1838 and 1839 United States House of Representatives elections

1838 and 1839 United States House of Representatives elections
	July 2, 1838 – November 5, 1839
	July 2, 1838 – November 5, 1839
All 242 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives; 122 seats needed for a majority
Speaker before election; James K. Polk; Democratic	Elected Speaker ; Robert M. T. Hunter; Whig

Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 26th Congress were held during President Martin Van Buren's term at various dates in different states from July 1838 to November 1839.

The Panic of 1837 and consequent economic downturn drove Whig Party gains. Van Buren's Democratic Party had lost popularity and Whig policies of economic nationalism appealed to a larger number of voters. Democrats were able, however, to contain the political fallout by blaming banks for the crisis. The Anti-Masonic Party, influential in New York, Pennsylvania, and other Northern states, lost seats, while the Southern Nullifier Party disappeared. Two Virginia representatives were elected on that state's Conservative Party ticket.

Early business of the new House reflected the close partisan division. When Congress first Convened on December 3, 1839, two contingents of New Jersey representatives-elect, one composed of Democrats and the other of Whigs, arrived and both requested to be seated as members. Charging the Whigs with election fraud and facing loss of control of the House, the Democratic Party majority (119 to 118 Whigs from outside New Jersey) refused to seat all but one Whig.[1] Massachusetts Representative John Quincy Adams presided as "chairman" of the House after the clerk lost control.

Two weeks later, when voting for speaker of the House finally commenced, 11 ballots were needed before Robert M. T. Hunter, a compromise Whig candidate, was elected, receiving 119 votes (out of 232 cast).[2] This congress also enacted the first Independent Treasury bill.

Election summaries

↓
125	8	109
Democratic	[lower-alpha 1]	Whig

State	Type	Date	Total seats	Democratic		Whig		Others
State	Type	Date	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Louisiana	Districts	July 2–4, 1838	3	0	1	3	1	0
Illinois	Districts	August 6, 1838	3	2	1	1	1	0
Missouri	At-large	August 6, 1838	2	2		0		0
Vermont	Districts	September 1, 1838	5	2	1	3	1	0
Maine	Districts	September 10, 1838	8	6		2		0
Arkansas	At-large	October 1, 1838	1	1		0		0
Georgia	At-large	October 1, 1838	9	0	8	9	8	0
New Jersey	At-large	October 8, 1838	6	5	5	1	5	0
South Carolina	Districts	October 8–9, 1838	9	8	6	1		0	6[lower-alpha 2]
Ohio	Districts	October 9, 1838	19	11	3	8	3	0
Pennsylvania	Districts[lower-alpha 3]	October 9, 1838	28	17		5	1	6[lower-alpha 4]	1
Michigan	At-large	November 6, 1838	1	1		0		0
New York	Districts[lower-alpha 5]	November 5–7, 1838	40	19	11	21	11	0
Massachusetts	Districts	November 12, 1838	12	2		10		0
Delaware	At-large	November 13, 1838	1	1	1	0	1	0
New Hampshire	At-large	March 12, 1839	5	5		0		0
Connecticut	Districts	April 1, 1839	6	0	6	6	6	0
Virginia	Districts	May 23, 1839	21	12	3	7	1	2[lower-alpha 6]	2
Kentucky	Districts	August 1, 1839	13	2	1	11		0	1[lower-alpha 7]
Tennessee	Districts	August 1, 1839	13	6	3	7	3	0
Alabama	Districts	August 5, 1839	5	3		2		0
Indiana	Districts	August 5, 1839	7	5	4	2	4	0
North Carolina	Districts	August 8, 1839	13	8	3	5	3	0
Rhode Island	At-large	August 27, 1839	2	0		2		0
Maryland	Districts[lower-alpha 8]	October 3, 1839	8	5	1	3	1	0
Mississippi	At-large	November 4–5, 1839	2	2	2	0	2	0
Total			242	125 51.7%	3	109 45.0%	9	8 3.3%	6

Popular vote

Democratic			50.01%
Whig			49.73%
Others			0.26%

House seats

Democratic			52.07%
Whig			47.93%

Special elections

There were special elections in 1838 and 1839 to the 25th United States Congress and 26th United States Congress.

Special elections are listed by date then district.

