hue, chroma (also called saturation, intensity, or colorfulness) or lightness (or value, tone, or brightness), or in two or three of these qualities. Variations in value are also called tints and shades, a tint being an orange or other hue mixed with white, a shade being mixed with black. A large selection of these various colors is shown below.

Wrapping the spectrum into a color wheel
Visible spectrum wrapped to join yellow and red in an additive mixture of orange

In a color proximity sense, a primary color has a color range of 120° (60° on each side of the color's hue) and any color has to be within that range to be considered a variation of that color. Secondary colors have a color range of 60° (30°), tertiary colors have a color range of 30° (15°), quaternary colors have a color range of 15° (7.5°), quinary colors have a color range of 7.5° (3.75°), and so on. Because orange is located at a hue angle of 30°, it has a tertiary color range of 15° and 45°, and any color out of this range is more related to yellow or red than orange. If the visible spectrum is wrapped to form a color wheel, orange appears midway between red and yellow:

Orange as a tertiary color on the RGB color wheel
  chartreuse
  yellow
  orange
  red
  rose

Orange (color wheel)
Orange (color wheel)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF8000
HSV       (h, s, v)(30°, 100%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 127, 0)
SourceHTML Color Chart @30
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is the color orange, also known as color wheel orange. This is the tone of orange that is a pure chroma on the HSV color wheel, the expression of which is known as the RGB color wheel, exactly halfway between red and yellow. The complementary color of orange is azure.

Computer web color oranges

Orange (web color)
Orange (web color)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFA500
HSV       (h, s, v)(39°, 100%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 165, 0)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is the web color called orange. It is defined in CSS as the hex triplet FFA500.

Dark orange (web color)
Dark orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF8C00
HSV       (h, s, v)(33°, 100%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 140, 0)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The web color called dark orange is at the right.

Aerospace and safety

Safety orange
Safety Orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF7900
HSV       (h, s, v)(28°, 100%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 121, 0)
SourceANSI Z535
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Safety Orange

#FF7900
#FF7900

A safety orange warning sign for road construction sites.
Main article: Safety orange

Safety orange (also known as blaze orange, and a number of other names) was defined in ANSI standard Z535.1–1998 and is commonly used in a wide variety of contexts to warn of hazards, including: high-viz clothing, road cones, and as the background color in safety warning notices.

International orange (Aerospace)
International Orange
(Aerospace)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF4F00
HSV       (h, s, v)(19°, 100%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 79, 0)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

International Orange
(Aerospace)
#FF4F00
#FF4F00

Main article: International orange

A shade of orange known as International orange is used in the aerospace industry to set objects apart from their surroundings, similar to Safety orange, but deeper and with a more reddish tone. It was the color used for the Space Shuttle pressure suits.

International orange (Golden Gate Bridge)
International Orange
(Golden Gate Bridge)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F04A00
HSV       (h, s, v)(18.5°, 100%, 94.1[1]%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(240, 74, 0)
SourceGGB
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The tone of international orange used to paint the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, California is slightly lighter than the standard International orange used by military contractors and in engineering (shown below), thus increasing its visibility to ships. The 25 de Abril Bridge in Lisbon, Portugal also uses this color.[2]

Additional definitions of orange

Orange (Pantone)
Orange (Pantone)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF5800
HSV       (h, s, v)(21°, 100%, 100[3]%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 88, 0)
SourcePantone TPX[4]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color that is called orange in Pantone.

The source of this color is the "Pantone Textile Paper eXtended (TPX)" color list, color #021 TPX—Orange.[5]

Orange (Crayola)
Orange (Crayola)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF7538
HSV       (h, s, v)(18°, 78%, 100[6]%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 117, 56)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color that is called orange by Crayola.

Orange was one of the original colors formulated by Crayola in 1903.

Other variations of orange

Khaki
Main article: Khaki (color)
Khaki
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#C3B091
HSV       (h, s, v)(37°, 26%, 76%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(195, 176, 145)
SourceHTML/CSS
ISCC–NBS descriptorGrayish yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Khaki is a type of beige, specifically a light yellowish tone of orange.

