1980 Portuguese legislative election

The Portuguese legislative election of 1980 took place on 5 October. The election renewed all 250 members of the Assembly of the Republic.

1980 Portuguese legislative election
5 October 1980
250 seats to the Portuguese Assembly
125 seats needed for a majority
Registered7,179,023 1.0%
Turnout6,026,395 (83.9%)
1.0 pp
  First party Second party Third party
 
Leader Francisco Sá Carneiro Mário Soares Álvaro Cunhal
Party PSD PS PCP
Alliance AD FRS APU
Leader since 29 April 1979[lower-alpha 1] 19 April 1973[lower-alpha 2] 1979
Leader's seat Lisbon[1] Lisbon[2] Lisbon
Last election 128 seats, 45.3% 74 seats, 27.3%1 47 seats, 18.8%
Seats won 134 74 41
Seat change 6 0 6
Popular vote 2,868,076 1,673,279 1,009,505
Percentage 47.6% 27.8% 16.8%
Swing 2.3 pp 0.5 pp 2.0 pp
Results by district or autonomous region
PSD ran alone in the Azores and Madeira.
PS ran alone in the Azores, Madeira, Europe and Rest of the World.
Prime Minister before election

Francisco Sá Carneiro
PSD

 Elected Prime Minister

Francisco Sá Carneiro
PSD

In January 1980, the Democratic Alliance, which had won the previous election, on 2 December 1979, entered office with Francisco Sá Carneiro leading the government. However, this election was an extraordinary election, and so, in 1980, another election was held.

Electoral system

The Assembly of the Republic has 250 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 126 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.[3]

The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.[4] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.[5]

For these elections, and compared with the 1979 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:[6]

DistrictNumber of MPs
Lisbon56
Porto38
Setúbal17
Braga15
Aveiro15
Coimbra12
Santarém12
Leiria11
Viseu10
Faro9
Castelo Branco6
Viana do Castelo6
Vila Real6
Madeira5
Azores5
Beja5
Évora5
Guarda5
Bragança4
Portalegre4
Europe2
Outside Europe2

Parties

The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the second half of the 1st legislature (1976-1980), as the 1979 election was a national by-election, and that also contested the elections:

Name Ideology Political position Leader 1979 result[7]
Votes (%) Seats
PPD/PSD Social Democratic Party
Partido Social Democrata		 Portuguese social democracy Centre Francisco Sá Carneiro 45.3%[lower-alpha 3]
80 / 250
CDS Democratic and Social Center
Centro Democrático e Social		 Christian democracy
Neoliberalism		 Centre-right
to right-wing		 Diogo Freitas do Amaral
43 / 250
PPM People's Monarchist Party
Partido Popular Monárquico		 Monarchism
Green conservatism		 Right-wing Gonçalo Ribeiro Telles
5 / 250
PS Socialist Party
Partido Socialista		 Social democracy Centre-left Mário Soares 27.3%[lower-alpha 4]
74 / 250
PCP Portuguese Communist Party
Partido Comunista Português		 Communism
Marxism–Leninism		 Far-left Álvaro Cunhal 18.8%[lower-alpha 5]
44 / 250
MDP/CDE Portuguese Democratic Movement
Movimento Democrático Português		 Left-wing nationalism
Democratic socialism		 Left-wing José Manuel Tengarrinha
3 / 250
UDP Popular Democratic Union
União Democrática Popular		 Marxism
Socialism		 Left-wing Mário Tomé 2.2%
1 / 250

Campaign period

Party slogans
Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Refs
AD « Garantir o progresso. » "Ensure progress." [8]
FRS « Um governo para todos. A sua segurança. » "A government for all. Your safety." [9]
APU « Vota APU, para a vitória de Abril » "Vote APU, for the victory of April" [10]
UDP « Abril de novo pela força do povo » "April again by the strength of the people" [11]

National summary of votes and seats
 Summary of the 5 October 1980 Assembly of the Republic elections results
Parties Votes % ± Seats MPs %/
votes %
1979 1980 ± % ±
Democratic Alliance[A] 2,706,66744.912.4121126550.402.01.12
Social Democratic[B] 147,6442.450.17813.200.41.31
Democratic and Social Centre[B] 13,7650.230.20000.000.00.0
Total Democratic Alliance 2,868,076 47.59 2.3 128 134 6 53.60 2.4 1.13
Republican and Socialist Front[C] 1,606,19826.65N/AN/A71N/A28.40N/A1.07
Socialist[D] 67,0811.11N/A743N/A1.20N/A1.08
Total Republican and Socialist Front 1,673,279 27.76 0.41 741 74 01 29.60 0.01 1.07
United People Alliance[E] 1,009,50516.752.04741616.402.40.98
People's Democratic Union 83,2041.380.81100.400.00.29
Workers Party of Socialist Unity 83,0951.381.20000.000.00.0
Revolutionary Socialist 60,4961.000.40000.000.00.0
Labour 39,4080.65N/AN/A0N/A0.00N/A0.0
Workers' Communist Party 35,4090.590.30000.000.00.0
PDC / MIRN/PDP / FN 23,8190.40N/AN/A0N/A0.00N/A0.0
Democratic Party of the Atlantic 8,5290.14N/AN/A0N/A0.00N/A0.0
OCMLP 3,9130.060.00000.000.00.0
Total valid 5,888,733 97.72 0.4 250 250 0 100.00 0 —
Blank ballots 34,5520.570.1
Invalid ballots 103,1401.710.3
Total 6,026,395 100.00
Registered voters/turnout 7,179,02383.941.0
A Alliance formed by the Social Democratic Party (74 seats), the Democratic and Social Centre (46 seats) and
the People's Monarchist Party (6 seats).
B Social Democratic Party and Democratic and Social Centre electoral list only in Azores and Madeira.
C Alliance formed by the Socialist Party (63 seats), the Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy (4 seats)
and the Independent Social-Democratic Action (4 seats).
D Socialist Party electoral list only in Azores and Madeira.
E Portuguese Communist Party (39 MPs) and Portuguese Democratic Movement (2 MPs) ran in coalition.[12]
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

1 Republican and Socialist Front results are compared to the combined totals of the Socialist Party in the 1979 election.