25th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Pennsylvania 9				New member elected March 8, 1838.
Maine 3				New member elected April 28, 1838.
Maine 5				New member elected May 29, 1838.
Mississippi at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	John F. H. Claiborne	Democratic	1835	The House rescinded its former decision February 5, 1838 and declared the seats vacant. New members elected May 29, 1838. Two Whig gains. Successors seated May 30, 1838.[3]	Y Sergeant S. Prentiss (Whig) 26.55% Y Thomas J. Word (Whig) 25.20% John F. H. Claiborne (Democratic) 24.57% Samuel J. Gholson (Democratic) 23.68%[4]
Mississippi at-large 2 seats on a general ticket	Samuel J. Gholson	Democratic	1836 (Special)
Ohio 16				New member elected October 9, 1838.
Ohio 19				New member elected November 5, 1838.
Massachusetts 2	Stephen C. Phillips	Whig	1834 (Special)	Incumbent resigned September 28, 1838 to become Mayor of Salem. New member elected November 12, 1838. Whig hold. Successor also elected the same day to the next term, see below.	Leverett Saltonstall (Whig) 59.15% Robert Rantoul Jr. (Democratic) 32.26% Joseph S. Cabot (Democratic) 8.60%[5]

26th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Missouri at-large	Albert G. Harrison	Democratic	1835	New member elected. October 28, 1839 and seated December 5, 1839. Democratic hold.	Y John Jameson (Democratic) 63.16% Thorton Grimsley (Whig) 35.96%[6]
Massachusetts 1	Richard Fletcher	Whig	1836	Incumbent member-elect declined to serve. New member elected November 11, 1839. Whig hold.	Y Abbott Lawrence (Whig) 57.52% Bradford Sumner (Democratic) 42.48%[7]
Pennsylvania 14				New member elected November 20, 1839.
Massachusetts 6	James C. Alvord	Whig	1838	Incumbent died September 27, 1839. New member elected December 23, 1839 on the second ballot. Whig hold.	First ballot (November 11, 1839): Rodolphus Dickensen (Democratic) 48.99% Osmyn Baker (Whig) 44.48% Henry Chapman (Unknown) 4.58% Israel Billings (Anti-Slavery) 1.95%[8] Second ballot (December 23, 1839): Y Osmyn Baker (Whig) 51.09% Rodolphus Dickensen (Democratic) 39.98% Israel Billings (Anti-Slavery) 8.93%[9]

Connecticut

Connecticut elected its six members April 1, 1839, flipping all six seats from Democratic to Whig.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Connecticut 1	Isaac Toucey	Democratic	1835	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y Joseph Trumbull (Whig) 53.23% Isaac Toucey (Democratic) 42.21% Charles Chapman (Unknown) 4.56%[10]
Connecticut 2	Samuel Ingham	Democratic	1835	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y William L. Storrs (Whig) 50.67% Samuel Ingham (Democratic) 49.33%[11]
Connecticut 3	Elisha Haley	Democratic	1835	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y Thomas W. Williams (Whig) 50.73% Coolidge Billings (Democratic) 49.27%[12]
Connecticut 4	Thomas T. Whittlesey	Democratic	1836 (Special)	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y Thomas B. Osborne (Whig) 52.40% Thomas T. Whittlesey (Democratic) 47.60%[13]
Connecticut 5	Lancelot Phelps	Democratic	1835	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y Truman Smith (Whig) 53.50% Charles B. Phelps (Democratic) 46.50%[14]
Connecticut 6	Orrin Holt	Democratic	1836 (Special)	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y John H. Brockway (Whig) 52.86% Chauncey Fitch Cleveland (Democratic) 47.14%[15]

Florida Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Iowa Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Maine

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Maine 1
Maine 2
Maine 3
Maine 4
Maine 5
Maine 6
Maine 7
Maine 8	Thomas Davee	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Thomas Davee (Democratic) 51.90% John S. Tenney (Whig) 46.62% Samuel Farrar (Conservative) 1.48%[16]

