1900 United States House of Representatives elections

Elections to the United States House of Representatives were held in 1900 for members of the 57th Congress, coinciding with the re-election of president William McKinley.

1900 United States House of Representatives elections
June 4, September 4, September 10, and November 6, 1900[lower-alpha 1]
All 357 seats in the U.S. House of Representatives
179 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader David Henderson James Richardson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1899 March 4, 1899
Leader's seat Iowa 3rd Tennessee 5th
Last election 187 seats 161 seats
Seats won 200[1][2] 151[1][2]
Seat change 13 10
Popular vote 6,929,305 6,081,813
Percentage 50.65% 44.45%
Swing 2.10% 0.27%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Party Populist Silver Republican
Last election 5 seats 2
Seats won 5[1][2] 1[2]
Seat change 1
Popular vote 321,908 54,591
Percentage 2.35% 0.40%
Swing 1.89% 0.16%
  Fifth party
 
Party Independent
Last election 2
Seats won 0
Seat change 2
Popular vote 44,982
Percentage 0.33%
Swing 0.55%
Speaker before election

David Henderson
Republican

 Elected Speaker

David Henderson
Republican

McKinley's Republican Party gained thirteen seats from the Democratic Party and minor parties, cementing their majority. A reassertion of Republican control in the Mid-Atlantic was key in the gain of new seats. However, with an improved economy, especially in the industrial sector, the election cycle featured no keystone issue, resulting in a general support for the status quo. The fading Populist Party held on to five House seats, while the sole member of the Silver Party changed parties to Democratic. This was the last time a third party headed into house elections with a party leader. All subsequent third parties to serve in the House would not select a party leader.

Election summaries
↓
151 6 200
Democratic [lower-alpha 2] Republican
State Type Total
seats		 Democratic Populist Republican Silver/
Silver Republican
Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change Seats Change
Alabama District 9 9 1 0 0 1 0
Arkansas District 6 6 0 0 0
California District 7 0 1 0 7 1 0
Colorado District 2 0 1 0 1[lower-alpha 3]
Connecticut District 4 0 0 4 0
Delaware At-large 1 0 0 1 0
Florida District 2 2 0 0 0
Georgia District 11 11 0 0 0
Idaho At-large 1 0 1 1 0 0 1[lower-alpha 4]
Illinois District 22 11 3 0 11 3 0
Indiana District 13 4 0 9 0
Iowa District 11 0 0 11 0
Kansas District
+at-large		 8 1 1 0 1 7 0
Kentucky District 11 8 1 0 3 1 0
Louisiana District 6 6 0 0 0
Maine[lower-alpha 5] District 4 0 0 4 0
Maryland District 6 0 2 0 6 2 0
Massachusetts District 13 3 0 10 0
Michigan District 12 0 0 12 0
Minnesota District 7 0 0 7 0
Mississippi District 7 7 0 0 0
Missouri District 15 12 0 3[lower-alpha 6] 0
Montana At-large 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
Nebraska District 6 2 1 2 1 2 0
Nevada At-large 1 1 1 0 0 0 1[lower-alpha 7]
New Hampshire District 2 0 0 2 0
New Jersey District 8 2 0 6 0
New York District 34 13 5 0 21 5 0
North Carolina District 9 7 1 0 1 2 0
North Dakota At-large 1 0 0 1 0
Ohio District 21 4 2 0 17 2 0
Oregon[lower-alpha 5] District 2 0 0 2 0
Pennsylvania District
+2 at-large		 30 4 6 0 26 6 0
Rhode Island District 2 0 0 2 0
South Carolina District 7 7 0 0 0
South Dakota At-large 2 0 0 2 0
Tennessee District 10 8 0 2 0
Texas District 13 13 1 0 0 1 0
Utah At-large 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
Vermont[lower-alpha 5] District 2 0 0 2 0
Virginia District 10 10 0 0 0
Washington At-large 2 0 0 2 0
West Virginia District 4 0 1 0 4 1 0
Wisconsin District 10 0 0 10 0
Wyoming At-large 1 0 0 1 0
Total 357 151
42.3%		 10 5
1.4%		 1 200
56.0%		 13 1[lower-alpha 3]
0.3%		 2
Popular vote
Republican
 
