WASP-6b

WASP-6b is an extrasolar planet approximately 600 light years away in the constellation Aquarius. It was discovered in 2008, by the WASP survey, by astronomical transit across its parent star WASP-6. This planet orbits only 4% that of Earth-Sun distance. The planet has mass half that of Jupiter, but its insolation has forced a thermal expansion of its radius over that of Jupiter.[1] The planet is an inflated Hot Jupiter.[1][2] Starspots on the host star WASP-6 helped to refine the measurements of the mass and the radius of the planet.[3]

Comparison of "hot Jupiter" exoplanets (artist concept).

From top left to lower right: WASP-12b, WASP-6b, WASP-31b, WASP-39b, HD 189733b, HAT-P-12b, WASP-17b, WASP-19b, HAT-P-1b and HD 209458b.
WASP-6b
Size comparison of WASP-6b with Jupiter.
Discovery
Discovered byGillon et al. (SuperWASP)
Discovery siteSAAO
Discovery dateApril 1, 2008
Transit
Orbital characteristics
Apastron0.0444 AU (6,640,000 km)
Periastron0.0398 AU (5,950,000 km)
0.0421+0.0008
−0.00013 AU
Eccentricity0.054+0.018
−0.015
3.361006+2.2e-6
−3.5e-6 d
Inclination88.47+0.65
−0.47
1.7+0.18
−0.22
StarWASP-6
Physical characteristics
Mean radius
1.224+0.051
−0.052 RJ
Mass0.503+0.019
−0.038 MJ
Mean density
364 kg/m3 (614 lb/cu yd)
0.886 g
Temperature1293

    Naming

    In 2019 the IAU announced that WASP-6 and its planet WASP-6b would be given official names chosen by school children from The Dominican Republic.[4][5] The planet WASP-6b is named Boinayel. Boinayel the god of rain that fertilizes the soil.[6][7]

    Orbit

    The study in 2012, utilizing a Rossiter–McLaughlin effect, have determined the planetary orbit is probably aligned with the equatorial plane of the star, misalignment equal to -11+18
    −14    °.[8]

    Atmosphere

    Observations with the Magellan Telescope in 2013 studied the transits in different wavelengths. The study observed a decrease in transit depth as a function of wavelength, characteristic of a scattering haze. No spectral features were detected.[9] A study in 2015 using Hubble Space Telescope and Spitzer Space Telescope data also found evidence of a scattering haze, but it found tentative evidence for sodium and potassium.[10] A study in 2015, using the Spitzer Space Telescope detected the eclipse of the planet behind the host star. The study found a dayside temperature of 1235+70
    −77     K (962+70
    −77     °C) and 1118+68
    −74     K (845+68
    −74     °C) for the 3.6 and 4.5 μm channels respectively.[11] A study from 2019 using data from ground based observatories, such as the Very Large Telescope and space telescopes, such as the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite analysed the atmosphere of WASP-6b. This study confirmed the presence of sodium and potassium in the atmosphere. The study also found water vapour in the atmosphere of the planet. The study came to the conclusion that despite the presence of a haze in the atmosphere of WASP-6b, the planet remains a favourable object for future atmospheric characterisation with missions such as JWST.[12][2]

