Bayamón, Puerto Rico

Bayamón (Spanish pronunciation: [baʝaˈmon]) is a municipality of Puerto Rico located in the northern coastal valley, north of Aguas Buenas and Comerío; south of Toa Baja and Cataño; west of Guaynabo; and east of Toa Alta and Naranjito. Bayamón is spread over 11 barrios and Bayamón Pueblo (the downtown area and the administrative center of the city). It is part of the San Juan-Caguas-Guaynabo Metropolitan Statistical Area.

Not to be confused with Bayamo.
Bayamón
Aerial view of Bayamón, with the Universidad Metropolitana spanning the highway
Flag
Coat of arms
Nicknames: 
"La Ciudad del Chicharrón" (The Porkrind City), "La Ciudad de Vaqueros" (The City of Cowboys), La Ciudad de las Ciencias ("The City of Science"), "La Ciudad del Tapón" (The City of Traffic Jams)
Motto(s): 
In Hoc Signo Vinces (Latin for: "By this sign you will conquer")
Anthem: "Bayamón, ciudad hermosa"
Map of Puerto Rico highlighting Bayamón Municipality
Coordinates: 18°22′48″N 66°09′48″W
Commonwealth Puerto Rico
FoundedMay 22, 1772
Barrios
Government
 • MayorRamón Luis Rivera, Jr. (PNP)
 • Senatorial dist.2 – Bayamón
 • Representative dist.7, 8, 9
Area
 • Total44.53 sq mi (115.34 km2)
 • Land44.38 sq mi (114.95 km2)
 • Water0.15 sq mi (0.39 km2)
Elevation
52 ft (16 m)
Population
 (2015)
 • Total239,116
 • Density5,400/sq mi (2,100/km2)
Time zoneUTC-4 (AST)
ZIP Codes
00956, 00957, 00959, 00961, 00960, 00958
Area code(s)787/939
Major routes

Websitemunicipiodebayamon.com

History
See also: Timeline of Bayamón, Puerto Rico

The Taíno people, the indigenous peoples who encountered European explorers and settlers, were the long-time settlers in this area. The Spanish colonist Juan Ramírez de Arellano established Bayamón as a Spanish settlement on May 22, 1772. Two beliefs exist about the origin of the name Bayamón. According to one belief, it was named after the local Taíno chief, Bahamon. As per the other belief, the name was derived from the Taíno word Bayamongo, which is a river that runs across this region, implying that Bayamón is the area around this main river, which later on became the center of the city's development.

In 1821, Marcos Xiorro, an African slave, planned to lead a revolt against the sugarcane plantation owners and the Spanish colonial government in Puerto Rico. The slave conspiracy was revealed and suppressed, but Xiorro became a hero among the slaves. He is part of Puerto Rico's folklore. Marco Xiorro was owned by Vicente Andino, a militia captain who owned a sugarcane plantation in Bayamón.[1]

After the Treaty of Paris (1898), the U.S. conducted its first census of Puerto Rico, which recorded the population of Bayamón as 19,940.[2]

Hurricane Maria
Hurricane Maria relief efforts in Bayamón on Oct. 17

Hurricane Maria on September 20, 2017, triggered numerous landslides in Bayamón with the significant amount of rainfall.[3][4]

Geography

Bayamón lies in the Northern Coastal Plain region of Puerto Rico. It is bordered by the municipalities of Toa Baja, Cataño, Comerío, Aguas Buenas, Toa Alta, Naranjito, and Guaynabo. Bayamón has a surface area of 43.5 square miles (113.1 km2). The terrain is mostly flat, but it does include some large hills such as La Peña and Vergaras.[5]

Bayamón is Puerto Rico's second-most populous municipality and is part of the large metropolitan area centered around San Juan. Other cities included in the metropolitan area are Guaynabo, Cataño, Toa Baja, Canóvanas, Carolina and Trujillo Alto. Bayamón is served by the Luis Muñoz Marín airport. Despite the city's size, it has no weather station.

Water features

The rivers that pass through Bayamón include the Río Bayamón, Río Hondo, Río Minillas, Río Bucarabones and Río Cuesta Arriba.

