Califon, New Jersey

Califon is a borough in Hunterdon County, New Jersey, United States. As of the 2010 United States Census, the borough's population was 1,076,[7][8][9] reflecting an increase of 21 (+2.0%) from the 1,055 counted in the 2000 Census, which had in turn declined by 18 (-1.7%) from the 1,073 counted in the 1990 Census.[19]

Califon, New Jersey
Borough
Borough of Califon
Califon Station, built in 1893 in downtown, as seen in April 2011.
Map of Califon in Hunterdon County. Inset: Location of Hunterdon County highlighted in the State of New Jersey.
Census Bureau map of Califon, New Jersey
Califon
Location in Hunterdon County
Califon
Location in New Jersey
Califon
Location in the United States
Coordinates: 40.719471°N 74.836915°W / 40.719471; -74.836915[1][2]
Country United States
State New Jersey
County Hunterdon
IncorporatedApril 2, 1918
Named forCalifornia
Government
 • TypeBorough
 • BodyBorough Council
 • MayorCharles Daniel (D, term ends December 31, 2022)[4][5]
 • Administrator / Municipal clerkLaura Eidsvaag[4]
Area
 • Total0.98 sq mi (2.54 km2)
 • Land0.96 sq mi (2.48 km2)
 • Water0.02 sq mi (0.05 km2)  2.04%
Area rank502nd of 565 in state
23rd of 26 in county[1]
Elevation479 ft (146 m)
Population
 • Total1,076
 • Estimate 
(2019)[10]
1,046
 • Rank531st of 566 in state
24th of 26 in county[11]
 • Density1,133.3/sq mi (437.6/km2)
 • Density rank363rd of 566 in state
6th of 26 in county[11]
Time zoneUTC−05:00 (Eastern (EST))
 • Summer (DST)UTC−04:00 (Eastern (EDT))
ZIP Code
07830[12][13]
Area code(s)908[14]
FIPS code3401909280[1][15][16]
GNIS feature ID0885176[1][17]
Websitewww.califonboro.org
Califon Historic District
Califon Bridge
LocationMain and Academy Streets, Califon, New Jersey
Area164 acres (66 ha)
Architectural styleLate 19th and 20th Century Revivals, Late Victorian, Mid 19th Century
NRHP reference No.76001157[18]
Added to NRHPOctober 14, 1976

The town was to originally have been called California, but the name was shortened to Califon in order to fit on the welcome sign. Alternatively, the name was related to a bright yellow cattle feed sold during the Gold Rush.[20][21]

History

Califon was a station on the High Bridge Branch of the Central Railroad of New Jersey. The rail line was abandoned in 1976 and now serves as a Hunterdon County-administered rail trail called Columbia Trail, which runs south to High Bridge and north to points in Morris County.

Though the mills were present in the area of Califon for some time prior to its incorporation as a town, it was quite a while before growth became evident in the mid-nineteenth century. It was first called California, from Jacob Neighbor's enthusiasm in the milling business about the time the California Gold Rush broke out. The Borough was incorporated by an act of the New Jersey Legislature from portions of both Lebanon and Tewksbury Townships on April 2, 1918.[22]

Local legend has it that California became a regular stop for weekend excursion trains through the countryside. When riders bought their tickets they were issued a voucher good for an ice cream; the train would stop so tourists could wander around and cash in their ice cream coupons. Anxious to exploit this source of outside revenue, residents petitioned the railroad to let them build a real station, which they did as a community project. Citing the local account again, two sign painters who came to letter the sign rode the train from Dunellen, but the background paint wasn't dry when they arrived. They sat and drank at the hotel, which later burned down. By the time the sign was ready for their artistic touch, the local tale says, "Califon" was as close to California as the inebriated painters could manage.

Califon is situated just north of the Ken Lockwood Gorge on the South Branch of the Raritan River; this pristine stretch of clear water and forest is a well-known treasure for New Jersey trout fishermen.

The Califon Historic District is a 164-acre (66 ha) historic district that was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. It included 154 contributing buildings, three contributing structures, and one contributing site,[18] created through the efforts of the Califon Historical Society. Califon is a Victorian-style enclave where the houses are marked with the names of the builders and their dates of establishment rather than with street numbers.

The center of Califon is the historic iron bridge spanning the South Branch of the Raritan River, which divides the borough.[23] Recently the State of New Jersey announced that the bridge would be replaced because a loaded school bus represented more weight than the aging bridge could safely carry. Incensed citizens objected, protective of the landmark, and found a colorful but simple solution; the school bus stops at one end of the bridge unloading the students, who then walk across to the other side. Then the empty bus, within imposed weight limits, drives across and the students get back on the bus to continue their ride. Thus the bridge was saved. (Account featured on Califon website).

