1862 and 1863 United States House of Representatives elections

The eight Representatives remaining from Tennessee and Virginia in the 37th Congress were absent from the 38th Congress. Other seceded states remained unrepresented, leaving 58 vacancies[5] Upon admission, West Virginia was allotted three Representatives [6] and during the second session one seat was added for the new state of Nevada.[7]

Reapportionment transpired according to the 1860 Census, under the 1850 Apportionment Act[8] providing a total of 233 seats. A later Act added eight seats,[9] increasing the total to 241.

State	Type	Date	Total seats (Reapportionment)		Democratic		Independent Republican		Republican		Unionist[lower-alpha 6]
			Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Oregon	At-large	June 2, 1862	1		0	1	0		1	1	0
Maine	Districts	September 8, 1862	5	1	1	1	0		4	2	0
Indiana	Districts	October 14, 1862	11		7	3	0		4	3	0
Iowa	Districts		6	4	0		0		6	4	0
Ohio	Districts		19	2	14	6	0		5	8	0
Pennsylvania	Districts		24	1	12	6	2	2	10	9	0
Delaware	At-large	November 1, 1862	1		1	1	0		0		0	1
Massachusetts	Districts		10	1	0		0		10		0	1
Illinois	Districts	November 4, 1862 (Election Day)[lower-alpha 7]	14	5	9	4	0		5	1	0
Kansas	At-large		1		0		0		1		0
Michigan	Districts		6	2	1	1	0		5	1	0
Minnesota	Districts		2		0		0		2		0
Missouri	Districts		9	2	0	5	0		1		8	7
New Jersey	Districts		5		4	1	0		1	1	0
New York	Districts		31	2	17	7	0		14	9	0
Wisconsin	Districts		6	3	3	3	0		3		0
Late elections (after the March 4, 1863 beginning of the term)
New Hampshire	Districts	March 10, 1863	3		1	1	0		2	1	0
Rhode Island	Districts	April 1, 1863	2		0		0		2	2	0	2
Connecticut	Districts	April 6, 1863	4		1	1	0		3	1	0
Kentucky	Districts	August 3, 1863	9	1	0	1	0		0		9
Vermont	Districts	September 1, 1863	3		0		0		3		0
California	At-large	September 2, 1863	3		0		0		3		0
West Virginia[lower-alpha 8]	Districts	October 22, 1863	3	3	0		0		0		3	3
Maryland	Districts	November 3, 1863	5	1	1	1	0		0		4	2
Secessionist States
Alabama	Districts	None	6	1
Arkansas	Districts	None	3	1
Florida	At-large	None	1
Georgia	Districts	None	7	1
Louisiana	Districts	None	5	1								2
Mississippi	Districts	None	5
North Carolina	Districts	None	7	1
South Carolina	Districts	None	4	2
Tennessee	Districts	None	8	2								3
Texas	Districts	None	4	2
Virginia	Districts	None	11[lower-alpha 9]	2								5
Total[lower-alpha 2]			184	3	72	27	2	2	85	25	25	5
			58 Vacancies[lower-alpha 10]		39.1%		1.1%		46.2%		13.6%

There were seven special elections during the 37th Congress, and two during the 38th Congress.

Alabama elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

Arkansas elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

Note: From statehood to 1866, California's representatives were elected state-wide at-large, with the top two vote-getters winning election from 1849 to 1858. In 1860, when California gained a seat, the top three vote-getters were elected.

California elected its members September 2, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

Connecticut elected its members April 6, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

See non-voting delegates, below.

Delaware elected its sole member November 1, 1862.

See non-voting delegates, below.

Florida elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

Georgia elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

See non-voting delegates, below.

Illinois elected its members November 4, 1862.

Indiana elected its members October 14, 1862.

Iowa elected its members October 14, 1862.

Kansas elected its member November 4, 1862.

Kentucky elected its members August 3, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

Louisiana elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

Maine elected its members September 8, 1862.

Maryland elected its members November 3, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

Massachusetts elected its members November 1, 1862.

Michigan elected its members November 4, 1862.

Minnesota elected its members November 4, 1862.

Mississippi elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

Missouri elected its members November 4, 1862.

See non-voting delegates, below.

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Hampshire elected its members March 10, 1863.

See non-voting delegates, below.

New Jersey elected its members November 4, 1862.

New York elected its members November 4, 1862. The state lost two seats in reapportionment, going from 33 members to 31.

North Carolina elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

Ohio elected its members October 14, 1862.

Oregon elected its members June 2, 1862.

Pennsylvania elected its members October 14, 1862.

Rhode Island elected its members April 1, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

South Carolina elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

Tennessee elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

Texas elected no members to the next Congress due to its withdrawl during the Civil War.

See non-voting delegates, below.

Vermont elected its members September 1, 1863, after the term began but before the Congress convened.

Virginia elected its members May 28, 1863, but they were all disqualified.

See non-voting delegates, below.

West Virginia elected three representatives on October 22, 1863 after becoming a state on June 20, 1863 but before the Congress convened. It was made up of three districts that previously belonged to Virginia, all of which were vacant before the elections. They were seated on December 7, 1863.

Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1862, picking up two Democratic gains.

Three of seats were newly apportioned. One incumbent was redistricted and won re-election, but died three weeks after the general election. A special election was held December 30, 1862, to replace him.[17]

• 1862 United States elections
  • 1862 and 1863 United States Senate elections
• 37th United States Congress
• 38th United States Congress

• Allardice, Bruce S., “‘Illinois is Rotten with Traitors!’ The Republican Defeat in the 1862 State Election,” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society, 104 (Spring–Summer 2011), 97–114.
• Carson, Jamie L. et al. "The Impact of National Tides and District-Level Effects on Electoral Outcomes: The U.S. Congressional Elections of 1862–63," American Journal of Political Science, October 2001, Vol. 45 Issue 4, pp 887–898 in JSTOR
• Nevins, Allan. Ordeal of the Union: vol 6. War Becomes Revolution, 1862–1863 (1960)
• Shankman, Arnold. "Francis W. Hughes and the 1862 Pennsylvania Election." Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 1971 95(3): 383–393. ISSN 0031-4587
• Tap, Bruce. "Race, Rhetoric, and Emancipation: the Election of 1862 in Illinois." Civil War History 1993 39(2): 101–125. ISSN 0009-8078
• Voegeli, Jacque. "The Northwest and the Race Issue, 1861–1862," Mississippi Valley Historical Review Vol. 50, No. 2 (September 1963), pp. 235–251 IN jstor
• Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
• Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
• Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
• "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

• Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)