1884 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1884 for Representatives in the 49th Congress. These election coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland.

1884 United States House of Representatives elections

November 4, 1884[lower-alpha 1]

All 325 seats in the United States House of Representatives
163 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader John G. Carlisle Thomas Brackett Reed
Party Democratic Republican
Leader's seat Kentucky 6th Maine 1st
Last election 196 seats 117 seats
Seats won 182[1][lower-alpha 2] 141[1][lower-alpha 2]
Seat change 14 24
Popular vote 4,954,599 4,665,184
Percentage 50.05% 47.13%
Swing 1.15% 5.52%

  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Greenback Independent
Last election 2 seats 3 seats[lower-alpha 3]
Seats won 1[1][lower-alpha 2] 1[lower-alpha 4]
Seat change 1 2
Popular vote 105,668 78,972
Percentage 1.07% 0.80%
Swing 1.99% 2.68%

Elections results from the 1884 elections

Speaker before election

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

Elected Speaker

John G. Carlisle
Democratic

In spite of Cleveland's victory, the opposition Republican Party gained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but the Democratic Party retained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by the Panic of 1884, but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly.

Election summaries

183 1 141
Democratic [lower-alpha 5] Republican
State Type Total
seats
Democratic Republican Others
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 8 8 0 0
Arkansas District[lower-alpha 6] 5 5 0 0
California District[lower-alpha 6] 6 1 5 5 5 0
Colorado At-large 1 0 1 0
Connecticut District 4 2 1 2 1 0
Delaware At-large 1 1 0 0
Florida District 2 2 1 0 1 0
Georgia District[lower-alpha 6] 10 10 0 0
Illinois District 20 10 1 10 1 0
Indiana District 13 9 4 0
Iowa District 11 3 1 7 1 1[lower-alpha 7]
Kansas District[lower-alpha 6] 7 0 7 0
Kentucky District 11 10 1 1 1 0
Louisiana District 6 5 1 0
Maine[lower-alpha 8] District[lower-alpha 9] 4 0 4 0
Maryland District 6 5 1 1 1 0
Massachusetts District 12 2 1 10 1 0
Michigan District 11 7 1 4 1 0
Minnesota District 5 0 5 0
Mississippi District 7 7 2 0 1 0 1[lower-alpha 10]
Missouri District 14 12 2 2 2 0
Nebraska District 3 0 3 0
Nevada At-large 1 0 1 1 1 0
New Hampshire District 2 0 2 0
New Jersey District 7 3 4 0
New York District[lower-alpha 6] 34 17[lower-alpha 4] 4 17 4 0
North Carolina District[lower-alpha 6] 9 8 1 1 1 0
Ohio[lower-alpha 8] District 21 11 2 10 2 0
Oregon[lower-alpha 8] At-large 1 0 1 0
Pennsylvania District
+ at-large
28 8 4 20 5 0 1[lower-alpha 7]
Rhode Island District 2 0 2 0
South Carolina District 7 6 1 0
Tennessee District 10 7 1 3 1 0
Texas District 11 11 1 0 0 1[lower-alpha 10]
Vermont[lower-alpha 8] District 2 0 2 0
Virginia District[lower-alpha 6] 10 8 2 2 2 0 4[lower-alpha 11]
West Virginia District 4 3 1 0
Wisconsin District 9 2 4 7 4 0
Total 325 183[1][lower-alpha 4]
56.3%
12 141[1]
43.4%
19 1[1]
0.6%
7
Popular vote
Democratic
50.05%
Republican
47.13%
Greenback
1.07%
Independent
0.80%
Others
0.95%
House seats
Democratic
56.00%
Republican
43.38%
Greenback
0.31%
Independent
0.31%
[[File:49 us house membership.png|thumb|350px|
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Republican
  60+ to 80% Democratic
  60+ to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Republican
]]
[[File:49 us house changes.png|thumb|350px|
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change
]]

Early election dates

In 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early:

Special elections

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Iowa 7
South Carolina 4 John H. Evins Democratic 1876 Incumbent died October 20, 1884.
New member elected November 12, 1884.
Democratic hold.
Successor had not been a candidate for the next term, see below.
Kansas 2

California

Two new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating the at-large district that had been created for them.

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 Barclay Henley
Redistricted from the 2nd district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Barclay Henley (Democratic) 49.7%
  • Thomas L. Carothers (Republican) 49.3%
  • C. C. Bateman (Prohibitionist) 1%
California 2 Charles A. Sumner
Redistricted from the at-large district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain
California 3 John R. Glascock
Redistricted from the at-large district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain
California 4 William Rosecrans
Redistricted from the 1st district
Democratic 1880 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain
  • Y William W. Morrow (Republican) 58.8%
  • R. P. Hastings (Democratic) 40.7%
  • H. S. Fitch (Populist) 0.5%
  • George Babcock (Prohibitionist) 0.0%
California 5 Pleasant B. Tully
Redistricted from the 4th district
Democratic 1882 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican gain
  • Y Charles N. Felton (Republican) 48.8%
  • Frank J. Sullivan (Democratic) 48.4%
  • C. Henderson (Prohibitionist) 1.4%
  • A. E. Redstone (Independent) 1.4%
California 6 None (District created) New seat
Republican gain
  • Y Henry H. Markham (Republican) 49.1%
  • R. F. Del Valle (Democratic) 47.9%
  • Will D. Gould (Prohibitionist) 2.3%
  • Isaac Kinley (Populist) 0.7%

Florida

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Robert H. M. Davidson Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Horatio Bisbee Jr. Republican 1880 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Democratic gain

South Carolina

District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 Samuel Dibble Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2 George D. Tillman Democratic 1878 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George D. Tillman (Democratic) 84.4%
  • E. J. Dickerson (Republican) 14.2%
  • Others 1.4%
South Carolina 3 D. Wyatt Aiken Democratic 1876 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 4 John H. Evins Democratic 1876 Incumbent died October 20, 1884.
New member elected.
Democratic hold.
Winner was not elected to finish the current term.
South Carolina 5 John J. Hemphill Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y John J. Hemphill (Democratic) 74.5%
  • C. C. Macoy (Republican) 21.8%
  • Others 3.7%
South Carolina 6 George W. Dargan Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y George W. Dargan (Democratic) 74.0%
  • Edmund H. Deas (Republican) 23.3%
  • Others 2.7%
South Carolina 7 Robert Smalls Republican 1884 (Special) Incumbent re-elected.

Non-voting delegates

Montana Territory

District Incumbent This race
Representative Party First elected Results Candidates
Montana Territory at-large Martin Maginnis Democratic 1872 Incumbent retired.
New delegate elected.
Democratic hold.

See also

Notes

  1. Four states held early elections between June 2 and October 14.
  2. Dubin (p. 271) counts 182 Democrats, 142 Republicans, and 1 Greenback at the start of the 49th United States Congress.
  3. Included 2 Independent Democrats and 1 Independent Republican.
  4. Includes 1 Independent Democrat, Truman A. Merriman of NY-11.
  5. There was 1 Greenback member.
  6. At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
  7. Greenback Party
  8. Elections held early.
  9. Changed from at-large.
  10. Independent in previous election.
  11. Readjuster Party

References

Bibliography

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