Wind power in Hawaii
Wind power in Hawaii has the potential to provide all of the electricity generation in the electricity sector in Hawaii. The 114 commercial wind turbines in the state have a total capacity of 206 MW. In 2015, wind turbines produced 6.4% of Hawaii's electricity.[1]:2 In 2017, sources of renewable power were:[2] In 2012, Hawaii generated 367 million kWh from wind power.[3]
Hawaii began research into wind power in the mid-1980s with a 340 kW turbine on Maui, and the 2.3MW Lalamilo Wells wind farm on Oahu and the 9MW Kamaoa wind farm on the Big Island of Hawaii .[4] The MOD-5B, a 3.2MW wind turbine, on Oahu was the largest in the world in 1987. These early examples were all out of service by 2010.
Notable projects
- Auwahi Wind Farm, 21 MW
- Kaheawa Wind Power, 51 MW
- Kahuku Wind Farm, 30 MW
- Kawailoa Wind Farm, 69 MW
- Hawi Wind Farm, 10.6 MW
- Pakini Nui Wind Farm, 21 MW
Planned wind farms
Former wind farms
- Kamaoa Wind Farm, 9.3 MW, in use 1987-2006
- Lalamilo Wind Farm, 2.3 MW, in use 1986-2010
Potential
Hawaii has the potential to install 3,000 MW of wind power, capable of generating 12,000 million kWh/year with 80 meter hub heights operating at 30% capacity factor or more.[9] Hawaii used 9,962 million kWh in 2011, so Hawaii has the potential to generate all electricity used in the state from wind and solar power,[10] with 15,000 million kWh/year from concentrated solar power plants. In addition, Hawaii has the potential to generate 2,800,000 million kWh/year from offshore wind power.[11] Authorities approved feasibility in 2016 for 3 companies looking at floating wind turbines up to 400 MW.[12][13]
See also
References
- "Hawaii - State Energy Profile Overview - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". www.eia.gov. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
- "2017 Energy Facts and Figures" (PDF). energy.hawaii.gov. June 2018.
- Electric Power Monthly February 2013 Table 1.17.B.
- Wind Energy, Hawaiian Electric Company, 2013
- "Department of Land and Natural Resources | 05/18/18 – Na Pua Makani Wind Project Given The Go Ahead By The State Land Board; North Shore Facility Planned with Eight Turbines". dlnr.hawaii.gov. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- California company plans to build $13M wind farm on Hawaii's Big Island, Duane Shimogawa, Pacific Business News, June 23, 2014
- "Wind Powering America: Installed U.S. Wind Capacity and Wind Project Locations". U.S. Department of Energy. 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
- WINDExchange: U.S. Installed and Potential Wind Power Capacity and Generation
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (February 4, 2010). "State wind energy potential (2010) spreadsheet". U.S. Department of Energy. Retrieved November 14, 2012.
- Electric Power Monthly February 2012 Table 5.4.B.
- "Renewable Energy Technical Potential | Geospatial Data Science | NREL". www.nrel.gov. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- "Statoil floats Hawaii offshore bid". reNEWS - Renewable Energy News. October 6, 2016. Retrieved June 9, 2018.
- "WINDExchange: Wind Energy in Hawaii". windexchange.energy.gov.
External links
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