Vote share
AD
 
 44.91%
FRS
 
 26.65%
APU
 
 16.75%
PSD
 
 2.45%
UDP
 
 1.38%
POUS
 
 1.38%
PS
 
 1.11%
PSR
 
 1.00%
AOC
 
 0.65%
PCTP/MRPP
 
 0.59%
Others
 
 0.83%
Blank/Invalid
 
 2.28%
Parliamentary seats
AD
 
 50.40%
FRS
 
 28.40%
APU
 
 16.40%
PSD
 
 3.20%
PS
 
 1.20%
UDP
 
 0.40%

Distribution by constituency
 Results of the 1980 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic
by constituency
Constituency%S%S%S%S%S%S Total
S
AD FRS APU PSD PS UDP
Azores 3.1 - 57.0 4 27.3 1 1.3 - 5
Aveiro 58.8 10 27.1 4 6.8 1 15
Beja 22.4 1 21.1 1 47.1 3 1.3 - 5
Braga 54.9 9 29.3 5 8.4 1 0.9 - 15
Bragança 65.3 3 21.3 1 4.8 - 1.0 - 4
Castelo Branco 51.0 4 30.3 2 10.5 - 0.7 - 6
Coimbra 46.1 6 35.9 5 9.9 1 0.8 - 12
EvoraÉvora 29.2 1 18.7 1 45.7 3 0.9 - 5
Faro 37.2 4 34.7 4 16.7 1 1.9 - 9
Guarda 60.6 4 26.3 1 5.0 - 0.7 - 5
Leiria 59.8 7 22.7 3 9.7 1 1.0 - 11
Lisbon 41.6 25 28.1 17 23.1 13 1.7 1 56
Madeira 2.9 - 63.6 4 16.5 1 4.5 - 5
Portalegre 33.4 2 32.4 1 26.1 1 0.7 - 4
Porto 46.6 19 34.3 14 11.9 5 1.4 - 38
Santarém 42.1 6 30.4 4 19.0 2 1.2 - 12
Setúbal 24.1 4 23.5 4 44.0 9 2.8 - 17
Viana do Castelo 59.2 5 22.8 1 10.0 - 0.7 - 6
Vila Real 62.1 5 22.8 1 5.1 - 0.8 - 6
Viseu 66.8 8 20.9 2 5.0 - 0.6 - 10
Europe 49.6 1 15.2 - 25.4 1 1.4 - 2
Rest of the World 85.5 2 2.6 - 4.0 - 0.4 - 2
Total 44.9 126 26.7 71 16.8 41 2.5 8 1.1 3 1.4 1 250
Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições

Maps

Notes
  1. As leader of the Social Democratic Party (PSD).
  2. As leader of the Socialist Party (PS).
  3. The Social Democratic Party (PSD), the Democratic Social Center (CDS) and the People's Monarchist Party (PPM) contested the 1979 election in a coalition called Democratic Alliance (AD) and won a combined 45.3% of the vote and elected 128 MP's to parliament.
  4. The Socialist Party (PS), Left-wing Union for the Socialist Democracy (UEDS) and the Independent Social-Democratic Action (ASDI) would contest the 1980 election in a coalition called Republican and Socialist Front (FRS).
  5. The Portuguese Communist Party (PCP) and the Portuguese Democratic Movement (MDP/CDE) contested the 1979 election in a coalition called United People Alliance (APU) and won a combined 18.8% of the vote and elected 47 MPs to parliament.

References
  1. Diário da Républica, 3 de Novembro de 1980 - Lista de candidatos eleitos
  2. Fundação Mário Soares
  3. "Constitution of the Portuguese Republic" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2019-12-29.
  4. "Effective threshold in electoral systems". Trinity College, Dublin. Retrieved 2015-10-21.
  5. Gallaher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities"
  6. "Eleição da Assembleia da República de 5 de Outubro de 1980". CNE - Comissão Nacional de Eleições - Eleição da Assembleia da República de 5 de Outubro de 1980. Retrieved 3 December 2020.
  7. Composição dos Grupos Parlamentares/Partidos
  8. "Comunicação Política em eleições legislativas em Portugal: uma análise a partir dos cartazes eleitorais (1975-2009)" (PDF). Francisco Teixeira (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  9. "ELEIÇÕES LEGISLATIVAS DE 1980 – FRENTE REPUBLICANA E SOCIALISTA (PS + ASDI + UEDS)". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  10. "ELEIÇÕES LEGISLATIVAS DE 1980 – APU". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  11. "UDP – 1980". EPHEMERA (in Portuguese). Retrieved 12 May 2020.
  12. "Electoral results - Assembly of the Republic". Archived from the original on 2012-07-16. Retrieved 2012-09-02.

See also
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