This is the color called khaki in HTML/CSS.

The first recorded use of khaki as a color name in English was in 1848.[7]

Papaya whip
Papaya Whip
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFEFD5
HSV       (h, s, v)(37°, 16%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 239, 213)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the web color papaya whip, a pale tint of orange.

Papaya cream with crème de cassis

Papaya whip is a representation of the color that would result if mashed papayas were blended with vanilla ice cream, whipped cream, or yogurt.

Peach
Main article: Peach (color)
Peach
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FFE5B4
HSV       (h, s, v)(39°, 29%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 229, 180)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color peach.

The colour peach represents the flesh of the peach fruit.

The first recorded use of peach as a color name in English was in 1588.[8]

Light orange
Light orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FED8B1
HSV       (h, s, v)(30°, 30%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(254, 216, 177)
SourceCrayola C.P.
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale orange yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)

Displayed at right is the color light orange.

This color was formulated for Crayola colored pencils.

Apricot
Main article: Apricot (color)
Apricot
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FBCEB1
HSV       (h, s, v)(24°, 29%, 98[9]%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(251, 206, 177)
SourceMaerz and Paul[10]
ISCC–NBS descriptorPale orange yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

At right is displayed the color apricot.

An apricot fruit

Apricot has been in use as a color name since 1851.[11]

Atomic tangerine
Atomic tangerine
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF9966
HSV       (h, s, v)(20°, 60%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 153, 102)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong yellowish pink
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color atomic tangerine.

This color was formulated by Crayola in 1990.

Atomic tangerine is supposed to be a fluorescent color, but there is no mechanism for showing fluorescence on a flat computer screen.

Xanthous
Xanthous
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F1B42F
HSV       (h, s, v)(41°, 80%, 95%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(241, 180, 47)
Source
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid orange yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The color xanthous is shown at right.

The color "xanthous" is derived from "xantho" (meaning yellow or golden), from the Ancient Greek ξανθός and "ous" (meaning full of), from the Latin adjectival suffix -ōsus.

Carrot orange
Carrots
Carrot orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#ED9121
HSV       (h, s, v)(33°, 86%, 93%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(237, 145, 33)
SourceMaerz and Paul
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Carrot orange is a tint of orange that is a representation of the color of the raw carrot vegetable.

The first recorded use of carrot orange as a color name in English was in 1684.[12]

Orange peel
Orange fruit and cross section
Orange peel
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF9F00
HSV       (h, s, v)(37°, 100%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 159, 0)
SourceMaerz and Paul
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color orange peel.

A discussion of the difference between the color orange (the color halfway between red and yellow, shown below as color wheel orange) and the color orange peel (the actual color of the outer skin of an orange), may be found in Maerz and Paul.[13] Orange peel is the color halfway between orange (color wheel) and amber on the color wheel.

Orange peel

The first recorded use of orange peel as a color name in English was in 1839.[14]

Princeton orange
Princeton orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#EE7F2D
HSV       (h, s, v)(26°, 85%, 96%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(245, 128, 37)
SourcePrinceton University
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The first recorded use of Princeton orange as a color name in English was in 1928.[15]

The color symbolizes Princeton University and is defined as Pantone 158.[16] The equivalent RGB values vary among sources. One such color, closely matching that used on the defining pages at Princeton, is shown at right.

UT orange
UT orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF8200
HSV       (h, s, v)(31°, 100%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 130, 0)
SourceUniversity of Tennessee[17]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

This shade of orange is unique to the University of Tennessee (UT), defined by the institution as Pantone 151, and is called UT orange. It is offered for sale by The Home Depot and licensed by the university. According to the university, this shade of orange is derived from the American daisy, which grew in profusion on the oldest part of the campus, The Hill. The University of Tennessee colors are UT orange and white, and are used across its various sports teams, advertising, and merchandise.

