Cory Booker

On January 9, 2002, Booker announced his campaign for Mayor of Newark rather than running for re-election as councilman.[19][20] That pitted him against longtime incumbent Sharpe James. James, who had easily won election four consecutive times, saw Booker as a real threat and responded with mudslinging. At one campaign event James called him "a Republican who took money from the KKK [and] Taliban ... [who's] collaborating with the Jews to take over Newark."[19][21] In the campaign James' supporters questioned Booker's suburban background, calling him a carpetbagger who was "not black enough" to understand the city.[22] Booker lost the election on May 14, garnering 47% of the vote to James' 53%.[20] The election was chronicled in the Oscar-nominated documentary Street Fight.[23]

During the campaign, Booker founded the nonprofit organization Newark Now.[24]

Booker announced on February 11, 2006, that he would again run for mayor.[25] Although incumbent Mayor Sharpe James filed paperwork to run for reelection, shortly thereafter he announced that he would instead cancel his bid to focus on his work as a state senator, a position to which he was originally elected in 1999.[26] At James's discretion, Deputy Mayor Ronald Rice decided to run as well.[27] Booker's campaign outspent Rice's 25 to 1, for which Rice attacked him. In addition to raising over $6 million for the race, Booker attacked Rice as a "political crony" of James.[28][29] Booker won the May 9 election with 72% of the vote. His slate of city council candidates, known as the "Booker Team," swept the council elections, giving Booker firm leadership of the city government.[30]

On April 3, 2010, Booker announced his campaign for reelection. At his announcement event, he remarked that a "united government" was crucial to progress, knowing his supporters in the city council faced tough reelections.[31] Heavily favored to win, Booker faced former judge and Essex County prosecutor Clifford J. Minor, as well as two minor candidates.[32][33] On May 11, Booker won reelection with 59% of the vote.[34]

Before taking office as mayor, Booker sued the James administration, seeking to terminate cut-rate land deals favoring two redevelopment agencies that had contributed to James's campaigns and listed James as a member of their advisory boards. Booker argued that the state's "pay-to-play" laws had been violated and that the land deals would cost the city more than $15 million in lost revenue. Specifically, Booker referenced a parcel at Broad and South Streets that would generate only $87,000 under the proposed land deals yet was valued at $3.7 million under then-current market rates.[35] On June 20, 2006, Superior Court Judge Patricia Costello ruled in favor of Booker.[36]

In late June 2006, before Booker took office, New Jersey investigators foiled a plot to assassinate Booker led by Bloods gang leaders inside four New Jersey state prisons. The motive for the plot was unclear, but was described variously as a response to the acrimonious campaign[37] and to Booker's campaign promises to take a harder line on crime.[37]

Booker at a fundraiser with New York County District Attorney candidate Cyrus Vance Jr. in 2009

Booker assumed office as Mayor of Newark on July 1, 2006.[38][39][40] After his first week in office, he announced a 100-day plan to implement reforms in Newark. The proposed changes included increasing police forces, ending background checks for many city jobs to help former offenders find employment in the city, refurbishing police stations, improving city services, and expanding summer youth programs.[41]

One of Booker's first priorities was to reduce the city's crime rate. In furtherance of this, he appointed Garry McCarthy, former deputy commissioner of operations of the New York City Police Department, as director of the Newark Police Department.[42] Crime reduction was such a central concern to the Booker administration that Booker, along with his security team, was known to personally patrol the streets of Newark until as late as 4 a.m.[43]

Booker was a member of the Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition,[44] a bipartisan group with a stated goal of "making the public safer by getting illegal guns off the streets". Booker was honored in October 2009 by the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence with the Sarah Brady Visionary Award for his work in reducing gun violence.[45] During his mayoralty, crime dropped significantly in Newark, which led the nation in violent crime reduction from 2006 to 2008.[43] March 2010 marked Newark's first murder-free month in over 44 years,[46] although murder and overall crime rates began to rise again after 2008.[47] In addition to his crime-lowering initiatives, Booker doubled the amount of affordable housing under development and quadrupled the amount under pre-development, and reduced the city budget deficit from $180 million to $73 million.[48][49][50]

