1844 and 1845 United States House of Representatives elections
Elections to the United States House of Representatives for the 29th Congress were held at various dates in different states from July 1844 to November 1845.
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All 224[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3]seats in the U.S. House of Representatives 115 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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All 224 elected members[lower-alpha 3] took their seats when Congress convened December 1, 1845. The House elections spanned the 1844 Presidential election, won by dark horse Democratic candidate James K. Polk, who advocated territorial expansion. The new states of Texas and Iowa were added during this Congress, with Florida admitted on the last day of the previous Congress.
Democrats lost six seats but retained a large majority over the rival Whigs. The new American Party, based on the nativist "Know Nothing" movement characterized by opposition to immigration and anti-Catholicism, gained six seats.
Election summaries
One seat was added for the new State of Florida.[3] Texas and Iowa were admitted during this next Congress, but their initial elections were held in 1846.
| 142 | 6 | 79 |
| Democratic | [lower-alpha 5] | Whig |
| State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Democratic | Know Nothing | Whig | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
| Louisiana | District | July 1–3, 1844 | 4 | 3 |  1 |
0 |  |
1 |  1 |
| Illinois | District | August 5, 1844 | 7 | 6 | |
0 | |
1 | |
| Missouri | At-large | August 5, 1844 | 5 | 5 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Georgia | District[lower-alpha 6] | August 7, 1844 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
0 | |
4 | 4 |
| Vermont | District | September 3, 1844 | 4 | 1 | |
0 | |
3 | |
| Maine | District | September 9, 1844 | 7 | 6 | 1 |
0 | |
1 | 1 |
| Arkansas | At-large | October 8, 1844 | 1 | 1 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Ohio | District | October 8, 1844 | 21 | 13 | 1 |
0 | |
8 | 1 |
| Pennsylvania | District | October 8, 1844 | 24 | 12 | |
2 | 2 |
10 | 2 |
| New Jersey | District | October 9, 1844 | 5 | 1 | 3 |
0 | |
4 | 3 |
| South Carolina | District | October 14–15, 1844 | 7 | 7 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Michigan | District | November 5, 1844 | 3 | 3 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Massachusetts | District | November 11, 1844 | 10 | 0 | 2 |
0 | |
10 | 2 |
| New York | District | November 11, 1844 | 34 | 21 | 3 |
4 | 4 |
9 | 1 |
| Delaware | At-large | November 12, 1844 | 1 | 0 | |
0 | |
1 | |
| Late electionsfter the March 4, 1845 beginning of term | |||||||||
| New Hampshire | At-large | March 11, 1845 | 4[lower-alpha 3] | 3 | 1 |
0 | |
0 | |
| Rhode Island | District | April 2, 1845 | 2 | 0 | |
0 | |
2 | 2[lower-alpha 7] |
| Connecticut | District | April 7, 1845 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
0 | |
4 | 4 |
| Virginia | District | April 24, 1845 | 15 | 14 | 2 |
0 | |
1 | 2 |
| Florida[lower-alpha 8] | At-large | May 26, 1845 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
0 | |
0 | |
| Alabama | District | August 4, 1845 | 7 | 6 | |
0 | |
1 | |
| Indiana | District | August 4, 1845 | 10 | 8 | |
0 | |
2 | |
| Kentucky | District | August 4, 1845 | 10 | 3 | 1 |
0 | |
7 | 2 |
| North Carolina | District | August 7, 1845 | 9 | 6 | 1 |
0 | |
3 | 1 |
| Tennessee | District | August 7, 1845 | 11 | 6 | |
0 | |
5 | |
| Maryland | District | October 1, 1845 | 6 | 4 | 4 |
0 | |
2 | 4 |
| Mississippi | At-large | November 3–4, 1845 | 4 | 4 | |
0 | |
0 | |
| Total | 224[lower-alpha 2][lower-alpha 3] | 142 62.6% |
6 |
6 2.6% |
6 |
79 34.8% |
6 | ||
Special elections
Alabama
Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Alabama 1 | |||||
| Alabama 2 | |||||
| Alabama 3 | |||||
| Alabama 4 | |||||
| Alabama 5 | |||||
| Alabama 6 | |||||
| Alabama 7 | |||||
Arkansas
The election was held October 8, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Arkansas at-large | |||||
Connecticut
Elections were held April 7, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Connecticut 1 | |||||
| Connecticut 2 | |||||
| Connecticut 3 | |||||
| Connecticut 4 | |||||
Delaware
The election was held November 12, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Delaware at-large | |||||
Florida
The election was held May 26, 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Florida at-large | None (New state) | New seat. New member elected late on May 26, 1845. Democratic gain. Winner did not serve, having also been elected U.S. senator. |
