1738 in Canada

• French Monarch: Louis XV
• British and Irish Monarch: George II

• Smallpox strikes the Cherokee in the U.S. Southeast, killing almost half the population. Smallpox also reaches tribes in western Canada.
• Esther Brandeau, in the guise of a cabin boy, is the first known Jewish woman to arrive in Canada. Eventually she is deported to France for failing to embrace the Roman Catholic religion.
• Fort Rouge (the fort), built on the Assiniboine River near the Forks.
• Fort La Reine, one of the forts of the Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye western expansion, was built. It was located on the Assiniboine River near where present day Portage la Prairie stands.
• Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye travelled southwest from Fort La Reine to the area of the Missouri River in what is now North Dakota.

• June 25 - Thomas Peters, black soldier and leader (died 1792)

New York colonial officials describe French military assets[1]

Newfoundland will begin prosecuting capital offences, sparing testifiers expensive trip to British court and loss of year's fishing[2]

Newfoundland governor reports opposition to Irish Catholic immigrants for criminality and danger they pose to Protestants in any war[3]

Program of events celebrating Pierre Gaultier de la Vérendrye's 1738 arrival in what is now Winnipeg[4]