Massachusetts

Elections were held November 12, 1838, but one district's election went to a fourth ballot in 1839, after the March 4, 1839 start of the term but before the House convened in December 1839.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Massachusetts 1	Richard Fletcher	Whig	1836	Incumbent re-elected, but declined to serve, leading to a special election.	Y Richard Fletcher (Whig) 63.1% Bradford Sumner (Democratic) 36.2%[17]
Massachusetts 2	Stephen C. Phillips	Whig	1834 (Special)	Incumbent resigned September 28, 1838 to become Mayor of Salem. New member elected. Whig hold. Successor also elected the same day to finish the current term.	Y Leverett Saltonstall (Whig) 59.26% Robert Rantoul Jr. (Democratic) 32.33% Joseph S. Cabot (Democratic) 8.51%[18]
Massachusetts 3	Caleb Cushing	Whig	1834	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Caleb Cushing (Whig) 61.1% Gayton P. Osgood (Democratic) 35.0%[17]
Massachusetts 4	William Parmenter	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected late on the fourth ballot.	First ballot (November 12, 1838): William Parmenter (Democratic) 49.24% Nathan Brooks (Whig) 48.24% James T. Woodbury (Democratic) 1.27% Amos Farnsworth (Anti-Slavery) 1.25%[19] Second ballot (December 17, 1838): William Parmenter (Democratic) 47.23% Nathan Brooks (Whig) 45.59% Levi Farwell (Unknown) 3.18% James T. Woodbury (Democratic) 2.22% Amos Farnsworth (Anti-Slavery) 1.79%[20] Third ballot (February 4, 1839): William Parmenter (Democratic) 49.92% Nathan Brooks (Whig) 42.24% Levi Farwell (Unknown) 4.1% James T. Woodbury (Democratic) 1.83%[21] Fourth ballot (April 1, 1839): Y William Parmenter (Democratic) 51.38% Nathan Brooks (Whig) 45.81% James T. Woodbury (Democratic) 1.83%[22]
Massachusetts 5	Levi Lincoln Jr.	Whig	1834 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Levi Lincoln Jr. (Whig) 55.2% Isaac Davis (Democratic) 34.1% Charles Allen 10.3%[17]
Massachusetts 6	George Grennell Jr.	Whig	1834	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig hold.	Y James C. Alvord (Whig) 61.8% Thomas Nims (Democratic) 28.6% Osmyn Baker (Whig) 9.1%[17]
Massachusetts 7	George N. Briggs	Whig	1830	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George N. Briggs (Whig) 54.58% Henry W. Bishop (Democratic) 45.42%[23]
Massachusetts 8	William Calhoun	Whig	1834	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William Calhoun (Whig) 59.4% William W. Thompson (Democratic) 40.3%[17]
Massachusetts 9	William S. Hastings	Whig	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William S. Hastings (Whig) 56.6% Alexander H. Everett (Democratic) 43.2%[17]
Massachusetts 10	Nathaniel B. Borden	Democratic	1835	Incumbent lost re-election from a different party. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y Henry Williams (Democratic) 51.90% Nathaniel B. Borden (Whig) 45.84% William Baylies (Whig) 2.26%[24]
Massachusetts 11	John Reed Jr.	Whig	1812 1816 (Lost) 1820	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Reed Jr. (Whig) 56.4% Henry Crocker (Democratic) 43.3%[17]
Massachusetts 12	John Quincy Adams	Whig	1830	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Quincy Adams (Whig) 59.23% William M. Jackson (Democratic) 40.77%[25]

Mississippi

A special election was held in Mississippi on July 17–18, 1837. Its winners were Democrats John F. H. Claiborne and Samuel J. Gholson. The first session of the 25th Congress was a special session beginning on September 4, 1837, extending to October 16. In November, Mississippi held the regular election. Seargent Smith Prentiss, a Vicksburg lawyer and Whig, unexpectedly launched a vigorous, partisan campaign. He and fellow Whig Thomas J. Word won in an upset. Claiborne and Gholson then argued that the July result entitled them to serve full terms. With the Whig Party newly organizing, the closely divided House, in which Anti-Masons, Nullifiers, and the Independent tended to align more with Whigs and to oppose Democrats, agreed to hear Prentiss. He spoke for nine hours over three days, packing the gallery, drawing Senators, and earning a national reputation for oratory and public admiration from leading Whigs including Senators Clay and Webster. The Elections Committee then required a third election. Scheduled for April 1838, it confirmed the November result. Both Whigs were seated in May late in the second session, also serving for the third session.