Barrios
Subdivisions of Bayamón

Like all municipalities of Puerto Rico, Bayamón is subdivided into barrios. The municipal buildings, central square and large Catholic church are located in a small barrio referred to as "el pueblo".[6][7][8]

  1. Buena Vista
  2. Cerro Gordo
  3. Dajaos
  4. Guaraguao Abajo
  5. Guaraguao Arriba
  6. Hato Tejas
  7. Juan Sánchez
  8. Minillas
  9. Nuevo
  10. Pájaros
  11. Bayamón barrio-pueblo[9]
  12. Santa Olaya

Sectors

Barrios (which are like minor civil divisions)[9] and subbarrios,[10][11][12] in turn, are further subdivided into smaller local populated place areas/units called sectores (sectors in English). The types of sectores may vary, from normally sector to urbanización to reparto to barriada to residencial, among others.[13][14][15]

Special Communities
See also: Puerto Rico Office for Socioeconomic and Community Development

Comunidades Especiales de Puerto Rico (Special Communities of Puerto Rico) are marginalized communities whose citizens are experiencing a certain amount of social exclusion. A map shows these communities occur in nearly every municipality of the commonwealth. Of the 742 places that were on the list in 2014, the following barrios, communities, sectors, or neighborhoods were in Bayamón: Abra Estrecha, Barriada Vista Alegre, Juan Sánchez, Nuevo, Bda. Cedeño in Pájaros, Collores in Santa Olaya, Corea, Dajaos, El Chícharo, Sector Gandul, El Volcán, La Cambija, La Caridad, La Morenita, Los Viejitos, Papito, Sergio Reyes, Parcelas Sabanas, and Punta Brava.[16]

Tourism
House where Dr. José Celso Barbosa was born
Marqués de la Serna Bridge in Bayamón's City Center, built in 1869. It is the first metal bridge to have been built in the island, and the only metal arch bridge that exists in Puerto Rico.

Bayamón is the site of several notable Puerto Rican landmarks and places of interest. Bayamón Central Park is a public park where people gather and relax. Bayamon also hosts the Braulio Castillo Theater, the Francisco Oller Museum, and the José Celso Barbosa Monument. The Bayamón City Hall building is notable by being built across a major divided highway. While walking through a connecting corridor, right above the road, pedestrians can see passing cars underneath. It is believed to be the only building of its class in the world.[17]

One of the most popular attractions in Bayamón is the Parque de las Ciencias. It is a science-themed park with various exhibitions and attractions. It is located in the middle of karstic hills. An observation building on one of the hills gives a good view of the metropolitan area. That building also hosts antennas for government and civil communication.

El parque del tren was a park featuring what was then Puerto Rico's only working train (domestic commercial flights as well as highways and vehicle use had overtaken the railroads in Puerto Rico). It also featured a DC-3, which had been used by United Airlines. In 2001, the park was dismantled and destroyed in the course of major road construction, still underway. What is left of the park is a small plaza for activities and an area for jogging and passive entertainment.

Shopping is also a major tourist activity in Bayamón. Plaza del Sol and Plaza Rio Hondo are major commercial centers in the city. Also, many American restaurant franchises such as Famous Dave's (replaced by Red Lobster) and Olive Garden were first inaugurated in Bayamón before expanding to other locations throughout the island.

A suspension bridge in Bayamón is a pedestrian-only bridge, at the time it was built, it was believed to be one of only three of its kind in Puerto Rico.[18]

Culture

Festivals and events

Bayamón celebrates its patron saint festival in May. The Festival de la Santa Cruz is a religious and cultural celebration that generally features parades, games, artisans, amusement rides, regional food, and live entertainment.[19]

Other festivals and events celebrated in Bayamón include:

  • José Celso Barbosa Birthday Commemoration – July
  • Tree Lighting Ceremony – November
  • Caminata por la diabetes (Diabetes Walk) - November

Sports
The mayor watching the Puerto Rico Islanders at Juan Ramon Loubriel
Puerto Rico Islanders fans at Juan Ramón Loubriel Stadium

There are several professional and amateur sports team based in Bayamón. The Vaqueros de Bayamón are the local basketball team that plays at the Baloncesto Superior Nacional league. They are currently tied with the Atléticos de San Germán and the Leones de Ponce for the team with the most championships in the history of the league (14), the last of which was achieved in 2009. The team's host venue is the Coliseo Rubén Rodríguez.

The Vaqueros de Bayamón was also the name of the baseball club which played from 1974 through 2003 in the Professional Baseball League of Puerto Rico, and played its home games at Juan Ramón Loubriel Stadium.