The 1943 short story, "The Greatest Gift," was set in a town inspired by Califon and adapted into the 1946 classic film It's a Wonderful Life. Author Philip Van Doren Stern said in a 1946 interview, "Incidentally, the movie takes place in Westchester County. Actually, the town I had in mind was Califon, N.J." The historic iron bridge in Califon is similar to the bridge that George Bailey considered jumping from in the movie.[24]

Califon became a regional household name when frequently mentioned by Merv Griffin on his TV show during the 1970s. He and his wife Juliette owned a home in nearby Lebanon Township, which had a Califon mailing address, and, while they were married, they were often seen visiting the village in a fringed-top Bermuda-style resort cart. Califon Productions created all of his television ventures.[25]

Hoffman's Crossing was named for the Hoffmans, a family that farmed land that lies just south of Califon Bridge, along present day Route 513.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough had a total area of 0.98 square miles (2.54 km2), including 0.96 square miles (2.48 km2) of land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km2) of water (2.04%).[1][2]

Califon borders the Hunterdon County municipalities of Lebanon Township and Tewksbury Township.[26][27][28]

Lower Valley is an unincorporated community located along the border of Califon and Lebanon Township.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1920513—
19305344.1%
19405727.1%
19506238.9%
196077724.7%
197097024.8%
19801,0235.5%
19901,0734.9%
20001,055−1.7%
20101,0762.0%
2019 (est.)1,046[10][29]−2.8%
Population sources: 1920[30]
1920-1930[31] 1930-1990[32]
2000[33][34] 2010[7][8][9]

Census 2010

The 2010 United States Census counted 1,076 people, 394 households, and 309 families in the borough. The population density was 1,133.3 per square mile (437.6/km2). There were 419 housing units at an average density of 441.3 per square mile (170.4/km2). The racial makeup was 96.10% (1,034) White, 0.28% (3) Black or African American, 0.09% (1) Native American, 0.84% (9) Asian, 0.00% (0) Pacific Islander, 0.09% (1) from other races, and 2.60% (28) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.30% (14) of the population.[7]

Of the 394 households, 40.1% had children under the age of 18; 67.8% were married couples living together; 7.6% had a female householder with no husband present and 21.6% were non-families. Of all households, 17.8% were made up of individuals and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.14.[7]

28.2% of the population were under the age of 18, 4.8% from 18 to 24, 22.6% from 25 to 44, 34.9% from 45 to 64, and 9.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41.9 years. For every 100 females, the population had 93.5 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older there were 88.5 males.[7]

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $108,375 (with a margin of error of +/- $9,026) and the median family income was $110,365 (+/- $5,782). Males had a median income of $95,536 (+/- $13,555) versus $73,958 (+/- $14,845) for females. The per capita income for the borough was $42,975 (+/- $5,250). About 1.7% of families and 2.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.8% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.[35]

Census 2000

As of the 2000 United States Census[15] there were 1,055 people, 401 households, and 301 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,093.2 people per square mile (419.9/km2). There were 410 housing units at an average density of 424.9 per square mile (163.2/km2). The racial makeup of the borough was 98.67% White, 0.76% Asian, and 0.57% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.[33][34]

There were 401 households, out of which 36.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68.8% were married couples living together, 4.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.7% were non-families. 21.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.11.[33][34]

In the borough the population was spread out, with 26.8% under the age of 18, 4.1% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 27.9% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 91.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.1 males.[33][34]

The median income for a household in the borough was $76,657, and the median income for a family was $85,963. Males had a median income of $59,167 versus $41,125 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $31,064. About 3.3% of families and 4.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 2.5% of those under age 18 and 14.8% of those age 65 or over.[33][34]

Government

Local government

Califon is governed under the Borough form of New Jersey municipal government, which is used in 218 municipalities (of the 565) statewide, making it the most common form of government in New Jersey.[36] The governing body is comprised of a Mayor and a Borough Council, with all positions elected at-large on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. A Mayor is elected directly by the voters to a four-year term of office. The Borough Council is comprised of six members elected to serve three-year terms on a staggered basis, with two seats coming up for election each year in a three-year cycle.[3] The Borough form of government used by Califon is a "weak mayor / strong council" government in which council members act as the legislative body with the mayor presiding at meetings and voting only in the event of a tie. The mayor can veto ordinances subject to an override by a two-thirds majority vote of the council. The mayor makes committee and liaison assignments for council members, and most appointments are made by the mayor with the advice and consent of the council.[37][38]

