United States National Arboretum

The United States National Arboretum is an arboretum in northeast Washington, D.C., operated by the United States Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service. It was established in 1927 by an act of Congress[1] after a campaign by USDA Chief Botanist Frederick Vernon Coville.

U.S. National Arboretum
The National Capitol Columns originally supported the East Portico of the United States Capitol (1828–1958)
Location3501 New York Avenue, N.E. Washington, D.C. 20002
Coordinates38°54′37″N 76°58′02″W
NRHP reference No.73002122
Added to NRHPApril 11, 1973

It is 446 acres (1.80 km2) in size and is located 2.2 miles (3.5 km) northeast of the Capitol building, with entrances on New York Avenue, NE and R Street, NE. The campus' gardens, collections, and features are connected by roadways that are 9.5 miles (15.3 km) long in total.[2] In addition to the main campus in Washington, D.C., there are research locations at the Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agricultural Research Center in Beltsville, Maryland and in McMinville, Tennessee.[2]

The Arboretum functions as a major center of botanical research conducted by the USDA, including applied research on trees, shrubs, turf, and the development of new ornamental plants.[2] In addition to a library and a historical collection (archive), the institution also has an extensive herbarium of over 800,000 specimens documenting wild and cultivated plant diversity.[3]

History

The United States National Arboretum was formally established by an act of Congress on 4 March 1927.[1] The act authorized the creation of the arboretum on what was then called Mount Hamilton, but it did not actually appropriate any funding to make that happen.[4] That particular area was well-suited for the arboretum because it had varied soils and physiography, and no permanent buildings were then present.[4][5][6] Ten months later, President Calvin Coolidge signed a law appropriating $300,000 for the National Arboretum.[7] An initial 189 acres (76 ha) were purchased in 1928, with an additional 196 acres (79 ha) being acquired in 1934.[8] Additional land was purchased in 1938, 1948, and 1949 that, along with subsequent minor expansions, contributed to the Arboretum's current footprint of 446 acres (180 ha).[8][2]

On April 11, 1973 the U.S. National Arboretum was listed as a Category II Landmark in the National Register of Historic Places for its "importance which contributes significantly to the cultural heritage and visual beauty of the District of Columbia."[8]

Gardens and collections
Azalea Collections, U.S. National Arboretum
Bonsai persimmon presented to President Ronald Reagan by the King of Morocco in 1983. National Bonsai and Penjing Museum, U.S. National Arboretum

Major gardens
  • Asian Collections
    • Japanese Woodland, Asian Valley, China Valley, and Korean Hillside
  • Fern Valley Native Plant Collections
    • Woodland, prairie, and Southeastern Coastal Plain
  • Flowering Tree Collection
  • The Friendship Garden and Arbor House
  • Gotelli Dwarf and Slow Growing Conifer Collection
    • Gotelli and Watnong Collections
  • Introduction Garden
  • National Bonsai & Penjing Museum
  • National Grove of State Trees
  • National Herb Garden
    • Historic roses, Knot Garden, and themed gardens
  • Washington Youth Garden

Source:[9]

Single-genus groupings
National Herb Garden, U.S. National Arboretum
  • Azalea Collections
    • Glenn Dale Azalea Hillside, Morrison Garden, and Lee Garden
  • Dogwood Collection
  • Holly Collection
  • Magnolia Collection
  • National Maple Collection[10]
  • National Boxwood Collection[11]
  • Perennial Collections

Source:[9]

National Bonsai and Penjing Museum

The collections of the National Bonsai and Penjing Museum are found throughout the Japanese, Chinese, and North American Pavilions, as well as a conservatory.[9] The Mary E. Mrose Exhibit Gallery features season and rotating displays of bonsai as well as a collection of viewing stones.

Among the many bonsai accessions is a Japanese white pine cultivar, Pinus parviflora 'Miyajima', donated in 1975 by Masaru Yamaki to mark the United States' bicentenary. This tree was formerly in Hiroshima, Japan, and survived the atomic bomb dropped on that city in 1945. The tree has been "in training" since 1625.[12]

Non-garden features
Split Ritual by Beverly Pepper

The National Capitol Columns, a set of twenty-two Corinthian columns which were once part of the East Portico of the United States Capitol building from 1828 to 1958,[9] are located on a hilltop in the Ellipse Meadow. The foundation on which the columns sit is constructed from steps that were also originally at the Capitol. The columns were moved from storage to the Arboretum starting in 1988 and dedicated in 1990.

Ruins of the United Brick Corporation Brick Complex sit along the northwestern border of the Arboretum and can be easily viewed from the New York Avenue parking lot. The kilns and associated structures, which were acquired by the USDA in 1976, were added to the National Register of Historical Places in 1978. The site is not accessible to the public.

The U.S. National Arboretum is home to a pair of mated bald eagles named "Mr. President" and "The First Lady." The pair began nesting at the Arboretum in 2014; the first eagles to nest there since 1947.[13] An eagle "nest cam" sponsored by the American Eagle Foundation provides a livestream video feed of the nest during mating season.

A small collection of public artwork, including Split Ritual by American sculptor Beverly Pepper, can be found at the Arboretum. The piece is made of ductile iron and stands at 10 ft (3.0 m) H x 44 in (110 cm) W x 100 in (250 cm) D. It consists of four vertical pieces that resemble large tools. They are placed in a circle on top of a flat, doughnut-shaped foundation. The sculpture was dedicated in 1993.

  • Entry to the National Bonsai & Penjing Museum, U.S. National Arboretum
  • Reflecting pool, U.S. National Arboretum
  • Kurume azalea bonsai, U.S. National Arboretum
  • National Capitol Columns, U.S. National Arboretum
  • View of the U.S. National Arboretum from the Anacostia River

See also

References
  1. "69th Congress, Sess. II, Chap. 505" (PDF). Library of Congress. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  2. "Who We Are (About the Arboretum)". U.S. National Arboretum. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  3. "The U.S. National Arboretum Herbarium". U.S. National Arboretum. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  4. "Failure to Obtain Arboretum Funds Blow to Southeast: Citizens Hoped Bill Would Authorize Mt. Hamilton Area, Tucker Declares". The Washington Post. 7 March 1927. p. 7.
  5. "Nation to Have Arboretum on Plot Near Washington; Negotations [sic] in Progress for Purchase of Land For Great Garden Project". The New York Times. 7 April 1929. p. 15.
  6. "A National Arboretum". The Baltimore Sun. 12 May 1929. p. 16.
  7. "Coolidge Signs Bill Covering Deficiencies". The Washington Post. 23 December 1927. p. 20.
  8. "National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form". National Archives Catalog. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  9. "Gardens & Collections". U.S. National Arboretum. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  10. "National Acer Multisite Collection". American Public Gardens Association. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  11. "National Boxwood Collection". American Public Gardens Association. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
  12. Siddiqui, Faiz (2 August 2015). "This 390-year-old bonsai tree survived an atomic bomb, and no one knew until 2001". The Washington Post. Retrieved 10 April 2020.
  13. "National Arboretum Eagle Nest Cam". American Eagle Foundation. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
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