The city also has a female volleyball team, named the Vaqueras de Bayamón, which plays for the Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino.

Recently, Bayamón has become popular for being the hometown of the Puerto Rico Islanders and Puerto Rico FC of the North American Soccer League. The teams played at Juan Ramón Loubriel Stadium in Bayamón.

The city's main soccer team, Bayamón FC, was founded in 1999. They play their home matches at Bayamón Soccer Complex.

The famous boxing fight between Alexis Argüello and Alfredo Escalera dubbed The Bloody Battle of Bayamon (their first; their equally legendary rematch was held in Rimini, Italy) was held in Bayamón in 1978. Also, professional boxers Luis Del Valle, Wilfredo Vazquez and Wilfredo Vazquez Jr. are from Bayamón. International Boxing Hall of Fame member Hector Camacho was born in Bayamon. Current boxing prospect Jean "Chapito" Rivera is from the Bayamon.

Bayamón sports teams
Club Sport League Venue League Championships
Bayamón FC Football Liga Puerto Rico Bayamón Soccer Complex
Vaqueros de Bayamón Basketball Baloncesto Superior Nacional Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum BSN Championships (14)
Vaqueras de Bayamón Volleyball Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino Rubén Rodríguez Coliseum

Recreation

The municipal government of Bayamón manages a wide variety of recreational programs and recreational facilities for public use. The Onofre Carballeira Sports Complex consists of the Juan Ramón Loubriel Soccer Stadium, home of Puerto Rico's only professional soccer team, the Ruben Rodríguez Coliseum, home of the city's male basketball team and female volleyball team, and the Miguel J. Frau Gymnasium. The Rafael Martínez Nadal Sports Complex's main feature is the Pepín Cestero indoor court, where much of the city's minor league basketball and volleyball major events take place. Also, the Efraín Calcaño Alicea Sports Complex located in the Lomas Verdes community is home to much of the track and field and swimming events in the region. The Honda Tennis Center, inaugurated in 2002, is composed of 16 tennis courts and is used by local tennis clubs as well as visitors.

A pioneer in the development of soccer in Puerto Rico, mayor Ramón Luis Rivera, Jr. inaugurated the Bayamón Soccer Complex in 2011, which consists of three professional soccer fields located off the PR-5 Highway.

The Paseo del Rio (Paseo Lineal) near the Bayamón River is a 6-mile stretch shared by joggers, walkers and cyclists. It is divided in two lanes, one for the bicycles and the other for running or walking. The Rio Bayamón Golf Course is located near one of the endpoints of the trail and is home to most golf activity in the region.

Parque Nacional Julio Enrique Mónagas has trails used by mountain bikers to train and compete. It also has cliffs where rappelling enthusiasts can practice. Monagas, as the locals refer to it, has trails for riders of all skill levels. Unpaved roads for beginners, single tracks and very technical single tracks, some of them with downhills. All within the metropolitan area. After hurricane Maria, the tracks were lost, yet by 2019, most of them had been repaired and reopened.

The city also has many smaller baseball parks, open basketball courts, soccer fields, gymnasiums, and communal centers available to the community.

Economy

Agriculture

The founding of the town of Bayamón is closely tied to the cultivation of sugarcane. The products currently grown in Bayamón include coffee, grapefruit, sugarcane, tobacco and vegetables. Bayamón was also the site where the first hydraulic sugar mill on the island was built in 1549.[20]

Business

Notable malls are:

Goya Foods has its Puerto Rico offices in Bayamón.[21]

Demographics

Puerto Rico was ceded by Spain in the aftermath of the Spanish–American War under the terms of the Treaty of Paris of 1898 and became a territory of the United States. In 1899, the United States conducted its first census of Puerto Rico finding that the population of Bayamón was 19,940.