 50.65%
Democratic
 
 44.45%
Populist
 
 2.35%
Silver Republican
 
 0.40%
Independent
 
 0.33%
Others
 
 1.82%
House seats
Republican
 
 56.02%
Democratic
 
 42.30%
Populist
 
 1.40%
Silver Republican
 
 0.28%

The previous election of 1898 saw the election of 6 Populists, 2 Silver Republicans, and a Silver Party member.

[[File:57 us house membership.png|thumb|450px|
House seats by party holding plurality in state
  80+% Democratic
  80+% Populist
  80+% Republican
  60+ to 80% Democratic
  
  60+ to 80% Republican
  Up to 60% Democratic
  Up to 60% Populist
  Up to 60% Republican
]]		 [[File:57 us house changes.png|thumb|450px|
Net gain in party representation
  6+ Democratic gain
  
  6+ Republican gain
  3-5 Democratic gain
  
  3-5 Republican gain
  1-2 Democratic gain
  1-2 Populist gain
  1-2 Republican gain
  no net change
]]

Election dates

All the states held their elections November 6, 1900, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:

Special elections
See also: List of special elections to the United States House of Representatives
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 John Walter Smith Democratic 1898 Incumbent resigned January 12, 1900.
New member elected November 6, 1900.
Republican gain.
Pennsylvania 5 Alfred C. Harmer Republican 1876 Incumbent died March 6, 1900.
New member elected
Republican hold.
Alabama 8 Joseph Wheeler Democratic 1884 Incumbent resigned April 20, 1900.
New member elected
Democratic hold.
Delaware at-large John H. Hoffecker Republican 1898 Incumbent died June 16, 1900.
New member elected November 6, 1900.
Republican hold.
  • Y Walter O. Hoffecker (Republican) 53.50%
  • Edward Fowler (Democratic) 45.43%
  • Lewis M. Price (Prohibition) 0.94%
  • John P. Mettler (Social Democrat) 0.13%[5]
New Jersey 7 William Davis Daly Democratic 1898 Incumbent died July 31, 1900.
New member elected November 6, 1900.
Democratic hold.
California 2 Marion De Vries Democratic 1896 Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900.
New member elected November 6, 1900.
Republican gain.
Utah at-large
Virginia 4

J. William Stokes (Democratic) of South Carolina's 7th congressional district died in office on July 6, 1901 and was replaced in a special election by Asbury F. Lever (Democratic)

Alabama
See also: List of United States Representatives from Alabama
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Alabama 1
Alabama 2
Alabama 3
Alabama 4
Alabama 5
Alabama 6
Alabama 7
Alabama 8
Alabama 9

Arkansas
See also: List of United States Representatives from Arkansas
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Arkansas 1
Arkansas 2
Arkansas 3
Arkansas 4
Arkansas 5
Arkansas 6

