Astral Media

Astral Media's roots lie with Angreen Photo, a Canadian company founded in 1961. It was created when Montreal's Greenberg brothers,[2] led by Harold Greenberg, founded it to operate the photography concession in Miracle Mart, a department store chain. Its acquisition in 1963 of Bellevue Pathe led to photography rights at the Montreal Expo 1967 Worlds Fair, it eventually grew into a 125-store chain, Astral Photo,[2] the remnants of which are now owned by the Black's Photography chain. The store grew quickly into motion picture processing after acquiring the Pathé-Humphries motion picture lab in 1968 and Associated Screen News Industries of Montreal in 1969.[2]

Astral was constituted in 1973 under the name Astral Bellevue Pathé Limited. Astral eventually undertook videocassette duplication and video wholesaling. Astral also produced or executive produced over 100 feature films and television programs and television miniseries. the films were released by American Cinema Releasing.[3]

In 1983, the Greenbergs acquired complete control of two pay television networks, First Choice (now known as The Movie Network) and Premier Choix TVEC (now Super Écran), at which point Astral ceased to be directly involved in film and program production. The company would later expand its television operations by launching new specialty networks. Later, it also became involved with the home video market, lasting from the mid-1980s until at least 1996. In February 2000, Astral Communications changed its name to Astral Media, alongside Access Media.

In recent years, Astral had expanded into radio, beginning with the 2000 acquisition of Radiomutuel, and the 2002 purchase of most of the radio assets of Telemedia, although those companies' joint AM radio network Radiomedia was ultimately sold to Corus Entertainment for competitive reasons. Radiomutuel also owned a controlling share of outdoor advertising firm Omni Outdoor (which eventually became the fully owned Astral Out-of-Home division), as well as several French-language specialty channels such as Canal Vie, Ztélé, Séries+, VRAK.TV, and 50% stakes in MusiquePlus and MusiMax (then co-owned with CHUM Limited).

Former logo, from 2000 to 2010, using the full company name.

On February 23, 2007, Astral Media announced that it had signed a letter of intent and had entered into exclusive negotiations regarding the acquisition of "substantially all of the assets" of Standard Radio.[4] A formal agreement was later announced, with the proposed transaction being approved by the CRTC on September 28, and completed on October 29 of the same year. The transaction gave Astral Media a significant foothold in English-language radio.

In 2010, Astral Media re-located its headquarters to 1800 McGill College Avenue, in a skyscraper rechristened Maison Astral. In May, the company unveiled a new logo featuring a multi-coloured "A" insignia (reflecting ideals of "collaboration" and "creativity"). At this time, the company began to trade as simply "Astral".[5]

On March 16, 2012, Astral Media announced that it had agreed to be acquired by Bell Media for $3.38 billion. Astral Media shareholders approved the acquisition of all of its issued and outstanding shares by Bell Media on May 24, 2012;[6] the acquisition of Astral Media's issued and outstanding shares by Bell received approval by the Quebec Superior Court during a hearing on May 25, 2012.[7]

The proposed sale faced opposition: a coalition of Cogeco, Vidéotron, and Eastlink argued that Bell's market share following the merger would harm consumer choice, and that Bell would raise carriage fees for Astral's channels (impacting smaller providers).[8] During a CRTC's hearing, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation argued that Bell's proposal to use its mandatory tangible benefits to launch a French-language news channel (which would compete with its own Réseau de l'information) was "self-serving and unprecedented."[9] In September 2012, the Competition Bureau stated that it was becoming "increasingly concerned" about the implications of the merger, and warned that it could oppose the deal even if it were to be approved by the CRTC.[10]

On October 18, 2012, the CRTC announced that it had rejected BCE's proposal to acquire Astral Media. The commission cited that their combined market power could "threaten the availability of diverse programming for Canadians and endanger the ability of distribution undertakings to deliver programming at affordable rates and on reasonable terms on multiple platforms", and also stated that allowing the merger would have required the implementation of "extensive and intrusive safeguards" across the entire broadcasting industry. The CRTC also felt that Bell did not adequately demonstrate how having most of Canada's French-language media owned by two vertically integrated companies would improve competition, and how being bigger would allow it to compete against foreign services.[11]