Spanish orange
Orange (G&S)
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#E86100
HSV       (h, s, v)(25°, 100%, 91%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(232, 97, 0)
SourceGallego and Sanz[18]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Spanish orange is the color that is called anaranjado (the Spanish word for the colour "orange") in the Guía de coloraciones (Guide to colorations) by Rosa Gallego and Juan Carlos Sanz, a color dictionary published in 2005 that is widely popular in the Hispanophone realm.

Tangerine
Tangerine
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F28500
HSV       (h, s, v)(33°, 100%, 95%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(242, 133, 0)
Source[19]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Tangerine fruit in a tree

The first recorded use of tangerine as a color name in English was in 1899.[20]

Coral
Coral
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF7F50
HSV       (h, s, v)(16°, 69%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 127, 80)
SourceHTML/CSS[21]
X11 color names[22]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The web color coral is a shade of orange. It is displayed at the upper right.

Orange cup coral

The first recorded use of coral as a color name in English was in 1513.[23]

Pumpkin

Pumpkin
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FF7518
HSV       (h, s, v)(24°, 91%, 100%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(255, 117, 24)
SourceMaerz and Paul[24]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
The Cucurbita upon which the color "pumpkin" is based.

Pumpkin is a color that resembles pumpkins.

The first recorded use of pumpkin as a color name in English was in 1922.[25]

Pumpkin or orange is used with black for Halloween decorations.

Saffron
Main article: Saffron (color)
Saffron
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#F4C430
HSV       (h, s, v)(45°, 80%, 96%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(244, 196, 48)
SourceMaerz and Paul[26]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Saffron fronds, derived from the saffron crocus

The first recorded use of saffron as a color name in English was in 1200.[27] It is considered as the most important colour in Hinduism. It is worn by the monks of the Theravada tradition.

Goldenrod
Main article: Goldenrod (color)
Goldenrods in rural Fountain County, Indiana.
Goldenrod
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#DAA520
HSV       (h, s, v)(43°, 85%, 85%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(218, 165, 32)
SourceX11
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the web color goldenrod.

The color goldenrod is a representation of the color of some of the deeper gold colored goldenrod flowers.

The first recorded use of goldenrod as a color name in English was in 1915.[28]

Hunyadi yellow
Hunyadi yellow
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#E8AC41
HSV       (h, s, v)(38°, 72%, 91%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(231, 172, 65)
SourceColorSwatches
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong orange yellow
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the web color Hunyadi yellow or Pear gold. It is represented on the Hunyadi coat of arms.

Giants orange
Giants orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#FE5A1D
HSV       (h, s, v)(16°, 89%, 100[29]%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(254, 90, 29)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

The color Giants orange is displayed at right.

This is the color that symbolizes, along with black and cream, the San Francisco Giants baseball team.

Persimmon
Persimmon
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#EC5800
HSV       (h, s, v)(22°, 100%, 93[30]%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(236, 88, 0)
SourceMaerz and Paul[31]
ISCC–NBS descriptorVivid reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
A ripe persimmon fruit

Persimmon is a color that resembles persimmons.

The first recorded use of persimmon as a color name in English was in 1922.[32]

Butterscotch
Butterscotch
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#E09540
HSV       (h, s, v)(32°, 71%, 88%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(224, 149, 64)
SourcePantone
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
Butterscotch pudding

Butterscotch is a color that resembles butterscotch.

Persian orange

Persian orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#D99058
HSV       (h, s, v)(26°, 59%, 85[33]%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(217, 144, 88)
SourceISCC-NBS
ISCC–NBS descriptorModerate orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Persian orange is a color used in pottery and Persian carpets in Iran.

