Alphachrysovirus

Alphachrysovirus is a genus of double-stranded RNA viruses. It is one of two genera in the family Chrysoviridae.[2] They infect fungi, in particular Penicillium. Their name is derived from the Greek word chrysos which means yellow-green. There are currently 17 species in this genus including the type species Penicillium chrysogenum virus.[1][3]

Alphachrysovirus
Cryo-EM reconstruction of penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV) virions[1]
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Riboviria
Kingdom: Orthornavirae
Phylum: Duplornaviricota
Class: Chrymotiviricetes
Order: Ghabrivirales
Family: Chrysoviridae
Genus: Alphachrysovirus
Type species
Penicillium chrysogenum virus

Structure

Viruses in the genus Alphachrysovirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral geometries, and T=1, T=2 symmetry. The diameter is around 35–40 nm.[1][3]

Genome
Genome organization of Penicillium chrysogenum virus (PcV)[1]

Genomes are linear double-stranded RNA which is around 12.5 kbp in length. The genome codes for four proteins. The genome has three double stranded RNA segments. All have extended highly conserved terminal sequences at both ends.[1][3]

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by penetration into the host cell. Replication follows the double-stranded RNA virus replication model. Double-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by cell to cell movement. Fungi serve as the natural host.[1][3]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
AlphachrysovirusFungiNoneCytoplasmic exchange; sporogenesis; Hyphal anastomosisCytoplasmic exchange; sporogenesis; Hyphal anastomosisCytoplasmCytoplasmCytoplasmic exchange; sporogenesis; Hyphal anastomosis

Taxonomy
Phylogenetic tree of members of the family Chrysoviridae[1]

The following species are recognized:[4]

  • Amasya cherry disease associated chrysovirus
  • Anthurium mosaic-associated chrysovirus
  • Aspergillus fumigatus chrysovirus
  • Brassica campestris chrysovirus
  • Colletotrichum gloeosporioides chrysovirus
  • Cryphonectria nitschkei chrysovirus 1
  • Fusarium oxysporum chrysovirus 1
  • Helminthosporium victoriae virus 145S
  • Isaria javanica chrysovirus
  • Macrophomina phaseolina chrysovirus
  • Penicillium brevicompactum virus
  • Penicillium chrysogenum virus
  • Penicillium cyaneofulvum virus
  • Persea americana chrysovirus
  • Raphanus sativus chrysovirus
  • Shuangao insect-associated chrysovirus
  • Verticillium dahliae chrysovirus 1

References
  1. "ICTV Report Chrysoviridae".
  2. Kotta-Loizou, I; Castón, JR; Coutts, RHA; Hillman, BI; Jiang, D; Kim, DH; Moriyama, H; Suzuki, N; ICTV Report Consortium (February 2020). "ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Chrysoviridae". The Journal of General Virology. 101 (2): 143–144. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001383. PMC 7414429. PMID 31958044.
  3. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  4. "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
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