Winchester, Massachusetts

The land on which Winchester now sits was purchased from Native Americans by representatives of the settlement of Charlestown in 1639, and the area was first settled by Europeans in 1640. In the early years of the settlement, the area was known informally as Waterfield, a reference to its many ponds and to the river which bisected the central village. In its second century, the area was referred to as Black Horse Village, after the busy tavern and hostelry in its center.

Until the middle of the 19th century, parts of Arlington, Medford, Cambridge, and Woburn comprised what is now Winchester. The movement toward incorporation of what, by this time, was called South Woburn was likely precipitated by the rise of the Whig Party in Massachusetts (History of Winchester, Massachusetts by H. S. Chapman and Bruce W. Stone, 1936, 1975).

The Whigs sought to split a new jurisdiction away from heavily Democratic Woburn and found enough supporters in the burgeoning village to organize a movement toward incorporation. Representatives of the planned new town selected the name Winchester in recognition of Colonel William P. Winchester of nearby Watertown, who pledged $3,000 toward the construction of the first town hall. Upon the signature of then Governor Briggs, the town of Winchester was officially incorporated on April 30, 1850. Colonel Winchester did not live to visit the town that had honored his family name. He succumbed to typhoid fever within months of its incorporation.

The town's early growth paralleled improvements in transportation. Prior to incorporation, the Middlesex Canal, linking the Merrimack River to Boston, was completed through then Waterfield. It flourished from 1803 to 1836, until the Boston and Lowell Railroad completed a line which neatly bisected the town and provided it with two stations. Able to deliver passengers as well as goods, the railroad soon bankrupted the canal and spurred more people to move to the area. The first church was built in 1840, the Post Office followed in 1841, and soon after incorporation town schools were started. Industries small and large followed, including the Beggs and Cobb tannery and the Winn Watch Hand factory which would operate well into the 20th century.

By the time of the Civil War, to which Winchester lent many citizens, the need for a municipal water supply became apparent. Engineers convinced a skeptical public to fund a dam in the highlands to the east of town. The structure blocked the creek which flowed from the Middlesex Fells and produced the first of three reservoirs which continue to provide clear water today.

In the early 20th century, growth continued apace as Winchester evolved from its agri-industrial roots into the bedroom community it is today. A rich mix of immigrants—the Irish in the northern and eastern neighborhoods, a smattering of African-Americans who flocked to the New Hope Baptist Church in the highlands, and finally Italians who came to work in the westside farms and live in the "Plains" to the east—complemented Winchester's Yankee forebears.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 6.3 square miles (16.3 km²), of which 6.0 square miles (15.6 km²) is land and 0.2 square miles (0.6 km²) is water. The total area is 3.97% water.

The town is roughly bisected by a central valley which is the remnant of the original course of the Merrimack River. After glacial debris effectively rerouted the Merrimack north to its current location, all that remained of its original course through present day Winchester is the Aberjona River and the several ponds it feeds en route to the Mystic Lakes on Winchester's southern border.

On its eastern third, the valley rises steeply into the wooded hills of the Middlesex Fells Reservation, in which lie the North, Middle, and South Reservoirs. The western edge of the valley yields to Arlington and Lexington heights, and the boundaries with those two towns. To the north, the town's longest border is shared with Woburn.

Winchester has several major bodies of water, including the Mystic Lakes, Wedge Pond, Winter Pond, and the Aberjona River, as well as several minor bodies of water such as Sucker Brook and Sachem Swamp.

Winchester borders the towns of Woburn, Stoneham, Medford, Arlington, and Lexington.

As of the census[11] of 2010, there were 21,382 people, 7,647 households, and 5,785 families residing in the town. The population density was 3,394.6 people per square mile (1,312.0/km²). There were 7,988 housing units at an average density of 1,267.9 per square mile (490.1/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 87.1% White, 9.3% Asian, 1.0% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.4% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.9% of the population.

There were 7,647 households, of which 40.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.7% were married couples living together, 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.3% were non-families. 21.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.75 and the average family size was 3.26.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.7% under the age of 18 and 16.2% over the age of 65. The median age was 42.7 years. The population was 52.3% female and 47.7% male.

According to a 2008 estimate,[12] the median income for a household in the town was $125,952, and the median income for a family was $200,000+. Males had a median income of $100,000+ versus $70,847 for females. The per capita income for the town was $68,479. The median home value was $838,420, compared to a U.S. average of $180,000. About 1.3% of families and 2.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under the age of 18 and 2.3% ages 65 or older.

Overall Winchester is safe with crime well below the U.S. average. The most common crime is property crime, with 62 burglaries reported in 2010. Violent crimes are very low, with five murders and five rapes reported in 10 years.[13]

Winchester was ranked number 86 on the Bloomberg list of America's 100 Richest Places with an average household income of $204,878 in 2016.[14]

Train at the Winchester MBTA station in October 2008, between the Town Hall and the First Congregational Church.