Pennsylvania

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates[lower-alpha 9][26]
Pennsylvania 1	Lemuel Paynter	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Lemuel Paynter (Democratic) 55.1% Joel B. Sutherland (Whig) 44.9%
Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 2 seats	John Sergeant	Whig	1816 1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George W. Toland (Whig) 69.4% Y John Sergeant (Whig) 69.2% Joseph R. Evans (Democratic) 30.7% Samuel Brasnears (Democratic) 30.7%
Pennsylvania 2 Plural district with 2 seats	George W. Toland	Whig	1836	Incumbent re-elected.
Pennsylvania 3	Charles Naylor	Whig	1837 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Charles Naylor (Whig) 53.1% Charles J. Ingersoll (Democratic) 46.9%
Pennsylvania 4 Plural district with 3 seats	Edward Davies	Anti-Masonic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John Edwards (Anti-Masonic) 57.2% Y Edward Davies (Anti-Masonic) 57.0% Y Francis James (Anti-Masonic) 57.0% Joshua Evans Jr. (Democratic) 43.0% Reah Frazer (Democratic) 43.0% Samuel Leiper (Democratic) 42.8%
	Edward Darlington	Anti-Masonic	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic hold.
	David Potts Jr.	Anti-Masonic	1830	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Anti-Masonic hold.
Pennsylvania 5	Jacob Fry Jr.	Democratic	1834	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y Joseph Fornance (Democratic) 54.9% Joseph Royer (Whig) 45.1%
Pennsylvania 6	Mathias Morris	Whig	1834	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y John Davis (Democratic) 51.9% Mathias Morris (Whig) 48.1%
Pennsylvania 7	David D. Wagener	Democratic	1832	Incumbent re-elected.	Y David D. Wagener (Democratic) 63.7% Peter S. Michler (Whig) 36.3%
Pennsylvania 8	Edward B. Hubley	Democratic	1834	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y Peter Newhard (Democratic) 54.5% Walter C. Livingston (Whig) 45.5%
Pennsylvania 9	George Keim	Democratic	1838 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George Keim (Democratic) 69.3% Daniel M. Bieber (Whig) 30.7%
Pennsylvania 10	Luther Reily	Democratic	1836	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y William Simonton (Whig) 59.1% William Reily (Democratic) 40.9%
Pennsylvania 11	Henry Logan	Democratic	1834	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y James Gerry (Democratic) 56.6% Charles A. Barnitz (Whig) 43.4%
Pennsylvania 12	Daniel Sheffer	Democratic	1836	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain.	Y James Cooper (Whig) 55.9% Daniel Sheffer (Democratic) 44.1%
Pennsylvania 13	Charles McClure	Democratic	1836	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y William S. Ramsey (Democratic) 57.3% Frederick Watts (Whig) 42.7%
Pennsylvania 14	William W. Potter	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William W. Potter (Democratic) 50.9% William Irvin (Whig) 49.1%
Pennsylvania 15	David Petrikin	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y David Petrikin (Democratic) 53.5% David Hurley (Whig) 46.5%
Pennsylvania 16	Robert H. Hammond	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Robert H. Hammond (Democratic) 56.6% James Morrill (Whig) 43.4%
Pennsylvania 17	Samuel W. Morris	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Samuel W. Morris (Democratic) 54.2% William Willard (Whig) 45.8%
Pennsylvania 18	Charles Ogle	Anti-Masonic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Charles Ogle (Anti-Masonic) 55.9% Job Mann (Democratic) 44.1%
Pennsylvania 19	John Klingensmith Jr.	Democratic	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y Albert G. Marchand (Democratic) 60.9% Joseph Markle (Whig) 39.1%
Pennsylvania 20	Andrew Buchanan	Democratic	1832	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y Enos Hook (Democratic) 62.4% Fideleo Hughes (Whig) 37.6%
Pennsylvania 21	Thomas M. T. McKennan	Anti-Masonic	1830	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain.	Y Isaac Leet (Democratic) 50.1% Joseph Lawrence (Whig) 49.9%
Pennsylvania 22	Richard Biddle	Anti-Masonic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Richard Biddle (Anti-Masonic) 58.1% James Power (Democratic) 41.9%
Pennsylvania 23	William Beatty	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y William Beatty (Democratic) 61.5% George W. Smith (Whig) 38.5%
Pennsylvania 24	Thomas Henry	Anti-Masonic	1836	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Thomas Henry (Anti-Masonic) 54.7% James D. White (Democratic) 45.3%
Pennsylvania 25	Arnold Plumer	Democratic	1836	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold.	Y John Galbraith (Democratic) 51.2% David Dick (Whig) 48.8%

In the 3rd district, Charles Naylor's election was unsuccessfully contested by Charles J. Ingersoll.[27]

There were three special elections in Pennsylvania during the 26th Congress.[28] The first was in the 14th district caused by the death of William W. Potter (Democratic) on October 28, 1839. This vacancy was filled by George McCulloch (Democratic). The second was in the 22nd district caused by the resignation of Richard Biddle. This vacancy was filled by Henry M. Brackenridge (Whig). The third was in the 13th district caused by the death of William S. Ramsey (Democratic) on October 17, 1840. Ramsey had also been re-elected to the 27th Congress and so an additional special election was held the following May to fill the vacancy in the 27th Congress.