| ||
Georgia
Elections were held August 7, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Georgia 1 | |||||
| Georgia 2 | |||||
| Georgia 3 | Absalom H. Chappell (Redistricted from the at-large district) |
Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain. |
|
| Georgia 4 | Hugh A. Haralson (Redistricted from the at-large district) |
Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 5 | John H. Lumpkin (Redistricted from the at-large district) |
Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| William H. Stiles (Redistricted from the at-large district) |
Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. | ||
| Georgia 6 | Howell Cobb (Redistricted from the at-large district) |
Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 7 | Alexander H. Stephens (Redistricted from the at-large district) |
Whig | 1843 (Special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Georgia 8 | Edward J. Black (Redistricted from the at-large district) |
Democratic | 1838 1840 (Lost) 1841 (Special) |
Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain. |
|
Illinois
Elections were held August 5, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Illinois 1 | |||||
| Illinois 2 | |||||
| Illinois 3 | |||||
| Illinois 4 | |||||
| Illinois 5 | |||||
| Illinois 6 | |||||
| Illinois 7 | |||||
Indiana
Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Indiana 1 | |||||
| Indiana 2 | |||||
| Indiana 3 | |||||
| Indiana 4 | |||||
| Indiana 5 | |||||
| Indiana 6 | |||||
| Indiana 7 | |||||
| Indiana 8 | |||||
| Indiana 9 | |||||
| Indiana 10 | |||||
Iowa Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Kentucky
Elections were held August 4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Kentucky 1 | |||||
| Kentucky 2 | |||||
| Kentucky 3 | |||||
| Kentucky 4 | |||||
| Kentucky 5 | |||||
| Kentucky 6 | |||||
| Kentucky 7 | |||||
| Kentucky 8 | |||||
| Kentucky 9 | |||||
| Kentucky 10 | |||||
Louisiana
Elections were held July 1–3, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Louisiana 1 | |||||
| Louisiana 2 | |||||
| Louisiana 3 | |||||
| Louisiana 4 | |||||
Maine
Elections were held September 9, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maine 1 | |||||
| Maine 2 | |||||
| Maine 3 | |||||
| Maine 4 | |||||
| Maine 5 | |||||
| Maine 6 | |||||
| Maine 7 | |||||
Maryland
Late elections to the 28th Congress
Maryland elected its members to the 28th Congress on February 14, 1844, after that Congress had already convened in 1843 and long after the 1842–1843 election cycle.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maryland 1 | Isaac D. Jones | Whig | 1841 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New member elected. Whig hold. |
|
| Maryland 2 | |||||
| Maryland 3 | |||||
| Maryland 4 | |||||
| Maryland 5 | |||||
| Maryland 6 | |||||
Regular elections to the 29th Congress
Maryland's October 1, 1845 elections were after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Maryland 1 | John Causin | Whig | 1844 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New member elected. Whig hold. |
|
| Maryland 2 | |||||
| Maryland 3 | |||||
| Maryland 4 | |||||
| Maryland 5 | |||||
| Maryland 6 | |||||
Massachusetts
Elections were held November 11, 1844. At least one district, however, had multiple ballots stretching into 1846.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Massachusetts 1 | |||||
| Massachusetts 2 | |||||
| Massachusetts 3 | |||||
| Massachusetts 4 | William Parmenter | Democratic | 1836 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected on the second ballot. Whig gain. |
First ballot (November 11, 1844):
Second ballot (December 23, 1844):
|
| Massachusetts 5 | |||||
| Massachusetts 6 | |||||
| Massachusetts 7 | Julius Rockwell | Whig | 1844 (Late) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 8 | John Quincy Adams | Whig | 1830 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Massachusetts 9 | Henry Williams | Democratic | 1836 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected on the ninth ballot. Whig gain. |
First ballot (November 11, 1844):
Second ballot (December 23, 1844):
Third ballot (February 10, 1845):
Fourth ballot (April 28, 1845):
Fifth ballot (September 1, 1845):
Sixth ballot (November 10, 1845):
Seventh ballot (December 29, 1845):
Eighth ballot (February 2, 1846):
Ninth ballot (November 9, 1846):
|
| Massachusetts 10 | |||||
Michigan
