1884 United States House of Representatives elections

1884 United States House of Representatives elections
	November 4, 1884[lower-alpha 1]
	November 4, 1884[lower-alpha 1]
All 325 seats in the United States House of Representatives; 163 seats needed for a majority
	Elections results from the 1884 elections
Speaker before election; John G. Carlisle; Democratic	Elected Speaker ; John G. Carlisle; Democratic

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1884 for Representatives in the 49th Congress. These election coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland.

In spite of Cleveland's victory, the opposition Republican Party gained back some of the seats lost in 1882, but the Democratic Party retained a majority in the House. Republicans were able to make these slight gains by connecting their pro-business and industry message with progress. The Democrats were also hindered by the Panic of 1884, but were not greatly affected by it since the depression ended quickly.

Election summaries

↓
183	1	141
Democratic	[lower-alpha 5]	Republican

State	Type	Total seats	Democratic		Republican		Others
State	Type	Total seats	Seats	Change	Seats	Change	Seats	Change
Alabama	District	8	8		0		0
Arkansas	District[lower-alpha 6]	5	5		0		0
California	District[lower-alpha 6]	6	1	5	5	5	0
Colorado	At-large	1	0		1		0
Connecticut	District	4	2	1	2	1	0
Delaware	At-large	1	1		0		0
Florida	District	2	2	1	0	1	0
Georgia	District[lower-alpha 6]	10	10		0		0
Illinois	District	20	10	1	10	1	0
Indiana	District	13	9		4		0
Iowa	District	11	3	1	7	1	1[lower-alpha 7]
Kansas	District[lower-alpha 6]	7	0		7		0
Kentucky	District	11	10	1	1	1	0
Louisiana	District	6	5		1		0
Maine[lower-alpha 8]	District[lower-alpha 9]	4	0		4		0
Maryland	District	6	5	1	1	1	0
Massachusetts	District	12	2	1	10	1	0
Michigan	District	11	7	1	4	1	0
Minnesota	District	5	0		5		0
Mississippi	District	7	7	2	0	1	0	1[lower-alpha 10]
Missouri	District	14	12	2	2	2	0
Nebraska	District	3	0		3		0
Nevada	At-large	1	0	1	1	1	0
New Hampshire	District	2	0		2		0
New Jersey	District	7	3		4		0
New York	District[lower-alpha 6]	34	17[lower-alpha 4]	4	17	4	0
North Carolina	District[lower-alpha 6]	9	8	1	1	1	0
Ohio[lower-alpha 8]	District	21	11	2	10	2	0
Oregon[lower-alpha 8]	At-large	1	0		1		0
Pennsylvania	District + at-large	28	8	4	20	5	0	1[lower-alpha 7]
Rhode Island	District	2	0		2		0
South Carolina	District	7	6		1		0
Tennessee	District	10	7	1	3	1	0
Texas	District	11	11	1	0		0	1[lower-alpha 10]
Vermont[lower-alpha 8]	District	2	0		2		0
Virginia	District[lower-alpha 6]	10	8	2	2	2	0	4[lower-alpha 11]
West Virginia	District	4	3		1		0
Wisconsin	District	9	2	4	7	4	0
Total		325	183[1][lower-alpha 4] 56.3%	12	141[1] 43.4%	19	1[1] 0.6%	7

Popular vote

Democratic			50.05%
Republican			47.13%
Greenback			1.07%
Independent			0.80%
Others			0.95%

House seats

Democratic			56.00%
Republican			43.38%
Greenback			0.31%
Independent			0.31%

[[File:49 us house membership.png|thumb|350px|

House seats by party holding plurality in state
80+% Democratic	80+% Republican
60+ to 80% Democratic	60+ to 80% Republican
Up to 60% Democratic	Up to 60% Republican

]]

[[File:49 us house changes.png|thumb|350px|

Net gain in party representation
6+ Democratic gain	6+ Republican gain
3-5 Democratic gain	3-5 Republican gain
1-2 Democratic gain	1-2 Republican gain
no net change

]]

Early election dates

In 1884, four states, with 28 seats among them, held elections early:

June 2 Oregon
September 2 Vermont
September 13 Maine
October 14 Ohio

Special elections

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Iowa 7
South Carolina 4	John H. Evins	Democratic	1876	Incumbent died October 20, 1884. New member elected November 12, 1884. Democratic hold. Successor had not been a candidate for the next term, see below.	Y John Bratton (Democratic) 100% Unopposed[2]
Kansas 2

California

Two new districts were created for the seats gained in the 1882 reapportionment, eliminating the at-large district that had been created for them.