Winchester has two "Zone 1" stops on the MBTA Commuter Rail Lowell Line: Wedgemere and Winchester Center. The stops are within easy walking distance of one another. The Lowell Line runs from Lowell to Boston's North Station, where one can connect with the "T", Boston's subway system. Nearby Anderson Regional Transportation Center off I-93 (Commerce Way exit) holds a stop for Amtrak's Downeaster train, going through New Hampshire, and terminating in Brunswick, Maine. While this train runs through Winchester, it does not stop at either of the town's two train stations.

There are bus lines going through Winchester to nearby communities such as Medford, Arlington, and Cambridge. Bus route No. 134 runs between North Woburn and Wellington Station on the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority's (MBTA) Orange Line in Medford. Bus route No. 350 runs from the Burlington Mall to Alewife station in Cambridge on the MBTA's Red Line. A commuter express bus runs from Cummings Park in Woburn to Boston during rush hours. Anderson Regional Transportation Center also has the Logan Express shuttle bus service to Boston's Logan Airport every 30 minutes, and a paid shuttle service to Manchester New Hampshire Airport (reservations required in advance)

In December 2010 Winchester was among 18 Massachusetts communities to earn the "Green Community" designation by the Massachusetts Department of Energy Resources (bringing the total number of green communities in the state up to 53).[23] In 2011 Winchester was selected as one of four communities to participate in the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) Solarize MASS pilot program.[24] The program provided incentives to home owners to install rooftop solar electric systems. During that year, 35 residents contracted to have solar systems installed, resulting in 165 kW of solar installations. Most recently, in July 2014, Winchester received a $250,000 Green Communities Grant[25] which helped to offset the cost of installing 1668 cobra-head LED street lights. It is estimated that the LED streetlight conversion will reduce the town's electricity costs by $50,000 each year.

Across the Main Street bypass from the high school sits the Jenks Community Center,[26] which offers programs for seniors and other age groups. Wedge Pond, home to Borggaard Beach and Splash Park, is a popular swimming spot which is continually monitored to ensure safe water quality levels. And every year, as for over a century, thousands of fans attend the annual Thanksgiving Day football contest between Winchester High School and its long-time traditional rival, Woburn.

Several private entities provide recreational opportunities for local townsfolk. Founded in 1900 as a canoe club, the Winchester Boat Club serves locals wishing to sail casually or competitively on the Mystic Lakes. In the summer, it is a popular meeting place for local families and their children. The Winchester Country Club—located in the Myopia Hill neighborhood—offers an 18-hole course open to member and named after the Myopia Club based there in the late 19th century.

Winchester's town government of Selectmen and Town Meeting members has remained essentially unchanged for most of its existence, until the renaming of the Board of Selectmen to the Select Board in 2018. A 1970s survey listed Winchester as "one of the top fifteen suburbs" in the nation (Ladies Home Journal, August 1975).

The town is part of the Massachusetts Senate's 2nd Middlesex district.

In 2008, Winchester voted 59% for Democrat Barack Obama and 39% for Republican John McCain.[27]

Comparatively, in 2012, Winchester voted 55% for Democrat Barack Obama and 44% for Republican former governor Mitt Romney.[28]

In the 2010 United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, Winchester voted 51% for Republican Scott Brown and 48% for Democrat Martha Coakley.[29]

In the 2012 United States Senate election, Winchester voted 52% for Republican Scott Brown and 48% for Democrat Elizabeth Warren.[30]

In the 2016 United States Presidential Election, Winchester voted 68% for Democrat Hillary Clinton and 32% for Republican Donald Trump.

In the 2018 Massachusetts gubernatorial election, Winchester voted 71% for incumbent Republican Charlie Baker and 29% for Democrat Jay Gonzalez.

• Middlesex Fells Reservation
• Wright-Locke Farm
• John Mason House
• Sanborn House

Winchester is the sister city of St. Germain-en-Laye, France.