After taking office, Booker voluntarily reduced his own salary twice, reducing his salary by 8% early in his first year as mayor.[51] He also raised the salaries of many city workers.[43] However, his administration imposed one-day-a-month furloughs for all non-uniformed employees from July through December 2010, as well as 2% pay cuts for managers and directors earning more than $100,000 a year.[52] In 2008 and 2009, the City of Newark received the Government Finance Officers Association's Distinguished Budget Presentation Award.[53][54] In an effort to make government more accessible, Booker held regular open office hours during which city residents could meet with him personally to discuss their concerns.[55] In 2010, Booker was among the finalists for the World Mayor prize, ultimately placing seventh;[56] he was an unsuccessful candidate for the 2012 award.[57] In March 2010, Booker won a Shorty Award in the government category being judged to have the best microblog.[58]

In July 2010, Booker attended a dinner at a conference in Sun Valley, Idaho, where he was seated with Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg.[59] Zuckerberg, who had no known ties to Newark, announced in September 2010 that he was donating $100 million of his personal fortune to the Newark school system. According to an article in The New York Times, Booker and Zuckerberg continued their conversation about Booker's plans for Newark.[60] The initial gift was made to start a foundation for education. The gift was formally announced when Booker, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, and Zuckerberg appeared together on The Oprah Winfrey Show.[61] The timing of Zuckerberg's donation was questioned by some as a move for damage control to his image, as it was announced on the opening day of the movie The Social Network, a film that painted an unflattering portrait of Zuckerberg. On her show, however, Winfrey told the audience that Zuckerberg and Booker had been in talks for months and they had previously planned the announcement for the month before. She said she and Booker had to force Zuckerberg to put his name to the donation which he had wanted to make anonymously.[62]

On October 10, 2010, Booker established Let's Move! Newark as part of First Lady Michelle Obama's national Let's Move! initiative against childhood obesity.[63]

Booker gained national attention on December 28, 2010, when a constituent asked him on Twitter to send someone to her father's house to shovel his driveway because her elderly father was about to attempt to do it himself. Booker responded by tweeting, "I will do it myself; where does he live?" Other people volunteered, including one person who offered his help on Twitter, and 20 minutes later Booker and some volunteers showed up and shoveled the man's driveway.[64][65]

In October 2011, Booker expanded the Let's Move! Newark program to include Let's Move! Newark: Our Power, a four-month fitness challenge for Newark public school students run by public health advocate Jeff Halevy.[66]

On April 12, 2012, Booker saved a woman from a house fire, suffering smoke inhalation and second-degree burns on his hands in the process. Newark Fire Chief John Centanni said that Booker's actions possibly saved the woman's life.[67] After Hurricane Sandy destroyed much of the shoreline areas of New Jersey and New York in late October 2012, Booker invited Newarkers without electrictiy and similar services to eat and sleep in his home.[68] In February 2013, responding to a Twitter post, Booker helped a nervous constituent propose to his girlfriend.[69] Booker rescued a dog from freezing temperatures in January 2013 and another dog that had been abandoned in a cage in July 2013.[70][71]

On November 20, 2012, a melee occurred at a Newark City Council meeting attended by Booker.[72] The nine-seat council was to vote on the successor to the seat vacated by newly elected U.S. Representative Donald M. Payne, Jr. Booker's opponents on the council, including Ras Baraka, sought to appoint John Sharpe James, son of the former mayor, while Booker and his supporters favored Shanique Speight. Booker attended the meeting to deal with the eventuality of the lack of a quorum or a tie vote, in which state law would allow him to cast a deciding vote. After Baraka was refused an opportunity to address the council by acting Council President Anibal Ramos Jr., Baraka and two other council members walked away in protest. Booker cast the deciding vote for Speight. Supporters of James stormed the stage and were held back by riot police, who eventually used pepper spray on some members of the crowd.[73] Baraka later blamed Booker for inciting the disturbance, while Booker refused comment to the media after the vote.[72][73]

In December 2012, after discussions with a constituent about New Jersey's Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Booker began a week-long challenge attempting to live on a food budget of $30 per week—the amount SNAP recipients receive.[74] When critics noted that the very name of the SNAP program shows that it is intended to "supplement" an individual's food budget, not be its sole source, Booker replied that his aim was to spark a discussion about the reality that many Americans rely solely on food stamps to survive.[75]

The Newark Watershed comprises 35,000 acres of pristine land and reservoirs that supply water to municipalities in northern New Jersey.[76] A New Jersey State Comptroller report issued in February 2014 revealed irregularities and corruption within the Newark Watershed and Development Corporation, which was in the process of being dismantled after being taken over by the city during Booker's mayoralty.[77][78][79][80]

Throughout Booker's mayoralty, Fairleigh Dickinson University's public opinion poll PublicMind asked New Jersey residents statewide whether or not they had heard of Mayor Booker and whether they had a favorable or unfavorable opinion of him. The results are as follows:

March 2014[86]

• Name recognition: 88%
• Favorable opinion: 47%
• Unfavorable opinion: 23%

Booker's mayoralty and celebrity drew substantial media attention to Newark. While he enjoyed high ratings from city residents, his legacy has received mixed reviews. During his tenure, millions of dollars were invested in downtown development, but underemployment and high murder rates continue to characterize many of the city's neighborhoods.[87][88][89] Despite legal challenges initiated during his term, Newark Public Schools has remained under control of the state for nearly twenty years.[90] Newark received $32 million in emergency state aid in 2011 and 2012, requiring a memorandum of understanding between Newark and the state that obligated the city to request and the state to approve appointments to city hall administrative positions.[91]

While Mayor of Newark, Booker claimed in an interview that Newark's unemployment rate had fallen by two percentage points.[92] The statement was rated "false" by PolitiFact, because he used data that had not been seasonally adjusted; the adjusted rate was 0.7 percentage points.[92]

Booker's swearing in as Senator, with his mother and Vice President Joe Biden

Booker in 2014

On December 20, 2012, Booker announced that he would explore running for the U.S. Senate seat that was then occupied by Frank Lautenberg in the 2014 election, ending speculation that he would challenge Governor Chris Christie in the 2013 gubernatorial election.[93] On January 11, 2013, Booker filed papers to form a campaign committee,[94] without announcing whether he would run.[95] Roughly one month later, incumbent Lautenberg—then 89 years of age—announced that he would not seek reelection in 2014.[96]

On June 3, Lautenberg died of viral pneumonia; five days later, Booker announced his intention to run for Lautenberg's seat in a 2013 special election. Booker announced his candidacy at two events: one in Newark and the other in Willingboro.[97]

On August 13, 2013, Booker was declared the winner of the Democratic primary, with approximately 59% of the vote. On October 16, 2013, he defeated Republican Steve Lonegan in the general election, 54.9% to 44.0%.[98] Booker was the first African-American to be elected to the Senate since Barack Obama in 2004.[99][100][101][102] The night before his victory, Booker visited the gravesite of Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, offering prayers and lighting a vigil candle in memory of his father.[103][104]

Booker resigned as Mayor of Newark on October 30, 2013,[105] and was sworn in on October 31, 2013, as the junior U.S. Senator from New Jersey.[106] He is the first African-American U.S. Senator from New Jersey.[99][100][101][102]

On January 9, 2014, Brian D. Goldberg, a West Orange resident and New Jersey businessman, announced that he would seek the Republican nomination for U.S. Senate.[107] On January 27, 2014, Freehold Township businessman Richard J. "Rich" Pezzullo announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination. Pezzullo had previously run for the US Senate in 1996 as the Conservative Party candidate.[108] On February 4, 2014, conservative political consultant Jeff Bell announced his bid for the nomination. Bell was the Republican Party nominee for U.S. Senate in 1978.[109] Ramapo College professor Murray Sabrin, who ran for the Senate in 2000 and 2008, announced another run on February 13.[110]

Bell won the Republican primary and received support from the conservative American Principles Fund, which ran a direct mail operation costing over $80,000, and the National Organization for Marriage, an organization opposed to same-sex marriage, which paid for $6,000 of automated calling.[111] Booker defeated Bell in the general election, capturing 55.8% of the vote to Bell's 42.4%.[112]

In his 2020 re-election campaign, Booker faced Republican nominee Rik Mehta, a pharmaceutical executive and attorney.[113] The election was primarily conducted through the use of mail-in ballots, as mandated by Governor Phil Murphy in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[114] Both Booker and Mehta participated in a virtual debate sponsored by the New Jersey Globe, in which the two candidates sparred over issues including the Trump presidency, COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns, the nomination of Amy Coney Barrett to the Supreme Court, and systemic racism.[115][116]

In the November 3 general election, Booker defeated Mehta by a margin of 57%–41%.[117]

Booker with Judge Merrick Garland, 2016

On October 31, 2013, Booker was sworn into the Senate.[118][119] In November 2013, Booker co-sponsored and voted for the Employment Non-Discrimination Act.[120] In December 2013, he was one of the original cosponsors of Bob Menéndez's Nuclear Weapon Free Iran Act of 2013, which would toughen sanctions against Iran.[121] He also voted for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014[122] and the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2013.[123] In January 2014, he cosponsored the Respect for Marriage Act.[124] In February 2014, Booker voted against the Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013.[125] In March, Booker pledged to meet with each of his Republican colleagues in the Senate in order to find common ground, and was spotted having dinner with Senator Ted Cruz in Washington.[126]