Wisconsin Territory

See Non-voting delegates, below.

Non-voting delegates

25th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Iowa Territory at-large	New district			New seat. New delegate elected September 10, 1848. Democratic gain.	Y William W. Chapman (Democratic) 33.32% Peter H. Engle (Democratic) 32.51% Benjamin F. Wallace (Whig) 20.42% David Rorer (Democratic) 13.53% Lawrence Taliaferro (Independent) 0.07% William H. Wallace (Whig) 0.07% Isaac Leffler (Whig) 0.04% H. Craighton (Independent) 0.02% John Foley (Independent) 0.02%[29]

26th Congress

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Delegate	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida Territory at-large	Charles Downing	Democratic	1836	Incumbent re-elected on an unknown date.	Y Charles Downing (Jacksonian) [data unknown/missing]
Iowa Territory at-large	William W. Chapman	Democratic	1838	Incumbent lost re-election. New delegate elected August 5, 1839, but election was invalidated due to a misdrafting of the a territorial statute, and Congress extended the term of the incumbent delegate to 1840.[30]	Y Francis Gehon (Democratic) 843 votes William W. Chapman (Democratic) 24 votes Joseph M. Robinson 13 votes Others 18 votes[30]
Wisconsin Territory at-large	George Wallace Jones	Democratic	1836	Incumbent lost re-election. New delegate elected in September 1838. Democratic hold. Incumbent claimed that prior 1836 election had entitled him to serve until March 1839, but the house disagreed and seated the winner January 14, 1839.	Y James Duane Doty (Jacksonian) George Wallace Jones (Jacksonian)

Notes

Anti-Masons won 6 elections and Conservatives won 2.
Nullifiers
Includes two plural districts, one with three members
Anti-Masons
Includes five plural districts, one with four members
Conservatives
Independent joined Whigs
Includes 1 plural district
For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats

References

Lalor, John Joseph (1899). Lalor, John J. (ed.). "Cyclopædia of political science, political economy, and of the political history of the United States, by the best American and European writers". New York, New York: New York: 309. hdl:2027/umn.319510014074381. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"26th Congress (1839–1841)". Congress Profiles. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved March 1, 2019.
"Twenty-fifth Congress March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1839". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved April 9, 2019.
"Our Campaigns - MS - At Large Special Election Race - Apr 24, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"MA District 2 - Special Election". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=393489
"Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - Special Election Race - Nov 11, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
"Our Campaigns - MA District 6 - Special Election - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"MA District 6 - Special Election - 2nd Trial". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
"Our Campaigns - CT District 1 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - CT District 2 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - CT District 3 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - CT District 4 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - CT District 5 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - CT District 6 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=722909
CQGuide, p. 570.
"MA District 2". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.
"Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 12, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 17, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 3rd Trial Race - Feb 04, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 4th Trial Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - MA District 7 Race - Nov 12, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - MA District 10 Race - Nov 12, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Our Campaigns - MA District 12 Race - Nov 09, 1840". www.ourcampaigns.com.
"Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project" (PDF).
"Twenty-Sixth Congress (membership roster) – see footnote 42" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
"Twenty-Sixth Congress (membership roster) – see footnotes 43-48" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2013.
Pelzer, Louis (1908). Shambaugh, Benjamin F. (ed.). "The History and Principles of the Democratic Party of the Territory of Iowa". Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Vol. 6 no. 1. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 12. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
Pelzer, Louis (1907). Shambaugh, Benjamin F. (ed.). "The Election of Francis Gehon in 1839". Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Vol. 4 no. 4. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 539. Retrieved December 18, 2020.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). 1788 United States Congressional Elections-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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[3] Anti-Masons won 6 elections and Conservatives won 2.