Following the rejection of the deal by the CRTC, Bell Canada CEO George A. Cope asserted that calling the merger dead was "premature", citing that the formal merger agreement between Bell and Astral did not expire until December 16, 2012, and either company could extend it to January 15, 2013. Bell attempted to ask the Cabinet to overturn the CRTC's decision, but was told that they did not have the ability to do so. Bell also reportedly considered going to the Federal Court of Appeal, or restructuring the deal to selectively sell Astral assets to competing companies. Rogers Media expressed interest in acquiring some of Astral's channels if such a sale were to occur.[12][13] On November 16, 2012, Astral confirmed that it was in talks with Bell to negotiate a new offer, which would involve the sale of the majority of its English-language television channels to third parties.[14]

On March 4, 2013, the Competition Bureau approved a new proposal by Bell to acquire Astral Media, which would involve the divestiture of certain television channels and radio stations owned by the combined company, and was subject to restrictions preventing Bell from imposing restrictive bundling requirements on any provider seeking to carry The Movie Network or Super Écran.[15] The CRTC made the proposed takeover proposal public on March 6, 2013.[16] Unlike the previous deal, which would have given Bell a 42% share of the English-language television market, the new deal gave Bell a total market share of 35.7%, and increased its French-language market share to 22% (in comparison to 8% before).[17][18] On March 18, 2013, the Competition Bureau cleared a proposed deal to sell Astral's stakes in several channels to Corus Entertainment in preparation for regulatory approval.[18]

In a speech to the Academy of Canadian Cinema and Television prior to the hearings, Bell Media's president Kevin Crull detailed plans to invest in French-language productions and maintain a distinct operation in Montreal devoted to its French-language outlets. Crull also praised the role of Québecor Média (despite the company being opposed to the merger) in using its own vertical integration strategy to help promote Francophone talent, and revealed his intention to try and emulate its "star system" in English Canada.[19]

CRTC hearings on the new proposals began in May 2013. Asserting that it would have to sell or shut down the station without one, Bell organized a petition proposing an exception to the ownership cap that would allow it to maintain ownership of CKGM, under the condition that Bell maintain the TSN Radio format on the station and provide $245,000 in funding for local amateur sports and scholarships in sports journalism over a seven-year period. Commissioner Suzanne Lamarre commented that Bell could have sold another station instead, given most of the comments on Bell's petition only supported CKGM maintaining a sports radio format, and not Bell's purchase of Astral. In response, Bell's CEO George A. Cope commented that the company did not want to sell off profitable radio stations, and Astral CEO Jacques Parisien remarked that breaking up its Montreal cluster would affect their operation.[20]

Rogers called on the CRTC to require that Bell divest The Movie Network, claiming that Bell would make it harder and more expensive for competing service providers to access The Movie Network's content (especially on its own Anyplace TV and on-demand services) if Bell were to own the service. Bell disputed Rogers' claims, stating that the company already had a long-term deal to distribute The Movie Network on its cablesystems, and noted that Rogers had expressed interest in purchasing the service if it were to be divested.[21] Bell indicated that it would not go ahead with the deal if it were forced by the CRTC to sell additional media outlets.[22] Rogers also showed interest in making a "reasonable offer" to purchase CKGM as a complement to its recently acquired TV station CJNT-DT. Under Rogers ownership, CKGM would have kept its sports talk format, but as a Sportsnet Radio station instead of TSN Radio.[23]