As of 2020, the Mayor of Califon Borough is Democrat Charles Daniel, whose term of office ends December 31, 2022. Members of the Califon Borough Council are Council President Michael P. Medea (D, 2021), Richard Baggstrom (R, 2020), John Collins (D, 2022), Ed Haversang (R, 2020), Leo M. Janas (D, 2021) and Cathy Smith (D, 2022).[4][39][40][41][42][43][44]

Police coverage in the borough is provided by the Washington Township (Morris County) Police Department under the terms of a shared services agreement between the two municipalities.[45]

Federal, state and county representation

Califon is located in the 7th Congressional District[46] and is part of New Jersey's 23rd state legislative district.[8][47][48] Prior to the 2011 reapportionment following the 2010 Census, Califon had been in the 24th state legislative district.[49]

For the 116th United States Congress. New Jersey's Seventh Congressional District is represented by Tom Malinowski (D, Ringoes).[50] New Jersey is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Cory Booker (Newark, term ends 2021)[51] and Bob Menendez (Paramus, term ends 2025).[52][53]

For the 2018–2019 session (Senate, General Assembly), the 23rd Legislative District of the New Jersey Legislature is represented in the State Senate by Michael J. Doherty (R, Washington Township, Warren County) and in the General Assembly by John DiMaio (R, Hackettstown) and Erik Peterson (R, Franklin Township, Hunterdon County).[54][55]

Hunterdon County is governed by a five-member Board of Chosen Freeholders, who serve three-year terms of office at-large on a staggered basis, with either one or two seats up for election each year on a partisan basis as part of the November general election. At an annual reorganization meeting held each January, the freeholders select one member to serve as the board's Director and another to serve as Deputy Director.[56] As of 2015, Hunterdon County's Freeholders are Freeholder Director John King (R; Raritan Township, 2015),[57] Freeholder Deputy Director Suzanne Lagay (R; Holland Township, 2016),[58] J. Matthew Holt (R; Clinton Town, 2015),[59] John E. Lanza (R; Flemington, 2016)[60] and Robert G. Walton (R; Hampton, 2017).[61][62] Constitutional officers elected on a countywide basis are County Clerk Mary H. Melfi (R; Flemington, 2017),[63] Sheriff Fredrick W. Brown (R; Alexandria Township, 2016)[64] and Surrogate Susan J. Hoffman (R; Kingwood Township, 2018).[65][66][67]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 723 registered voters in Califon, of which 214 (29.6%) were registered as Democrats, 252 (34.9%) were registered as Republicans and 257 (35.5%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were no voters registered to other parties.[68]

In the 2012 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 51.0% of the vote (290 cast), ahead of Republican Mitt Romney with 47.3% (269 votes), and other candidates with 1.8% (10 votes), among the 573 ballots cast by the borough's 773 registered voters (4 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 74.1%.[69][70] In the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama received 51.1% of the vote (324 cast), ahead of Republican John McCain with 46.4% (294 votes) and other candidates with 1.7% (11 votes), among the 634 ballots cast by the borough's 792 registered voters, for a turnout of 80.1%.[71] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 51.2% of the vote (330 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry with 47.2% (304 votes) and other candidates with 1.3% (10 votes), among the 644 ballots cast by the borough's 796 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 80.9.[72]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 62.4% of the vote (237 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 35.3% (134 votes), and other candidates with 2.4% (9 votes), among the 383 ballots cast by the borough's 774 registered voters (3 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 49.5%.[73][74] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 55.4% of the vote (251 ballots cast), ahead of Democrat Jon Corzine with 30.5% (138 votes), Independent Chris Daggett with 12.1% (55 votes) and other candidates with 0.9% (4 votes), among the 453 ballots cast by the borough's 772 registered voters, yielding a 58.7% turnout.[75]

Education

The Califon School District serves students in public school for pre-kindergarten through eighth grade at Califon Public School.[76][77] As of the 2017–18 school year, the district, comprised of one school, had an enrollment of 90 students and 16.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 5.5:1.[78] In the 2016–17 school year, Califon had the seventh-smallest enrollment of any school district in the state.[79]

Public school students in ninth through twelfth grades attend Voorhees High School, which also serves students from Glen Gardner, Hampton, High Bridge, Lebanon Township and Tewksbury Township.[80][81] As of the 2017–18 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,023 students and 86.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.9:1.[82] The school is part of the North Hunterdon-Voorhees Regional High School District, which also includes students from Bethlehem Township, Clinton Town, Clinton Township, Franklin Township, Lebanon Borough and Union Township who attend North Hunterdon High School in Annandale.[83][84][85]