[4] Nullifiers

[5] Includes two plural districts, one with three members

[6] Anti-Masons

[7] Includes five plural districts, one with four members

[8] Conservatives

[9] Independent joined Whigs

[10] Includes 1 plural district

[pl-34] For plural districts, percent is based on assumption that each voter cast as many votes as there are seats

[1] Lalor, John Joseph (1899). Lalor, John J. (ed.). "Cyclopædia of political science, political economy, and of the political history of the United States, by the best American and European writers". New York, New York: New York: 309. hdl:2027/umn.319510014074381. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[2] "26th Congress (1839–1841)". Congress Profiles. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Historian, U.S. House of Representatives. Retrieved March 1, 2019.

[25th_Roster-11] "Twenty-fifth Congress March 4, 1837, to March 3, 1839". Historian of the United States House of Representatives. Retrieved April 9, 2019.

[12] "Our Campaigns - MS - At Large Special Election Race - Apr 24, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[13] "MA District 2 - Special Election". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

[14] ttps://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=393489

[15] "Our Campaigns - MA District 1 - Special Election Race - Nov 11, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

[16] "Our Campaigns - MA District 6 - Special Election - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[17] "MA District 6 - Special Election - 2nd Trial". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

[18] "Our Campaigns - CT District 1 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[19] "Our Campaigns - CT District 2 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[20] "Our Campaigns - CT District 3 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[21] "Our Campaigns - CT District 4 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[22] "Our Campaigns - CT District 5 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[23] "Our Campaigns - CT District 6 Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[24] ttps://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=722909

[FOOTNOTECQGuide570-25] CQGuide, p. 570.

[26] "MA District 2". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved October 19, 2020.

[27] "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 12, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[28] "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 17, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[29] "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 3rd Trial Race - Feb 04, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[30] "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 4th Trial Race - Apr 01, 1839". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[31] "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 Race - Nov 12, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[32] "Our Campaigns - MA District 10 Race - Nov 12, 1838". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[33] "Our Campaigns - MA District 12 Race - Nov 09, 1840". www.ourcampaigns.com.

[35] "Wilkes University Elections Statistics Project" (PDF).

[36] "Twenty-Sixth Congress (membership roster) – see footnote 42" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2013.

[37] "Twenty-Sixth Congress (membership roster) – see footnotes 43-48" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 2, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2013.

[demparty-38] Pelzer, Louis (1908). Shambaugh, Benjamin F. (ed.). "The History and Principles of the Democratic Party of the Territory of Iowa". Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Vol. 6 no. 1. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 12. Retrieved May 27, 2020.

[Iowa1839-39] Pelzer, Louis (1907). Shambaugh, Benjamin F. (ed.). "The Election of Francis Gehon in 1839". Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Vol. 4 no. 4. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 539. Retrieved December 18, 2020.

(1837←) 1838 United States elections (→1839)
U.S. Senate	Indiana Maryland (special) Mississippi Ohio Tennessee (special)
U.S. House	Arkansas Delaware Georgia Illinois Louisiana Maine 3rd sp 5th sp Massachusetts 2nd sp Michigan At-large sp Missouri New Jersey New York Ohio 16th sp 19th sp Pennsylvania 9th sp South Carolina Vermont
Governors	Connecticut Illinois Louisiana New York Pennsylvania
Mayors	Chicago
States and territories	Arkansas Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Vermont Virginia
Related	Broad Seal War

(1838←) 1839 United States elections (→1840)
U.S. Senate	Maine Maryland Maryland (special) Massachusetts Mississippi (special) Missouri New Jersey New York Tennessee (special) Vermont Virginia
U.S. House	Alabama 3rd sp Connecticut Indiana Kentucky Maryland Mississippi New Hampshire North Carolina Pennsylvania 14th sp Rhode Island Tennessee Virginia
Governors	Alabama Connecticut Massachusetts Michigan
Mayors	Chicago Philadelphia
States and territories	Alabama Arkansas Connecticut Delaware Georgia Illinois Indiana Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Mississippi Missouri New Hampshire New Jersey New York North Carolina Ohio Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Vermont Virginia
Related	Broad Seal War

1838 and 1839 United States House of Representatives elections

Election summaries

Special elections

25th Congress

26th Congress

Connecticut

Florida Territory

Iowa Territory

Maine

Massachusetts

Mississippi

Pennsylvania

Wisconsin Territory

Non-voting delegates

25th Congress

26th Congress

See also

Notes

References

Bibliography

External links