On June 27, 2013, the CRTC approved Bell's acquisition of Astral Media, which closed on July 5, 2013. The deal was subject to conditions, including the requirement for Bell to provide fair treatment to its competitors, to not impose "restrictive bundling practices" on Astral's premium movie channels, invest $246.9 million over the next seven years on Canadian-produced programming, and to maintain the operation and local programming levels of all of its television stations through 2017. The CRTC also approved Bell's proposed exemptions for maintaining ownership of CKGM.[24][25]

Following the approval of the new proposal by the Competition Bureau, Corus Entertainment reached a tentative deal to acquire 2 radio stations (CJOT, CKQB), along with Astral's stakes in Historia, Séries+, and the Teletoon networks from Bell for just over $400 million. In 2017, Corus attempted to sell Historia and Séries to Bell for $200 million, but the deal was blocked and rejected by the Competition Bureau for violations of conditions forbidding Bell from re-acquiring divested Astral properties for ten years.[26]

Bell also divested Family Channel, Disney Junior (English and French), Disney XD, MusiMax, MusiquePlus, and 5 other radio stations in Toronto and Vancouver (CHBM-FM, CFXJ-FM, CKZZ-FM, CHHR-FM and CISL) at auction.[15] These divested stations and channels were temporarily held in a blind trust by Pierre Boivin until the completion of their acquisitions.[27]

On May 16, 2013, the Jim Pattison Group announced a deal to acquire three stations in Calgary and Winnipeg from Bell and Astral—CKCE-FM, CHIQ-FM, and CFQX, for an undisclosed amount. The deal expanded the Jim Pattison Group's operations in Calgary (where it was planning to launch a new station, CHPK-FM), and gave the company its first stations in Manitoba.[28] On August 26, 2013, Newcap Radio announced its intent to acquire the five aforementioned Toronto and Vancouver stations.[29]

On November 28, 2013, DHX Media announced that it had reached a deal to acquire Family Channel and its sister networks for $170 million.[30][31] On December 4, 2013, Remstar, owners of the French television system V, announced that it would acquire MusiquePlus and MusiMax for an undisclosed amount.[32]

• Calgary - CIBK, CJAY, CKMX, CKCE-FM
• Edmonton - CFBR, CFRN, CFMG

• Dawson Creek - CJDC
• Fort Nelson - CKRX
• Fort St. John - CHRX, CKNL
• Golden - CKGR
• Invermere - CKIR
• Kelowna - CHSU, CILK, CKFR
• Kitimat - CKTK
• Nelson - CKKC
• Osoyoos - CJOR
• Penticton - CJMG, CKOR
• Prince Rupert - CHTK
• Princeton - CIOR
• Revelstoke - CKCR
• Salmon Arm - CKXR
• Summerland - CHOR
• Terrace - CFTK, CJFW
• Trail - CJAT
• Vancouver - CKZZ †, CHHR †, CISL †
• Vernon - CICF

• Brandon - CKX, CKXA
• Selkirk - CFQX †
• Winnipeg - CHIQ-FM†, CKMM

• Bathurst - CKBC-FM
• Fredericton - CFXY-FM, CIBX-FM, CKHJ
• Grand Falls - CIKX-FM
• Woodstock - CJCJ-FM

• Truro - CKTO-FM, CKTY-FM

• Hamilton - CHAM, CKLH, CKOC
• London - CIQM, CJBK, CJBX, CKSL
• Ottawa - CJOT †, CKQB †
• Pembroke - CHVR
• St. Catharines - CHRE, CHTZ, CKTB
• Toronto - CFRB, CHBM †, CKFM

• Montreal - CHOM, CJAD, CJFM

• CHIK-FM 98.9, Quebec City
• CIGB-FM 102.3, Trois-Rivières / Mauricie
• CIKI-FM 98.7, Rimouski
• CIMO-FM 106.1, Magog / Estrie
• CJAB-FM 94.5, Saguenay
• CJDM-FM 92.1, Drummondville
• CJMM-FM 99.1, Rouyn-Noranda
• CJMV-FM 102.7, Val-d'Or
• CKMF-FM 94.3, Montreal
• CKTF-FM 104.1, Gatineau / Outaouais