• Kirk Minihane, former Boston radio host, current Barstool Sports podcast host
• Edwin Ginn (until 1914), founder of Ginn and Company world's largest text book publisher, Athenaeum Press, and World Peace Foundation. The original owner of the Rangeley Estate House.
• Lars Ahlfors, mathematician and Fields Medalist[31]
• Joe Bellino, Heisman Trophy winning football player at the United States Naval Academy[32]
• Bob Bigelow, retired NBA basketball player[33]
• Robert A. Brown, President of Boston University[34]
• Fischer Black, mathematician and economist
• Anthony Carrigan, actor most recently known for his role as North Hollywood Henry in the HBO series Barry
• Nicholas Christopher, theater performer
• Allan McLeod Cormack, one of the recipients of the 1979 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine[35]
• General John M. Corse, hero of Southern campaigns in the Civil War[36]
• Glen Doherty, former United States Navy SEAL and CIA contractor killed during the 2012 Benghazi attack of the US Embassy. Portrayed by Toby Stephens in 13 Hours: The Secret Soldiers of Benghazi
• Janet Doub Erickson, co-founder of the Blockhouse of Boston, artist, and author. Her grandfather William McIntosh was Winchester's first chief of police.
• Edward Everett, President of Harvard University, Governor of Massachusetts, and Ambassador to Britain[37]
• Jon Favreau, speechwriter for President Barack Obama[38]
• Vic Firth, musician, Creator of Vic Firth drumsticks[39]
• Edward Gelsthorpe, (1923–2009), marketing executive known as "Cranapple Ed" for his best-known product launch[40]
• Brian A. Joyce, politician and lawyer
• Kim Khazei, anchorwoman, WHDH-TV[41][42]
• Louise Le Baron (née Shepherd), contralto
• Ed Leslie, former WWF wrestler, and some-time tag team partner of fellow wrestler Hulk Hogan[43]
• Jason Lewis, legislator serving in the Massachusetts House of Representatives
• Julia Marino, an American-raised Paraguayan freestyle skiing athlete and the first Winter Olympian to represent Paraguay[44]
• Stephanie McCaffrey, professional soccer player for the Boston Breakers and the United States Women's National Team
• Samuel W. McCall, ten-time United States congressman and three-time Governor of Massachusetts[45]
• Mark A. Milley, Chairmen of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
• Glen Murray, NHL player for Boston Bruins[46]
• Laurence Owen, national skating champion whose career was cut short by the plane crash that wiped out the national team in 1961[47]
• Mike Pagliarulo, ex-pro baseball player for the Minnesota Twins and New York Yankees[48]
• Jay Pandolfo, NHL player[49]
• Harry Parker, Olympic rower/coach and current coach of Harvard crew[50]
• Richard Phillips, American merchant mariner who served as captain of the MV Maersk Alabama during its hijacking by Somali pirates in April 2009. Portrayed by Tom Hanks in the 2013 film Captain Phillips.
• Bjorn Poonen, mathematician[51]
• John Quinlan, champion bodybuilder and professional wrestler[52]
• Paul Reid, journalist and bestselling author, co-author of The Last Lion: Winston Spencer Churchill.
• Alison Hersey Risch, USA Field Hockey Hall of Fame inaugural induction class of 1988, List of National Lacrosse Hall of Fame members induction 2003, Captain US Women's Lacrosse team 1964–1070, WHS class of 1954 (HOF 1995)
• Hartley Rogers, Jr., mathematician[53]
• Alicia Sacramone, ten-time Gymnastics World Championships medalist and 2008 Olympic silver medalist[54]
• Ed Sandford, Forward for Boston Bruins, and briefly captain of the team.
• Kofi Asubotange (Kofi Nahaje Sarkodie-Mensah), professional wrestler signed to WWE under the ring name Kofi Kingston
• Richard R. Schrock, one of the recipients of the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry[55]
• Herrick Stevenson, journalist and writer[56]
• Claude Shannon, engineer and information theorist[57]
• Harry Sinden, former GM and coach of the Boston Bruins[58]
• Whitney Smith, founder of the North American Vexillological Association and designer of the flag of Guyana[59]
• Pitirim Sorokin, Russian-American sociologist and an academic and political activist in Russia
• Dan Spang, professional ice hockey defenseman[60]
• Richard Stoltzman, clarinetist[61]
• Max Tegmark, cosmologist
• Maribel Vinson, 9-time national champion figure skater
• Brad Whitford of Aerosmith[62]
• Brian Wilson, baseball relief pitcher[63]
• Rand Pecknold, Quinnipiac men's ice hockey coach and 500-game winner in NCAA Ice Hockey
• Corey Kluber - Major League Baseball pitcher, nicknamed "Klubot," lives in Winchester during the off-season.
• John Cazale- Actor. Fredo from The Godfather

1. History of Winchester, Massachusetts by H.S. Chapman and Bruce W. Stone (1936, 1975)
2. Ladies Home Journal, Aug. 1975

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Winchester, Massachusetts.

• "Winchester, Mass." . The New Student's Reference Work . 1914. p. 9092.
• "Winchester" . Encyclopædia Britannica. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 706.
• Town of Winchester official website
• Winchester Public Schools
• Winchester Historical Society
• Winchester community site
• WinCAM, Winchester Community Access & Media
• Rotary Club of Winchester
• 1871 Atlas of Massachusetts. by Wall & Gray. Map of Massachusetts. Map of Middlesex County.
• History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts, Volume 1 (A-H), Volume 2 (L-W) compiled by Samuel Adams Drake, published 1879–1880. 572 and 505 pages. Winchester article by Edwin A. Wadliegh in volume 2 pages 506–525.