Eighth grade students from all of Hunterdon County are eligible to apply to attend the high school programs offered by the Hunterdon County Vocational School District, a county-wide vocational school district that offers career and technical education at its campuses in Raritan Township and at programs sited at local high schools, with no tuition charged to students for attendance.[86]

Transportation
CR 512 in Califon

As of May 2010, the borough had a total of 11.50 miles (18.51 km) of roadways, of which 9.50 miles (15.29 km) were maintained by the municipality and 2.00 miles (3.22 km) by Hunterdon County.[87]

County Routes 512[88] and 513[89] are the most prominent roads passing through Califon.

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Califon include:

References
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  79. Guion, Payton. "These 43 N.J. school districts have fewer than 200 students", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 2017. Accessed January 30, 2020. "Based on data from the state Department of Education from the last school year and the Census Bureau, NJ Advance Media made a list of the smallest of the small school districts in the state, excluding charter schools and specialty institutions.... 7. Califon Borough - Enrollment: 93; Grades: Pre-K-8; County: Hunterdon"
  80. Voorhees High School 2015 Report Card Narrative, New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed June 3, 2016. "Voorhees High School has consistently ranked among the top high schools in New Jersey and was named a National Blue Ribbon School in 2015. With an enrollment of 1,095 students in grades 9-12, the school serves the communities of Califon, Glen Gardner, Hampton, High Bridge, Lebanon Township, and Tewksbury Township."
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  83. About the North Hunterdon-Voorhees Regional High School District, North Hunterdon-Voorhees Regional High School District. Accessed February 13, 2015. "North Hunterdon High School educates students from: Bethlehem Township, Clinton Town, Clinton Township, Franklin Township, Lebanon Borough, Union Township; Voorhees High School educates students from: Califon, Glen Gardner, Hampton, High Bridge, Lebanon Township, Tewksbury Township"
  84. Information Regarding Choice of District School, North Hunterdon-Voorhees Regional High School District. Accessed February 13, 2015. "In the past, parents and students of the North Hunterdon High School sending districts were able to select either North Hunterdon High School or Voorhees High School as their school of choice.... As our student population continued to grow and our two high schools reached, and exceeded, 90% capacity, the option of choosing Voorhees was eliminated in the 2005-2006 school year for the North Hunterdon sending districts (Bethlehem Township, Clinton Township, Franklin Township, Lebanon Borough and Union Township – Clinton Town students still have choice as they are classmates at Clinton Public School with Glen Gardner students, who attend Voorhees)."
  85. About the District North Hunterdoon-Voorhees Regional High School District. Accessed February 13, 2015. "North Hunterdon High School educates students from: Bethlehem Township, Clinton Town, Clinton Township, Franklin Township, Lebanon Borough, Union Township; Voorhees High School educates students from: Califon, Glen Gardner, Hampton, High Bridge, Lebanon Township, Tewksbury Township"
  86. Heyboer, Kelly. "How to get your kid a seat in one of N.J.'s hardest-to-get-into high schools", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 2017. Accessed November 18, 2019. "Hunterdon County's vo-tech district has three academies for high-achieving students, all operating in partnerships with local high schools.... The academies are open to all students in the county. Students in the 8th grade are required to submit an application, schedule an interview and take a placement exam."
  87. Hunterdon County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
  88. County Route 512 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated November 2012. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  89. County Route 513 Straight Line Diagram, New Jersey Department of Transportation, updated November 2012. Accessed November 15, 2019.
  90. "Thomas W. Greelish, 51, Ex-U.S. Attorney for N.J.". The Record. June 25, 1991.
  91. McLellan, Dennis. "Merv Griffin, entertainment mogul, dies", The Record, August 13, 2007. Accessed September 4, 2007. "He stabled quarter horses at his former home in Califon, in Hunterdon County."
  92. "F.B. Harrison, 83, U.S. Ex-Aide, Dies", The New York Times, November 22, 1957. Accessed March 20, 2011.
  93. Fensom, Michael J. "Red Bulls sign former Princeton defender Teddy Schneider", The Star-Ledger, April 12, 2011. Accessed July 3, 2011. "The Red Bulls announced today the signing of former Princeton defender Teddy Schneider.... A native of Califon and Delbarton alum, the 5-6, 130-pound Schneider will play left back for the Red Bulls."
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