• CFIX-FM 96.9, Saguenay
• CFVM-FM 99.9, Amqui
• CHEY-FM 94.7, Trois-Rivières / Mauricie
• CHRD-FM 105.3, Drummondville
• CIMF-FM 94.9, Gatineau / Outaouais
• CITE-FM 107.3, Montreal
• CITE-FM-1 102.7, Sherbrooke / Estrie
• CITF-FM 107.5, Quebec City
• CJOI-FM 102.9, Rimouski

• CFEI-FM 106.5, Saint-Hyacinthe
• CFZZ-FM 104.1, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

• Regina - CHBD

• Dawson Creek - CJDC (now owned by Bell Media, reverted from CBC Television affiliation to CTV Two affiliation in 2016)
• Terrace - CFTK (now owned by Bell Media, reverted from CBC Television affiliation to CTV Two affiliation in 2016)

• Family - 3 multiplex channels (now owned by DHX Media)
  • Disney Junior (English) (renamed Family Jr. by owner DHX Media after DHX lost the rights to Disney Channel programming to Corus)
  • Disney XD (renamed Family Chrgd by owner DHX Media after DHX lost the rights to Disney Channel programming to Corus)
  • Disney Junior (French) (renamed Télémagino by owner DHX Media after DHX lost the rights to Disney Channel programming to Corus)
• The Movie Network - 4 multiplex channels, including HBO Canada (now owned by Bell Media and renamed Crave as of November 1, 2018[33])
• TMN Encore - 2 multiplex channels (renamed Starz by new owner Bell Media in 2019)
• Teletoon (purchased by Corus Entertainment)
  • Teletoon Retro (shut down on September 1, 2015, license and carriage subsumed by Cartoon Network)
  • Cartoon Network (ceased operating as a separately-licensed service on September 1, 2015, moving under Teletoon Retro's license thereafter)
• BiteTV (now fully owned by Blue Ant Media as of July 5, 2013 and renamed as Makeful)
• Aux (purchased by Blue Ant Media on July 5, 2013 and now known as A. Side)
• Travel + Escape (following announcement of Astral being acquired by Bell Media on July 5, 2013, became owned by Blue Ant Media, and renamed as just T+E in March 2018, after shifting to supernatural and paranormal programming)

• Canal D (now owned by Bell Media)
  • Upcoming spin-off channel focusing on justice and forensic programming in the form of documentaries, magazine series, dramas and reality television series (launched by Bell Media as Canal D/Investigation on December 12, 2013 following the Astral Media acquisition before renaming itself to just Investigation)
• Canal Vie (now owned by Bell Media)
• Cinépop (now owned by Bell Media)
• Disney Junior (French) (renamed Télémagino by owner DHX Media after DHX lost the rights to Disney Channel programming to Corus)
• Historia (now fully owned by Corus Entertainment as of January 1, 2014)
• MusiMax (now owned by V Media Group, later became a general entertainment channel now known as Max)
• MusiquePlus (now owned by V Media Group, and renamed Elle Fictions as of 2019)
• Séries+ (now fully owned by Corus Entertainment as of January 1, 2014)
• Super Écran - 4 multiplex channels (now owned by Bell Media)
• Télétoon (now fully owned by Corus Entertainment as of January 1, 2014)
  • Télétoon Rétro (shut down on September 1, 2015 and replaced by Disney La Chaîne in its channel allotments under Corus ownership)
• Vrak.TV (now owned by Bell Media and known as Vrak)
• Ztélé (now owned by Bell Media and known as Z)

• Télétoon la nuit — An adult-oriented animated block and website.
• Séries+ — A canadian french language discretionary service and website.
• Cinépop — A canadian french language category B pay television channel and website.

• Viewers Choice (50.1%, shut down on September 30, 2014 due to redundancy with Bell and Rogers PPV services, Vu! and Sportsnet PPV)