The Holocaust in Germany
The Holocaust in Germany was the systematic persecution, deportation, imprisonment, and murder of Jews in Germany as part of the Europe-wide Holocaust perpetrated by Nazi Germany. The term typically refers only to the areas that were part of Germany prior to the Nazi regime coming to power and excludes some or all of the territories annexed by Nazi Germany, such as Austria or the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia.
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Overall, of the 522,000 Jews living in Germany in January 1933, approximately 304,000 emigrated during the first six years of Nazi rule and about 214,000 were left on the eve of World War II. Of these, 160,000-180,000 were killed as a part of the Holocaust. On May 19, 1943, only about 20,000 Jews remained and Germany was declared judenrein.[1]
References
- "German Jews During The Holocaust, 1939–1945". USHMM. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
Sources
- Ericksen, Robert P. (2012). Complicity in the Holocaust: Churches and Universities in Nazi Germany. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01591-3.
- Gruner, Wolf (2005). "Local Initiatives, Central Coordination: German Municipal Administration and the Holocaust". Networks of Nazi Persecution: Bureaucracy, Business and the Organization of the Holocaust (1 ed.). Berghahn Books. pp. 269–294. ISBN 978-1-84545-163-9. JSTOR j.ctt9qd8kr.20.
- Gruner, Wolf (2014). The Persecution of the Jews in Berlin, 1933-1945: A Chronology of Measures by the Authorities in the German Capital. Berlin: Stiftung Topographie des Terrors. ISBN 978-3-941772-14-4.
- Löw, Andrea; Bergen, Doris L.; Hájková, Anna, eds. (2014). Alltag im Holocaust: Jüdisches Leben im Großdeutschen Reich 1941-1945 [Everyday Life during the Holocaust: Jewish Lives in the Greater German Reich, 1941–1945] (in German). Walter de Gruyter GmbH. ISBN 978-3-486-73567-3.
- Lutjens, Richard N., ed. (2019). Submerged on the Surface: The Not-So-Hidden Jews of Nazi Berlin, 1941–1945. Berghahn Books. ISBN 978-1-78533-455-9.
- Meyer, Beate; Simon, Hermann; Schütz, Chana (2009). Jews in Nazi Berlin: From Kristallnacht to Liberation. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-52159-6.
Further reading
- Gruner, Wolf; Aly, Götz; Pearce, Caroline; Mas, Dorothy; Heim, Susanne (2019). German Reich 1933-1937. The Persecution and Murder of the European Jews by Nazi Germany, 1933-1945. 1. Berlin and Boston: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-035359-4.
- Heim, Susanne; Pearce, Caroline (2019). German Reich 1938–August 1939. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-052638-7.
- Löw, Andrea; Pearce, Caroline (May 2020). German Reich and Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia September 1939-September 1941. Berlin and Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH. ISBN 978-3-11-052374-4.