Leading up to the 2016 presidential election, Booker endorsed Hillary Clinton for the Democratic nomination. He was speculated as a potential vice presidential candidate during the primary and as the general election began, though Booker stated on June 16, 2016, that he was not being vetted.[127] After the election, in which Donald Trump defeated Clinton, on January 11, 2017, Booker testified against Attorney General nominee Jeff Sessions, the first instance of a sitting senator testifying against another during a cabinet position confirmation hearing.[128]

Booker was supportive of fellow New Jersey Senator Bob Menendez when Menendez faced trial on federal corruption and bribery charges. During the trial, Booker was a character witness for Menendez, giving him effusive praise.[129] After the judge declared a mistrial, Booker argued that prosecutors ought not to take Menendez to trial again.[130] When Menendez ran for re-election, Booker praised Menendez, saying he was "so grateful for Bob Menendez and that I get to work with him and stand beside him."[131] Booker downplayed the corruption allegations, saying "to try to continue to try to throw this kind of mud at him, it's not going to stick. It didn't stick when the government tried to do it and it should not stick now."[132]

Booker was named as part of the "Hell-No Caucus" by Politico in 2018, along with Senators Kamala Harris, Kirsten Gillibrand, Elizabeth Warren, and Bernie Sanders, after he voted "overwhelmingly to thwart his [Trump's] nominees for administration jobs", including Rex Tillerson, Betsy De Vos, and Mike Pompeo; all of the senators on the list were considered potential 2020 presidential contenders.[133]

In April 2018 after the FBI raided the hotel room and offices of Trump's personal attorney, Michael Cohen, Booker, along with Chris Coons, Lindsey Graham, and Thom Tillis, introduced new legislation to "limit President Trump's ability to fire special counsel Robert Mueller." Termed the Special Counsel Independence and Integrity Act, the legislation would allow any special counsel, in this case Mueller, to receive an "expedited judicial review" in the 10 days following being dismissed to determine if said dismissal was suitable. If negative, the special counsel would be reinstated. At the same time, according to The Hill, the bill would "codify regulations" that a special counsel could be fired by only a senior Justice Department official, while having to provide reasons in writing.[134]

On September 5, 2018, during the Senate Judiciary Committee's confirmation hearings for Brett Kavanaugh (nominated by Trump to replace retiring Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy on the Supreme Court), Booker questioned Kavanaugh on a series of E-mails marked "committee confidential", dating back to Kavanaugh's time in the office of the White House Counsel during the presidency of George W. Bush. The E-mails, which were released to the public by Booker's office the following day, show Kavanaugh and others in the Counsel's office discussing racial profiling as a means to combat terrorism, particularly after 9/11. Booker said that he was violating Senate rules in releasing the documents, with the penalty including possible expulsion from the Senate; he nonetheless defended his decision, referring to the process of producing documents for the hearing as a "sham" and challenging those who warned him about the consequences to "bring it on."[135][136] Booker also described the release as "probably the closest I'll ever have in my life to an 'I am Spartacus' moment," referring to a line in the 1960 film, Spartacus.[137][138] Committee chairman Chuck Grassley said the documents had already been cleared for public release the night before, and that Booker was not violating any rules, leading some Republicans to accuse Booker of engaging in "theatrics" and "histrionics."[139] Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas mocked Booker in comments the following week, saying, "Honorable – if we could use that word about more people who are in public life, people who actually ask the questions at confirmation hearings, instead of 'Spartacus.'"[140]

In November 2018, Booker co-sponsored the Israel Anti-Boycott Act (S.270), which made it a federal crime, punishable by a maximum sentence of 20 years imprisonment,[141] for Americans to encourage or participate in boycotts against Israel and Israeli settlements in the occupied Palestinian territories if protesting actions by the Israeli government.[142]

Booker played a leading role in the push to pass the First Step Act, a bipartisan criminal justice reform bill.[143] Booker has introduced the Marijuana Justice Act which would legalize cannabis in the United States on the federal level, defund some law enforcement in jurisdictions that have shown racial bias in marijuana arrests, and increase funding to communities affected by the war on drugs.[144][145]

He announced his candidacy for the Democratic nomination for president in the 2020 election on February 1, 2019.[146]

Booker was participating in the certification of the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count on January 6, 2021, when Trump supporters stormed the U.S. Capitol. Minutes after the Capitol was breached by rioters, Booker and his fellow senators were evacuated from the chambers.[147] Booker blamed Trump for inciting the attack.[148][149] After the attack, Booker called for the invocation of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution and/or impeachment to remove Trump.[150]

