Testudinata

Testudinata is the group of all tetrapods with a true turtle shell. It includes both modern turtles (Testudines) and many of their extinct, shelled relatives (stem-turtles). Though it was first coined as the group containing turtles by Jacob Theodor Klein in 1760, it was first defined in the modern sense by Joyce and colleagues in 2004.[2][5] Testudinata does not include the primitive stem-turtle Odontochelys, which only had the bottom half of a shell.[5] A recent phylogenetic tree of Testudinata included Angolachelonia and Testudines as sister-taxa and subgroups of Testudinata.[6]

Testudinata
Temporal range: Late Triassic – Holocene, 210–0 Ma Possible Early and Middle Triassic records in the form of fossil tracks[1]
Skeleton of Proganochelys quenstedti, American Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Pantestudines
Clade: Testudinata
Klein, 1760[2]
Subgroups[3]

Classification

The cladogram below follows an analysis by Jérémy Anquetin in 2012.[5]

 
 

†Odontochelys

 
 Testudinata 
 

†Proterochersis

 
 

†Proganochelys

 
 
 

†Palaeochersis

 
 

†Australochelys

 
 
 

†Kayentachelys

 
 

†Indochelys

 
 

†Sichuanchelys

 
 

†Chengyuchelys

 
 

†Chuannanchelys

 
 

†Eileanchelys

 
 
 

†Heckerochelys

 
 

†Condorchelys

 
 
 
 

†Naomichelys

 
 

†Otwayemys

 
 
 

†Mongolochelys

 
 †Meiolaniidae 
 

†Niolamia

 
 
 

†Ninjemys

 
 

†Meiolania

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

†Kallokibotion

 
 

Testudines (modern turtles)

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

References
  1. Asher J. Lichtig; Spencer G. Lucas; Hendrik Klein & David M. Lovelace (2018). "Triassic turtle tracks and the origin of turtles". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 30 (8): 1112–1122. doi:10.1080/08912963.2017.1339037. S2CID 133893011.
  2. Joyce, Walter G.; Parham, James F. & Gauthier, Jacques Armand (2004). "Developing a protocol for the conversion of rank-based taxon names to phylogenetically defined clade names, as exemplified by turtles". Journal of Paleontology. 78 (5): 989–1013. doi:10.1666/0022-3360(2004)078<0989:DAPFTC>2.0.CO;2.
  3. Sterli, Juliana; Martínez, Ricardo N.; Cerda, Ignacio A. & Apaldetti, Cecilia (6 August 2020). "Appearances can be deceptive: bizarre shell microanatomy and histology in a new Triassic turtle (Testudinata) from Argentina at the dawn of turtles". Papers in Palaeontology: spp2.1334. doi:10.1002/spp2.1334.
  4. Gaffney, Eugene S. & Kitching, James William (1995). "The morphology and relationships of Australochelys, an early Jurassic turtle from South Africa". American Museum Novitates. 3130: 1–29. hdl:2246/3666.
  5. Anquetin, J. R. M. (2012). "Reassessment of the phylogenetic interrelationships of basal turtles (Testudinata)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 10: 3–45. doi:10.1080/14772019.2011.558928. S2CID 85295987.
  6. Evers, Serjoscha W. & Benson, Roger B. J. (2019). "A new phylogenetic hypothesis of turtles with implications for the timing and number of evolutionary transitions to marine lifestyles in the group". Palaeontology. 62 (1): 93–134. doi:10.1111/pala.12384.
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