Elections were held November 5, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Michigan 1 | |||||
| Michigan 2 | |||||
| Michigan 3 | |||||
Mississippi
Elections were held November 3–4, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Mississippi at-large 4 seats |
(Elected on a general ticket) | ||||
Missouri
Elections were held at-large on a general ticket August 5, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Missouri at-large 5 seats |
(Elected on a general ticket)
| ||||
New Hampshire
Elections were held at-large on a general ticket March 11, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Hampshire at-large 4 seats |
Edmund Burke | Democratic | 1839 | Incumbent retired. New member (Moulton) elected. Democratic hold. |
(Elected on a general ticket) First ballot (March 11, 1845):
Second ballot (August 23, 1845):
Third ballot (November 29, 1845):
Fourth ballot (March 10, 1846):
|
| John Randall Reding | Democratic | 1841 | Incumbent retired. New member (Johnson) elected. Democratic hold. | ||
| Moses Norris Jr. | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
| John P. Hale | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent lost re-election. No candidate elected on the fourth ballot; seat vacant. Democratic loss. | ||
New Jersey
Elections were held October 9, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New Jersey 1 | |||||
| New Jersey 2 | |||||
| New Jersey 3 | |||||
| New Jersey 4 | |||||
| New Jersey 5 | |||||
New York
Elections were held November 11, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| New York 1 | |||||
| New York 2 | |||||
| New York 3 | |||||
| New York 4 | |||||
| New York 5 | |||||
| New York 6 | |||||
| New York 7 | |||||
| New York 8 | |||||
| New York 9 | |||||
| New York 10 | |||||
| New York 11 | |||||
| New York 12 | |||||
| New York 13 | |||||
| New York 14 | |||||
| New York 15 | |||||
| New York 16 | |||||
| New York 17 | |||||
| New York 18 | |||||
| New York 19 | |||||
| New York 20 | |||||
| New York 21 | |||||
| New York 22 | |||||
| New York 23 | |||||
| New York 24 | |||||
| New York 25 | |||||
| New York 26 | |||||
| New York 27 | |||||
| New York 28 | |||||
| New York 29 | |||||
| New York 30 | |||||
| New York 31 | |||||
| New York 32 | |||||
| New York 33 | |||||
| New York 34 | |||||
North Carolina
Elections were held August 7, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| North Carolina 1 | |||||
| North Carolina 2 | |||||
| North Carolina 3 | |||||
| North Carolina 4 | |||||
| North Carolina 5 | |||||
| North Carolina 6 | |||||
| North Carolina 7 | |||||
| North Carolina 8 | |||||
| North Carolina 9 | |||||
Ohio
Elections were held October 8, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Ohio 1 | |||||
| Ohio 2 | |||||
| Ohio 3 | |||||
| Ohio 4 | |||||
| Ohio 5 | |||||
| Ohio 6 | |||||
| Ohio 7 | |||||
| Ohio 8 | |||||
| Ohio 9 | |||||
| Ohio 10 | |||||
| Ohio 11 | |||||
| Ohio 12 | |||||
| Ohio 13 | |||||
| Ohio 14 | |||||
| Ohio 15 | |||||
| Ohio 16 | |||||
| Ohio 17 | |||||
| Ohio 18 | |||||
| Ohio 19 | |||||
| Ohio 20 | |||||
| Ohio 21 | |||||
Pennsylvania
Elections were held October 8, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Pennsylvania 1 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 2 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 3 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 4 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 5 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 6 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 7 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 8 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 9 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 10 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 11 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 12 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 13 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 14 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 15 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 16 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 17 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 18 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 19 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 20 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 21 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 22 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 23 | |||||
| Pennsylvania 24 | |||||
Rhode Island
Elections were held April 2, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Rhode Island 1 | |||||