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
California 1	Barclay Henley Redistricted from the 2nd district	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Barclay Henley (Democratic) 49.7% Thomas L. Carothers (Republican) 49.3% C. C. Bateman (Prohibitionist) 1%
California 2	Charles A. Sumner Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1882	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain	Y James A. Louttit (Republican) 49.4% Charles A. Sumner (Democratic) 49.1% Joshua B. Webster (Prohibitionist) 1.5%
California 3	John R. Glascock Redistricted from the at-large district	Democratic	1882	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain	Y Joseph McKenna (Republican) 55.8% John R. Glascock (Democratic) 42.3% Joshua B. Wills (Prohibitionist) 1% A. B. Burns (Populist) 0.9%
California 4	William Rosecrans Redistricted from the 1st district	Democratic	1880	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain	Y William W. Morrow (Republican) 58.8% R. P. Hastings (Democratic) 40.7% H. S. Fitch (Populist) 0.5% George Babcock (Prohibitionist) 0.0%
California 5	Pleasant B. Tully Redistricted from the 4th district	Democratic	1882	Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain	Y Charles N. Felton (Republican) 48.8% Frank J. Sullivan (Democratic) 48.4% C. Henderson (Prohibitionist) 1.4% A. E. Redstone (Independent) 1.4%
California 6	None (District created)			New seat Republican gain	Y Henry H. Markham (Republican) 49.1% R. F. Del Valle (Democratic) 47.9% Will D. Gould (Prohibitionist) 2.3% Isaac Kinley (Populist) 0.7%

Florida

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Florida 1	Robert H. M. Davidson	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Robert H. M. Davidson (Democratic) 55.1% Eugene O. Locke (Republican) 44.9%
Florida 2	Horatio Bisbee Jr.	Republican	1880	Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain	Y Charles Dougherty (Democratic) 51.8% Horatio Bisbee Jr. (Republican) 47.6% Josiah T. Walls (Independent Republican) 0.6%

South Carolina

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Member	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
South Carolina 1	Samuel Dibble	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Samuel Dibble (Democratic) 73.5% W. N. Taft (Republican) 26.5%
South Carolina 2	George D. Tillman	Democratic	1878	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George D. Tillman (Democratic) 84.4% E. J. Dickerson (Republican) 14.2% Others 1.4%
South Carolina 3	D. Wyatt Aiken	Democratic	1876	Incumbent re-elected.	Y D. Wyatt Aiken (Democratic) 93.5% John R. Tolbert (Republican) 6.5%
South Carolina 4	John H. Evins	Democratic	1876	Incumbent died October 20, 1884. New member elected. Democratic hold. Winner was not elected to finish the current term.	Y William H. Perry (Democratic) 99.4% Others 0.6%
South Carolina 5	John J. Hemphill	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	Y John J. Hemphill (Democratic) 74.5% C. C. Macoy (Republican) 21.8% Others 3.7%
South Carolina 6	George W. Dargan	Democratic	1882	Incumbent re-elected.	Y George W. Dargan (Democratic) 74.0% Edmund H. Deas (Republican) 23.3% Others 2.7%
South Carolina 7	Robert Smalls	Republican	1884 (Special)	Incumbent re-elected.	Y Robert Smalls (Republican) 63.6% William Elliott (Democratic) 34.6% Others 1.8%

Non-voting delegates

Montana Territory

District	Incumbent			This race
District	Representative	Party	First elected	Results	Candidates
Montana Territory at-large	Martin Maginnis	Democratic	1872	Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic hold.	Y Joseph K. Toole (Democratic) 50.39% Hiram Knowles (Republican) 49.61%[3]

Notes

Four states held early elections between June 2 and October 14.
Dubin (p. 271) counts 182 Democrats, 142 Republicans, and 1 Greenback at the start of the 49th United States Congress.
Included 2 Independent Democrats and 1 Independent Republican.
Includes 1 Independent Democrat, Truman A. Merriman of NY-11.
There was 1 Greenback member.
At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.
Greenback Party
Elections held early.
Changed from at-large.
Independent in previous election.
Readjuster Party

References

Martis, pp. 138–139.
https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=491861
"Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1884". www.ourcampaigns.com.

Bibliography

Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
"Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.

External links

Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)

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[1] Four states held early elections between June 2 and October 14.

[Dubin-3] Dubin (p. 271) counts 182 Democrats, 142 Republicans, and 1 Greenback at the start of the 49th United States Congress.

[3IDR-4] Included 2 Independent Democrats and 1 Independent Republican.

[1ID-5] Includes 1 Independent Democrat, Truman A. Merriman of NY-11.

[6] There was 1 Greenback member.

[al-7] At-large seats eliminated in redistricting.

[GB-8] Greenback Party

[early-9] Elections held early.

[10] Changed from at-large.

[ind-11] Independent in previous election.

[12] Readjuster Party

[Martis-2] Martis, pp. 138–139.

[13] ttps://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=491861

[14] "Our Campaigns - MT Territorial Delegate Race - Nov 04, 1884". www.ourcampaigns.com.