The first recorded use of Persian orange as a color name in English was in 1892.[34]

Orange pudding (milk added to pureed oranges that is mixed in a blender with flour and slowly boiled on a stovetop) is colored Persian orange, assuming no food coloring is added. Allis-Chalmers tractors have been colored Persian orange since 1928 so that, even when caked with dirt, they could still be distinguished from landscape features.[35]

Alloy orange
Alloy orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#C46210
HSV       (h, s, v)(27°, 92%, 77[36]%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(196, 98, 16)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorDeep orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Displayed at right is the color alloy orange.

Alloy orange is one of the colors in the special set of metallic Crayola crayons called Metallic FX, the colors of which were formulated by Crayola in 2001.

Although this is supposed to be a metallic color, there is no mechanism for displaying metallic colors on a computer.

Burnt orange
Burnt orange
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#BF5700
HSV       (h, s, v)(27°, 100%, 75%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(191, 87, 0)
SourceUniversity of Texas at Austin[37]
ISCC–NBS descriptorDeep reddish orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Burnt orange has been used as a color name for this medium dark shade of orange since 1915.[38]

This color is one variation that is used as a school color of The University of Texas at Austin, Auburn University, and Virginia Tech.

Burnt orange is not a standard color; for example, it is defined differently by Auburn University[39][40] and the University of Texas at Austin.[37][41] The National Hockey League's San Jose Sharks use burnt orange as a secondary color,[42] and it is one of three colors of the National Football League's Cleveland Browns.[43][44] The Chicago Bears also use it as an alternate color.

Burnt orange was used by the University of Montana prior to 1996[45] and Oklahoma State University for its football uniforms from 1973 through 1983.[46]

Burnt orange was popular in interior design in the 1970s.

Burnt orange is also used to colour cylinders filled with the refrigerant R407C.

Tiger’s eye

At right is the color tiger’s eye.

It is named for the tiger’s eye gemstone, so named because its banding resembles the eye of a tiger. This color was formulated by Crayola in 1994 as part of the Gem Tones set.

Tiger’s Eye
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#B56917
HSV       (h, s, v)(31°, 87%, 71%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(181, 105, 23)
SourceCrayola
ISCC–NBS descriptorDeep orange
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)
Tiger’s eye stone

Brown
Main article: Brown
Brown
 
    Color coordinates
Hex triplet#964B00
HSV       (h, s, v)(30°, 100%, 59%)
sRGBB  (r, g, b)(150, 75, 0)
Source[Unsourced]
ISCC–NBS descriptorStrong brown
B: Normalized to [0–255] (byte)
H: Normalized to [0–100] (hundred)

Brown, although an independent color term, actually combines the orange hue (or close to orange) with low brightness. It can be described as an especially dark orange or, in painters' terminology, a deep shade of orange.

The first recorded use of brown as a color name in English was in about 1000 AD in the Metres of Boethius.[47][48]