    See also

    References
    1. Gillon; Anderson, D. R.; Triaud, A. H. M. J.; Hellier, C.; Maxted, P. F. L.; Pollaco, D.; Queloz, D.; Smalley, B.; et al. (2009). "Discovery and characterization of WASP-6b, an inflated sub-Jupiter mass planet transiting a solar-type star". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 501 (2): 785–792. arXiv:0901.4705. Bibcode:2009A&A...501..785G. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200911749. S2CID 53607680.
    2. Carter, Aarynn L.; Nikolov, Nikolay; Sing, David K.; Alam, Munazza K.; Goyal, Jayesh M.; Mikal-Evans, Thomas; Wakeford, Hannah R.; Henry, Gregory W.; Morrell, Sam; López-Morales, Mercedes; Smalley, Barry; Lavvas, Panayotis; Barstow, Joanna K.; Muñoz, Antonio García; Wilson, Paul A.; Gibson, Neale P. (2020). "Detection of Na, K and H2O in the hazy atmosphere of WASP-6b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 494 (4): 5449–5472. arXiv:1911.12628. doi:10.1093/mnras/staa1078. S2CID 208512858.
    3. Tregloan-Reed, Jeremy; Southworth, John; Burgdorf, M.; Novati, S. Calchi; Dominik, M.; Finet, F.; Jørgensen, U. G.; Maier, G.; Mancini, L.; Prof, S.; Ricci, D.; Snodgrass, C.; Bozza, V.; Browne, P.; Dodds, P.; Gerner, T.; Harpsøe, K.; Hinse, T. C.; Hundertmark, M.; Kains, N.; Kerins, E.; Liebig, C.; Penny, M. T.; Rahvar, S.; Sahu, K.; Scarpetta, G.; Schäfer, S.; Schönebeck, F.; Skottfelt, J.; Surdej, J. (2015-06-21). "Transits and starspots in the WASP-6 planetary system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 450 (2): 1760–1769. arXiv:1503.09184. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.450.1760T. doi:10.1093/mnras/stv730. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 119259011.
    4. "NameExoWorlds". 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
    5. "Naming". 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
    6. "Approved names". NameExoworlds. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
    7. "International Astronomical Union | IAU". www.iau.org. Retrieved 2020-01-02.
    8. Albrecht, Simon; Winn, Joshua N.; Johnson, John A.; Howard, Andrew W.; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Butler, R. Paul; Arriagada, Pamela; Crane, Jeffrey D.; Shectman, Stephen A.; Thompson, Ian B.; Hirano, Teruyuki; Bakos, Gaspar; Hartman, Joel D. (2012), "Obliquities of Hot Jupiter host stars: Evidence for tidal interactions and primordial misalignments", The Astrophysical Journal, 757: 18, arXiv:1206.6105, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/757/1/18, S2CID 17174530
    9. Jordán, Andrés; Espinoza, Néstor; Rabus, Markus; Eyheramendy, Susana; Sing, David K.; Désert, Jean-Michel; Bakos, Gáspár Á.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; López-Morales, Mercedes; Maxted, Pierre F. L.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew (2013-11-13). "A GROUND-BASED OPTICAL TRANSMISSION SPECTRUM OF WASP-6b". The Astrophysical Journal. 778 (2): 184. arXiv:1310.6048. Bibcode:2013ApJ...778..184J. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/778/2/184. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 34113793.
    10. Nikolov, N.; Sing, D. K.; Burrows, A. S.; Fortney, J. J.; Henry, G. W.; Pont, F.; Ballester, G. E.; Aigrain, S.; Wilson, P. A.; Huitson, C. M.; Gibson, N. P.; Désert, J.-M.; Lecavelier des Etangs, A.; Showman, A. P.; Vidal-Madjar, A.; Wakeford, H. R.; Zahnle, K. (2015-02-11). "HST hot-Jupiter transmission spectral survey: haze in the atmosphere of WASP-6b". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 447 (1): 463–478. arXiv:1411.4567. Bibcode:2015MNRAS.447..463N. doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2433. ISSN 0035-8711. S2CID 12031486.
    11. Kammer, Joshua A.; Knutson, Heather A.; Line, Michael R.; Fortney, Jonathan J.; Deming, Drake; Burrows, Adam; Cowan, Nicolas B.; Triaud, Amaury H. M. J.; Agol, Eric; Desert, Jean-Michel; Fulton, Benjamin J.; Howard, Andrew W.; Laughlin, Gregory P.; Lewis, Nikole K.; Morley, Caroline V.; Moses, Julianne I.; Showman, Adam P.; Todorov, Kamen O. (September 2015). "Spitzer Secondary Eclipse Observations of Five Cool Gas Giant Planets and Empirical Trends in Cool Planet Emission Spectra". Astrophysical Journal. 810 (2): 118. arXiv:1508.00902. Bibcode:2015ApJ...810..118K. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/118. ISSN 0004-637X. S2CID 13378720.
    12. waspplanets (2019-12-08). "The atmosphere of the inflated hot Jupiter WASP-6b". WASP Planets. Retrieved 2020-01-01.
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