Historical population
CensusPop.%±
190019,940—
191029,98650.4%
192030,7392.5%
193029,524−4.0%
194037,19026.0%
195048,00029.1%
196072,22150.5%
1970156,192116.3%
1980196,20625.6%
1990220,26212.3%
2000224,0441.7%
2010208,116−7.1%
U.S. Decennial Census[22]
1899 (shown as 1900)[23] 1910-1930[24]
1930-1950[25] 1960-2000[26] 2010[7]
Race – Bayamón, Puerto Rico – 2012 ACS 5-year estimates[27]
Race Population % of Total
White125,45860.5%
Black/Afro-Puerto Rican15,1797.3%
American Indian and Alaska Native1,1320.5%
Asian6600.3%
Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander50.0%
Some other race17,4428.4%
Two or more races or mixed-race persons47,48122.9%

Government
See also: List of mayors of Bayamón, Puerto Rico and Mayoralty in Puerto Rico

All municipalities in Puerto Rico are administered by a mayor, elected every four years. The current mayor of Bayamón is Ramón Luis Rivera, Jr., of the New Progressive Party (PNP). He was elected at the 2000 general elections, succeeding his father, Ramón Luis Rivera, after 23 years. For a list of all the mayors of Bayamón see "External Links".

The city belongs to the Puerto Rico Senatorial district II, which is represented by two Senators. Migdalia Padilla and Carmelo Ríos Santiago have served as District Senators since 2005.[28]

Symbols

Flag

The current flag of Bayamón features the Scandinavian Cross found in many Nordic Cross flags. It was embroidered by Mrs. Gloria M. León and maintains the design and colors of its coat of arms.

Coat of arms

This shield is a symbol and synthesis of the history and the values which distinguish the city of Bayamón. The main colors of the shield are blue and silver, representing the waters of the Bayamón river and recalling that it was on these banks that the first hydraulic sugarcane refinery of Puerto Rico was established in 1549. The center contains the Holy Cross (Santa Cruz), patron of the first church of the municipality and the name of the old sugarcane refinery "Santa Cruz", which was the historical origin of the town of Bayamón. The sugarcane flowers (guajanas) allude directly to the sugarcane industry that is of social and economic importance to the origin and development of Bayamón.[29]

The five-tower crown, which is used for cities, was assigned to Bayamón as an exception for its extraordinary urban development, the magnitude of its population and for its religious dignity, which will possibly be raised to become Episcopal seat. The motto "IN HOC SIGNO VINCES" makes reference to Emperor Constantine when in the 4th century had the vision in which the victory was promised to him if it accepted the Cross of Christianity as his banner.

Education

Like all municipalities, public education is administered by Puerto Rico Department of Education. Due to its population and location within the metropolitan region, Bayamón is home to many public and private schools. During the 2014–2015 academic year, over 150 public schools ranging from elementary school to high school were located in the Bayamón school region. On the other hand, the city is also home to numerous private schools of which most have a religious affiliation. Some of the better known religious private schools include Colegio De La Salle, Academia Santo Tomás de Aquino, Academia Santa Rosa, Colegio Beato Carlos Manuel Rodríguez, and Academia Discípulos de Cristo (non-Catholic). Non-religious schools in the city include Bayamón Military Academy and the American School.

Bayamón also has many higher-learning institutions such as the University of Puerto Rico at Bayamón, which is one of the eleven campuses that comprise the University of Puerto Rico public university system. Furthermore, the city is also home to some of the most recognized private universities in the island, such as the Interamerican University of Puerto Rico and its School of Optometry, Bayamón Central University, American University of Puerto Rico, Universidad Central del Caribe, and some community colleges. In addition, the Metropolitan University (Universidad Metropolitana), better known as UMET, has a campus in downtown Bayamón.

Colleges / schools / universities
  • Escuela de Quiropráctica de la Universidad Central del Caribe (UCC)[30]

Transportation
Tren Urbano at Bayamón Station

Bayamón station is the final stop for the Tren Urbano, with three of its stops located within the city. The Deportivo train station, located off the PR-2 Highway, is near the Santa Rosa Mall, the Bayamón Court of First Instance and the Onofre Carballeira Sports Complex, where the Juan Ramón Loubriel Football Stadium is located.

The city also has a trolley service with regular routes in Downtown Bayamón.