California
Main article: 1900 United States House of Representatives elections in California
See also: List of United States Representatives from California
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
California 1 John All Barham Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold.
  • Y Frank Coombs (Republican) 55.3%
  • James F. Farraher (Democratic) 42.4%
  • William Morgan (Socialist) 1.6%
  • Charles T. Clark (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 2 Marion De Vries Democratic 1896 Incumbent resigned August 20, 1900 to accept a judicial position.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
California 3 Victor H. Metcalf Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Victor H. Metcalf (Republican) 58.3%
  • Frank Freeman (Democratic) 38%
  • R. A. Dague (Socialist) 2.6%
  • Alvin W. Holt (Prohibition) 1.1%
California 4 Julius Kahn Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Julius Kahn (Republican) 55.7%
  • R. Porter Ashe (Democratic) 38.2%
  • Charles C. O'Donnell (Independent) 3.6%
  • G. B. Benham (Socialist) 2.2%
  • Joseph Rowell (Prohibition) 0.3%
California 5 Eugene F. Loud Republican 1890 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Eugene F. Loud (Republican) 55.7%
  • J. H. Henry (Democratic) 41.3%
  • C. H. King Sr. (Socialist) 2.2%
  • Fred E. Caton (Prohibition) 0.8%
California 6 Russell J. Waters Republican 1898 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold
  • Y James McLachlan (Republican) 52.4%
  • W. D. Crichton (Democratic) 42.4%
  • Noble A. Richardson (Socialist) 3.1%
  • A. H. Hensley (Prohibition) 2.1%
California 7 James C. Needham Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y James C. Needham (Republican) 51.8%
  • William Graves (Democratic) 37.9%
  • H. G. Wilshire (Socialist) 7%
  • James Campbell (Prohibition) 3.2%

Colorado
See also: List of United States Representatives from Colorado
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Colorado 1
Colorado 2

Connecticut
See also: List of United States Representatives from Connecticut
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Connecticut 1
Connecticut 2
Connecticut 3
Connecticut 4

Delaware
See also: List of United States Representatives from Delaware
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Delaware at-large

Florida
Main article: 1900 United States House of Representatives elections in Florida
See also: List of United States Representatives from Florida
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Florida 1 Stephen M. Sparkman Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.
Florida 2 Robert Wyche Davis Democratic 1896 Incumbent re-elected.

Georgia
See also: List of United States Representatives from Georgia
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Georgia 1
Georgia 2
Georgia 3
Georgia 4
Georgia 5
Georgia 6
Georgia 7
Georgia 8
Georgia 9
Georgia 10
Georgia 11

Idaho
See also: List of United States Representatives from Idaho
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Idaho at-large

Illinois
See also: List of United States Representatives from Illinois
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Illinois 1
Illinois 2
Illinois 3
Illinois 4
Illinois 5
Illinois 6
Illinois 7
Illinois 8
Illinois 9
Illinois 10
Illinois 11
Illinois 12
Illinois 13
Illinois 14
Illinois 15
Illinois 16
Illinois 17
Illinois 18
Illinois 19
Illinois 20
Illinois 21
Illinois 22

Indiana
See also: List of United States Representatives from Indiana
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Indiana 1
Indiana 2
Indiana 3
Indiana 4
Indiana 5
Indiana 6
Indiana 7
Indiana 8
Indiana 9
Indiana 10
Indiana 11
Indiana 12
Indiana 13

Iowa
See also: List of United States Representatives from Iowa
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Iowa 1
Iowa 2
Iowa 3
Iowa 4
Iowa 5
Iowa 6
Iowa 7
Iowa 8
Iowa 9
Iowa 10
Iowa 11

Kansas
See also: List of United States Representatives from Kansas
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kansas 1
Kansas 2
Kansas 3
Kansas 4
Kansas 5
Kansas 6
Kansas 7
Kansas at-large

Kentucky
See also: List of United States Representatives from Kentucky
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Kentucky 1
Kentucky 2
Kentucky 3
Kentucky 4
Kentucky 5
Kentucky 6
Kentucky 7
Kentucky 8
Kentucky 9
Kentucky 10
Kentucky 11

Louisiana
See also: List of United States Representatives from Louisiana
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Louisiana 1
Louisiana 2
Louisiana 3
Louisiana 4
Louisiana 5
Louisiana 6

Maine
See also: List of United States Representatives from Maine
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maine 1
Maine 2
Maine 3
Maine 4