| Rhode Island 2 | |||||
South Carolina
Elections were held October 14–15, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| South Carolina 1 | |||||
| South Carolina 2 | |||||
| South Carolina 3 | |||||
| South Carolina 4 | |||||
| South Carolina 5 | |||||
| South Carolina 6 | |||||
| South Carolina 7 | |||||
Tennessee
Elections were held August 7, 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Tennessee 1 | |||||
| Tennessee 2 | |||||
| Tennessee 3 | |||||
| Tennessee 4 | |||||
| Tennessee 5 | |||||
| Tennessee 6 | |||||
| Tennessee 7 | |||||
| Tennessee 8 | |||||
| Tennessee 9 | |||||
| Tennessee 10 | |||||
| Tennessee 11 | |||||
Vermont
Elections were held September 3, 1844.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Vermont 1 | |||||
| Vermont 2 | |||||
| Vermont 3 | |||||
| Vermont 4 | |||||
Virginia
Elections were held April 24, 1845, after the March 4, 1845 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1845.
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
| Virginia 1 | |||||
| Virginia 2 | |||||
| Virginia 3 | |||||
| Virginia 4 | |||||
| Virginia 5 | |||||
| Virginia 6 | |||||
| Virginia 7 | |||||
| Virginia 8 | |||||
| Virginia 9 | |||||
| Virginia 10 | |||||
| Virginia 11 | |||||
| Virginia 12 | |||||
| Virginia 13 | |||||
| Virginia 14 | |||||
| Virginia 15 | |||||
Wisconsin Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Non-voting delegates
| District | Incumbent | This race | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[24] | |
| Iowa Territory at-large | Augustus C. Dodge | Democratic | 1840 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
| Wisconsin Territory at-large | Henry Dodge | Democratic | 1840 | Incumbent retired to become territorial governor of Wisconsin. New delegate elected on an unknown date. Democratic hold. |
|
See also
Notes
- Excludes states admitted during the 29th Congress
- Includes late elections
- There was one vacancy in New Hampshire's delegation, unfilled for the duration of the 29th Congress.[1][2]
- Includes one Independent and one Independent Whig.
- There were 6 Know Nothings.
- Changed from at-large
- Previous election had 2 members of the short-lived Law and Order Party
- New State
References
- Dubin, p. 142–143.
- Martis, p. 98-99.
- 5 Stat. 743
- "Our Campaigns - GA District 03 Race - Aug 07, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
- "Our Campaigns - GA District 08 Race - Aug 07, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-20.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 23, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 Race - Nov 11, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 8 Race - Nov 11, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 1st Trial Race - Nov 11, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 2nd Trial Race - Dec 23, 1844". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 3rd Trial Race - Feb 10, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 4th Trial Race - Apr 28, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 5th Trial Race - Sep 01, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 6th Trial Race - Nov 10, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 7th Trial Race - Dec 29, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 8th Trial Race - Feb 02, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "Our Campaigns - MA District 9 - 9th Trial Race - Nov 09, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com.
- "MO At-Large". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved October 28, 2020., source notes Sims is Whig, which conflicts with other sources.
- "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large Race - Mar 11, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
- "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - 2nd Trial Race - Aug 23, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
- "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - 3rd Trial Race - Nov 29, 1845". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
- "Our Campaigns - NH At-Large - 4th Trial Race - Mar 10, 1846". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-10-15.
- Pelzer, Louis (1908). Shambaugh, Benjamin F. (ed.). "The History and Principles of the Democratic Party of the Territory of Iowa". Iowa Journal of History and Politics. Vol. 6 no. 1. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. p. 10. Retrieved May 27, 2020.
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)
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