There are 77 bridges in Bayamón.[31]

Diplomacy

Bayamón serves as the host city for foreign consular representation in Puerto Rico for the following nations:

Notable natives and residents

See also

References
  1. Guillermo A. Baralt, Slave Revolts in Puerto Rico: Conspiracies and Uprisings, 1795–1873, Markus Wiener Publishers; ISBN 1-55876-463-1, ISBN 978-1-55876-463-7
  2. Joseph Prentiss Sanger; Henry Gannett; Walter Francis Willcox (1900). Informe sobre el censo de Puerto Rico, 1899, United States. War Dept. Porto Rico Census Office (in Spanish). Imprenta del gobierno. p. 161. Archived from the original on 2012-11-15. Retrieved 2020-01-28.
  3. "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico". USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived from the original on 2019-03-03. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  4. "Preliminary Locations of Landslide Impacts from Hurricane Maria, Puerto Rico" (PDF). USGS Landslide Hazards Program. USGS. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-03-03. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  5. "Bayamón Municipality". enciclopediapr.org. Fundación Puertorriqueña de las Humanidades (FPH). Archived from the original on 2019-06-18. Retrieved 2019-03-20.
  6. Gwillim Law (20 May 2015). Administrative Subdivisions of Countries: A Comprehensive World Reference, 1900 through 1998. McFarland. p. 300. ISBN 978-1-4766-0447-3. Retrieved 25 December 2018.
  7. Puerto Rico:2010:population and housing unit counts.pdf (PDF). U.S. Dept. of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2018-12-28.
  8. "Map of Bayamón at the Wayback Machine" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-03-24. Retrieved 2018-12-29.
  9. "US Census Barrio-Pueblo definition". factfinder.com. US Census. Archived from the original on 13 May 2017. Retrieved 5 January 2019.
  10. "P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Bayamón Municipio 000, PR" (PDF). www2.census.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  11. "P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Bayamón Municipio 001, PR" (PDF). www2.census.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  12. "P.L. 94-171 VTD/SLD Reference Map (2010 Census): Bayamón Municipio 002, PR" (PDF). www2.census.gov. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020.
  13. "Agencia: Oficina del Coordinador General para el Financiamiento Socioeconómico y la Autogestión (Proposed 2016 Budget)". Puerto Rico Budgets (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 28 June 2019. Retrieved 28 June 2019.
  14. Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza: Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004 (first ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0
  15. "Leyes del 2001". Lex Juris Puerto Rico (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 14 September 2018. Retrieved 24 June 2020.
  16. Rivera Quintero, Marcia (2014), El vuelo de la esperanza:Proyecto de las Comunidades Especiales Puerto Rico, 1997-2004 (Primera edición ed.), San Juan, Puerto Rico Fundación Sila M. Calderón, p. 273, ISBN 978-0-9820806-1-0
  17. "Bayamon City Hall, Puerto Rico | By Puerto Rico Channel". www.puertorico.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
  18. "Bayamon, Puerto Rico | By Puerto Rico Channel". www.puertorico.com. Archived from the original on 2018-07-09. Retrieved 2018-07-08.
  19. J.D. (2006-05-02). "Bayamón". Link To Puerto Rico.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2016-04-12. Retrieved 2020-07-18.
  20. "Municipalities: Bayamón". enciclopediapr.org. Archived from the original on 2016-08-01. Retrieved 2016-01-11.
  21. "Contact Us Archived 2011-04-24 at the Wayback Machine." Goya Foods. Retrieved on March 26, 2016. "Goya Foods of Puerto Rico, Inc. Urbanización Industrial Luchetti Avenida Francisco de Goya Esquina 5 Bayamon, Puerto Rico 00961"
  22. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on April 26, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  23. "Report of the Census of Porto Rico 1899". War Department Office Director Census of Porto Rico. Archived from the original on July 16, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  24. "Table 3-Population of Municipalities: 1930 1920 and 1910" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 17, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  25. "Table 4-Area and Population of Municipalities Urban and Rural: 1930 to 1950" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 30, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2014.
  26. "Table 2 Population and Housing Units: 1960 to 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 24, 2017. Retrieved September 21, 2017.
  27. "Ethnicity 2010 census". Archived from the original on 2020-02-12. Retrieved 2011-11-10.
  28. Elecciones Generales 2008: Escrutinio General Archived November 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine on CEEPUR
  29. "BAYAMON". LexJuris (Leyes y Jurisprudencia) de Puerto Rico (in Spanish). 19 February 2020. Archived from the original on 19 February 2020. Retrieved 16 September 2020.
  30. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-11-02. Retrieved 2019-11-02.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. "Bayamón Bridges". National Bridge Inventory Data. US Dept. of Transportation. Archived from the original on 21 February 2019. Retrieved 20 February 2019.

Bibliography
See also: Bibliography of the history of Bayamón, Puerto Rico
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