Maryland
Main article: 1900 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland
See also: List of United States Representatives from Maryland
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Maryland 1 John Walter Smith Democratic 1898 Incumbent resigned January 12, 1900 upon being elected Governor.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
Maryland 2 William Benjamin Baker Republican 1894 Incumbent retired.
New member elected.
Republican hold
Maryland 3 Frank C. Wachter Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Frank C. Wachter (Republican) 51.8%
  • Robert Fulton Leach, Jr. (Democratic) 46.8%
  • Henry Louis Hillegeist (Prohibition) 0.7%
  • Henry F. Magness (Union Reform) 0.1%
  • Levin Thomas Jones (Social Democrat) 0.6%
Maryland 4 James W. Denny Democratic 1898 Incumbent lost re-election.
New member elected.
Republican gain.
  • Y Charles R. Schirm (Republican) 50.7%
  • James W. Denny (Democratic) 45.9%
  • Charles C. O'Donnell (Independent) 3.6%
  • William Gisriel (Prohibition) 0.7%
  • Charles B. Backman (Social Democrat) 0.1%
Maryland 5 Sydney Emanuel Mudd I Republican 1896 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Sydney Emanuel Mudd I (Republican) 54.2%
  • Benjamin H. Camalier (Democratic) 44.8%
  • William H. Thompson (Prohibition) 0.9%
Maryland 6 George A. Pearre Republican 1898 Incumbent re-elected
  • Y George A. Pearre (Republican) 53.0%
  • Charles A. Little (Democratic) 45.4%
  • Samuel M. Hockman (Prohibition) 1.6%
  • George M. Fisher (Independent Republican) 0.1%
  • Robert W. Stevens (Independent) 0.0%
  • Charles T. Little () 0.0%

Nevada
See also: List of United States Representatives from Nevada
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
Nevada at-large Francis G. Newlands Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.

South Carolina
Main article: 1900 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina
See also: List of United States Representatives from South Carolina
District Incumbent This race
Member Party First elected Results Candidates
South Carolina 1 William Elliott Democratic 1886
1890 (Lost contest)
1890
1892 (Retired)
1894
1896 (Lost contest)
1896		 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 2 W. Jasper Talbert Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 3 Asbury Latimer Democratic 1892 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Y Asbury Latimer (Democratic) 97.5%
  • Anson C. Merrick (Republican) 2.5%
South Carolina 4 Stanyarne Wilson Democratic 1894 Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold
South Carolina 5 David E. Finley Democratic 1898 Incumbent re-elected.
South Carolina 6 James Norton Democratic 1897 (Special) Incumbent lost renomination.
New member elected.
Democratic hold
South Carolina 7 J. William Stokes Democratic 1894 Incumbent re-elected.

Non-voting delegates

Oklahoma Territory
See also: List of United States Representatives from Oklahoma
District Incumbent This race
Delegate Party First elected Results Candidates
Oklahoma Territory at-large Dennis T. Flynn Republican 1892
1894 (Lost)
1898		 Incumbent re-elected.

See also

Notes
  1. Regulars only, not including specials
  2. There was 1 Silver Republican and 5 Populists.
  3. Includes 1 member of the Silver Republican faction, John F. Shafroth, of CO-01.
  4. Previous election had 1 member from the Silver Republican Party faction.
  5. Elections held early.
  6. Elections in Missouri's 12th congressional district were contested multiple times, and the seat was considered vacant for much of the 57th Congress – Republican George C. Wagoner was finally seated just before the end of the 57th Congress.[3]
  7. Previous election had 1 member from the Silver Party.
  8. Also won special election to 56th Congress.
  9. Josiah Kerr (Republican) elected on same date to fill remainder of the term in the 56th Congress.
  10. Full name unknown

References
  1. "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, United States House of Representatives. Retrieved May 18, 2015.
  2. Martis, pp. 154–155.
  3. See Dubin, p. 333 and 337–338.
  4. "MD District 1 Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. December 11, 2003.
  5. "DE District At Large - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. January 13, 2006.
  6. "CA District 2 - Special Election Race - Nov 06, 1900". Our Campaigns. July 24, 2015.
  7. "Our Campaigns - Container Detail Page". www.ourcampaigns.com.
  8. https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=299873

Bibliography
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