See also

References
  1. "web.forret.com Color Conversion Tool set to hex code of color #F04A00 (International Orange (Golden Gate Bridge)):".
  2. "Frequently Asked Questions about the Golden Gate Bridge". Golden Gate Bridge. Archived from the original on 2015-08-10. Retrieved 2020-06-12.
  3. Forret, Peter. "RGB Color converter – toolstudio". Web.forret.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  4. Type the word "Orange" into the indicated window on the Pantone Color Finder and the color will appear.
  5. "- Find a Pantone Color – Quick Online Color Tool". Pantone.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  6. Forret, Peter. "RGB Color converter – toolstudio". Web.forret.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  7. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 197; Color Sample of Khaki: Page 49 Plate 13 Color Sample J7
  8. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw Hill Page 201; Color Sample of Peach: Page 41 Plate 9 Color Sample A5
  9. Forret, Peter. "RGB Color converter – toolstudio". Web.forret.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  10. The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called apricot in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color apricot is displayed on page 43, Plate 10, Color Sample 7F.
  11. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930—McGraw-Hill. See page 189 for year of first recorded use of color name reference and page 43, Plate 10 Color Sample 7F for color sample of Apricot.
  12. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 192; Color Sample: Carrot Orange Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample C11
  13. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930--McGraw-Hill--Discussion of color Orange, Page 170
  14. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 200; Colour Sample: Orange Peel Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample L10.
  15. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 202; Color Sample of Princeton Orange: Page 41 Plate 9 Color Sample K11
  16. "Color – Office of Communications". Princeton University. Retrieved October 28, 2013.
  17. "Our Palette". University of Tennessee, Knoxville–Office of Communications & Marketing. October 24, 2015. Retrieved October 24, 2015.
  18. Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guía de coloraciones (Gallego, Rosa; Sanz, Juan Carlos (2005). Guide to Colorations) Madrid: H. Blume. ISBN 84-89840-31-8
  19. Nikolaev, 8Bytes studio, Koshevoy Dmitry. Ukraine. "HEX color #F28500, Color name: Tangerine, RGB(242,133,0), Windows: 34290. – HTML CSS Color". Htmlcsscolor.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  20. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 205; Color Sample: Tangerine Page 27 Plate 2 Color Sample H11
  21. W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords. W3C. (May 2003). Retrieved on 21 September 2008.
  22. X11 rgb.txt Archived May 2, 2008, at the Wayback Machine. XFree86. (February 1994). Retrieved on 21 September 2008.
  23. Maerz, Aloys John; Paul, Morris Rea (1930). A Dictionary of Color. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company. p. 193.; color sample of coral: Page 27, Plate 2, Color Sample J10.
  24. The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called pumpkin in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color pumpkin is displayed on page 43, Plate 10, Color Sample H11.
  25. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 202; Color Sample of Pumpkin: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample H11
  26. The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called saffron in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color saffron is displayed on page 43 Plate 10, Color Sample K8.
  27. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color. New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 203; Color Sample of Saffron: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample K8
  28. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 196; Color Sample of Goldenrod: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample L5
  29. Forret, Peter. "RGB Color converter – toolstudio". Web.forret.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  30. Forret, Peter. "RGB Color converter – toolstudio". Web.forret.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  31. The color displayed in the color box above matches the color called persimmon in the 1930 book by Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill; the color persimmon is displayed on page 35, Plate 6, Color Sample E12.
  32. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; Color Sample of Persimmon: Page 35 Plate 6 Color Sample E12
  33. Forret, Peter. "RGB Color converter – toolstudio". Web.forret.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  34. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York:1930 McGraw-Hill Page 201; color sample of Persian orange: Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample F10
  35. Now called "Persian Orange No. 1" (Guy Fay, Andy Kraushaar, Original Allis-Chalmers, 1933–1957 2000:121; My Allis-Chalmers story
  36. Forret, Peter. "RGB Color converter – toolstudio". Web.forret.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
  37. "Color". University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  38. Maerz and Paul A Dictionary of Color New York: 1930—McGraw-Hill (see under Burnt Orange in Index, Page 191)
  39. "Official Colors". Auburn University. August 10, 2010. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  40. The shade of burnt orange used by Auburn University is RGB 221, 85, 12; HEX #DD550C.
  41. The shade of burnt orange used by the University of Texas at Austin is Pantone 159; CMYK 0, 65, 100, 9; RGB 191, 87, 0; HEX #BF5700.
  42. "Front Office Directory". San Jose Sharks. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  43. "Glidden Team Colors: 8-oz. #NFL-171A NFL Cleveland Browns Orange Interior Paint Sample". The Home Depot. Retrieved April 14, 2015.
  44. The shade of orange used by the Cleveland Browns is RGB 240, 93, 53.
  45. Moy, Chelsi (May 20, 2010). "UM President Dennison reflects on his legacy, MT". The Missoulian. Missoula, Montana. The Associated Press News Service.
  46. Killackey, Jim (November 3, 1984). "It's Official! OSU's True School Color Will Be "PMS 166' Other Orange – Hues Taboo". The Daily Oklahoman. Stillwater, Oklahoma.
  47. "brown, adj". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
  48. Maerz and Paul, Page 191
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