The Ellipse

The Ellipse (sometimes referred to as President's Park South) is a 52-acre (21 ha) park south of the White House fence and north of Constitution Avenue and the National Mall in Washington, D.C. The Ellipse is also the name of the five-furlong (1.0 km) circumference street within the park. The entire park, which features monuments, is open to the public and is part of President's Park. The Ellipse is the location for many annual events.

The Ellipse
President's Park South
Aerial view of the Ellipse in 2007. The White House can be seen among trees in the upper center left.
Location within Washington, D.C.
LocationWashington, D.C.
Coordinates38°53′38″N 77°02′12″W
Area52 acres (210,000 m²)

History

In 1791, the first plan for the park was drawn up by Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant. The Ellipse was known as "the White Lot" due to the whitewashed wooden fence that enclosed the park.

During the American Civil War, the grounds of the Ellipse and the incomplete Washington Monument were used as corrals for horses, mules, and cattle, and as camp sites for Union troops.

In 1860, the Ellipse was the regular playing field for the DC baseball team the Washington Senators and was the site of the first game between the Senators and the Washington Nationals. In 1865, the Nationals hosted a baseball tournament with the Philadelphia Athletics, for which viewing stands were built and admission was charged.[1] Black baseball teams such as the Washington Mutuals and the Washington Alerts often used the White Lot until Blacks were banned from using the Ellipse in 1874.[2]

The Army Corps of Engineers began work on the Ellipse in 1867. The park was landscaped in 1879, and American Elms were planted around the existing portion of the roadway. In 1880, grading was begun and the Ellipse was created from what had been a common dump. In 1894, the Ellipse roadway was lit with electric lamps.

In the 1890s, Congress authorized the use of the Ellipse grounds by special groups, including religious meetings and military encampments. As late as 1990, baseball fields and tennis courts existed in the park. Sporting events and demonstrations are still held on the Ellipse. President's Park South came under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service in 1933.

The Ellipse, early 1900s

On Christmas Eve 1923, President Calvin Coolidge started an unbroken tradition by lighting the first "National Christmas Tree." The first tree, a cut balsam fir, was placed on the Ellipse by the District of Columbia Public Schools. From 1924 to 1953, live trees in various locations around and on the White House grounds were lit on Christmas Eve. In 1954, the ceremony returned to the Ellipse and with an expanded focus: the "Christmas Pageant of Peace." From 1954 through 1972, cut trees were used, but in 1973 a Colorado blue spruce from York, Pennsylvania was planted on the Ellipse. A replacement was planted in 1978.

On August 10, 1933, the Ellipse was transferred to the National Park Service, the legal successor of three federal commissioners appointed by the President under an act of July 16, 1790, which directed initial construction. Their authority developed through acts of May 1, 1802;[3] April 19, 1816; March 3, 1849; March 2, 1867; July 1, 1898; February 26, 1925; March 3, 1933; and Executive Order of June 10, 1933.[4] Under act of September 22, 1961, "the White House shall be administered pursuant to the act of August 25, 1916" and supplementary and amendatory acts. This NPS area was originally referred to simply as "The White House."

In 1942, during World War II, the National Park Service granted permission for the construction of barracks as a special emergency war-time measure. The temporary barracks were erected on the south side of the Old Executive Office Building and the entire First Division Monument grounds. The "White House Barracks" were demolished in 1954.

The Ellipse Visitor Pavilion, opened for visitors in May 1994, distributes free tickets for special events at the White House such as the Easter Egg Roll and the fall and spring Garden Tours. It includes an information window, concession area, restrooms, telephones, water fountains, and a first aid area, all accessible.[5]

Memorials

Events
Egg roll, 1929

Annual events on the Ellipse include the Christmas Pageant of Peace and formerly the "Twilight Tattoo" military pageant. From 1992 to 2005, it was the site for the commencement ceremony for The George Washington University.[8] It is also the queueing location for the annual White House Easter Egg Roll and the White House garden tours. Under the auspices of the National Park Service, the Capital Alumni Network and a number of neighborhood and military sports leagues play softball and flag football games on the grounds of the Ellipse. A number of ultimate competitions are also held by various groups throughout the warmer months.

On January 6, 2021, President Donald Trump delivered a speech to his supporters gathered around the Ellipse about Congress confirming the Electoral College votes following the November 2020 presidential election. The group then did as the President said and proceeded to the Capitol. They then rioted and stormed the Capitol.[9][10]

References
  1. Ceresi, Frank; Carol McMains (2003). "The Washington Nationals and the Development of America's National Pastime". Washington History. 15 (1): 26–41.
  2. "Smithsonian's Anacostia Community Museum Opens "Separate and Unequaled: Black Baseball in the District of Columbia"". Newsdesk: News Releases. Smithsonian Institution. April 28, 2008. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  3. "An Act to abolish the Board of Commissioners in the City of Washington and for other purposes. May 1, 1802 (page 175)" (PDF). Library of Congress.,
  4. "Executive Order 6166--Organization of executive agencies". www.archives.gov. National Archives. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  5. "Ellipse Visitor Pavilion Complex". President's Park (White House): Plan Your Visit: Operating Hours & Seasons. United States Department of the Interior: National Park Service. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  6. "Enid Haupt Fountains". President's Park. City Walking Guide. 2018. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
  7. (1)"Settlers (Original Patentees) of the District of Columbia Memorial near the Ellipse in Washington, D.C." dcMemorials.com. M. Solberg. 2013. Archived from the original on April 10, 2015. Retrieved January 4, 2018.
    (2) "Patentees Monument". National Society Daughters of the American Colonists. 2018. Archived from the original on January 4, 2018.
  8. "History of GW'S Commencement" (PDF). The George Washington University. 2017. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
  9. Haberman, Maggie (January 6, 2021). "Trump Told Crowd 'You Will Never Take Back Our Country With Weakness'". The New York Times. Retrieved January 7, 2021. [Trump] said his supporters should “walk down to the Capitol.”
  10. Dozier, Kimberly; Bergengruen, Vera (January 7, 2021). "Incited by the President, Trump Supporters Violently Storm the Capitol". Time. Retrieved January 7, 2021.
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