• Committee on Environment and Public Works[151]
  • Subcommittee on Clean Air and Nuclear Safety
  • Subcommittee on Superfund, Waste Management, and Regulatory Oversight (Ranking)
  • Subcommittee on Transportation and Infrastructure
• Committee on Foreign Relations
  • Subcommittee on Africa and Global Health Policy
  • Subcommittee on Multilateral International Development, Multilateral Institutions, and International Economic, Energy, and Environmental Policy
  • Subcommittee on State Department and USAID Management, International Operations, and Bilateral International Development(Ranking)
• Committee on Small Business and Entrepreneurship
• Committee on the Judiciary
  • Subcommittee on Antitrust, Competition Policy and Consumer Rights
  • Subcommittee on Border Security and Immigration
  • Subcommittee on Crime and Terrorism

• Congressional Black Caucus[152]
• Congressional NextGen 9-1-1 Caucus[153]

Booker campaigning in Newark for Barack Obama in 2007

In 2009, after Barack Obama became President of the United States, Booker was offered the leadership of the new White House Office of Urban Affairs. He turned the offer down, citing a commitment to Newark.[43]

Tammy Duckworth (D-IL), Al Franken (D-MN), and Cory Booker (D-NJ

Booker generated controversy on May 12, 2012, when he appeared on Meet The Press as a surrogate for the reelection campaign of Barack Obama and made remarks that were critical of that campaign.[179] Booker said that the attacks on Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney's record at Bain Capital were "nauseating to me on both sides. It's nauseating to the American public. Enough is enough. Stop attacking private equity. Stop attacking Jeremiah Wright."[179] The comments were subsequently used by the Romney campaign against Obama.[180] Booker made follow-up comments clarifying that he believed Obama's attacks on Romney's record at Bain were legitimate but did not retract his point about attacking private equity in general.[181] Two weeks later, Booker's communications director Anne Torres tendered her resignation, although she maintained it was unrelated to Meet the Press.[182]

Booker sits on the board of advisers of the political action committee Democrats for Education Reform.[183] He is currently a member of the board of trustees at Teachers College, Columbia University and was formerly a member of the Executive Committee at Yale Law School and the Board of Trustees at Stanford University.

In 2010, Booker received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by the Jefferson Awards.[184]

Cory Booker and Michael Bennet (D-CO)

Cory Booker and Dan Sullivan (R-AK)

In May 2009, Booker received an honorary doctor of humane letters degree from the Newark-based New Jersey Institute of Technology for "his outstanding career in public service as the Mayor of Newark."[185] In May 2009, he received an honorary doctorate from Brandeis University, and was a commencement speaker that year as well.[186] Booker received another honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree in December 2010 from Yeshiva University for "his bold vision for Newark and setting a national standard for urban transformation."[187] In June 2011, Booker received an honorary doctor of laws degree and served as that year's commencement speaker at Williams College for the urban transformation of Newark.[188] In May 2012, Booker received an honorary doctor of laws degree from Bard College and gave the commencement speech at the graduation.[189] In 2010, Booker delivered the commencement addresses at Pitzer College in Claremont, California, on May 15; at Columbia University's Teachers College in New York City on May 17; and at Suffolk University Law School in Boston a week later on May 23, 2010. Booker gave the commencement address to New York Law School graduates on May 13, 2011, at Avery Fisher Hall (now David Geffen Hall) at Lincoln Center. Booker gave the commencement address at the University of Rhode Island in May 2011; he also received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree.[190] He delivered a commencement address to Stanford University graduates on June 17, 2012, at Stanford Stadium.[191] He also received an honorary degree at Fairleigh Dickinson's 69th Commencement Ceremony in May 2012.[192]

In May 2013, Booker gave the commencement address at Washington University in St. Louis and received an honorary doctorate of law.[193]

On May 16, 2014, Booker gave the commencement speech for Ramapo College of New Jersey graduates at the IZOD Center.[194]

During the 2016 presidential election, when Clinton had an illness described as pneumonia, Donna Brazile, the then-DNC interim chair considered that her ideal replacement ticket would consist of Joe Biden and Cory Booker. However, the possibility of a divisive reaction and the possibility of "allowing Trump to capture votes in confusion" caused her to "not entertain any more thoughts of replacing Hillary."[195]

Booker's 2002 mayoral campaign, which he lost was chronicled by filmmaker Marshall Curry in his documentary Street Fight. The film was nominated in 2005 for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature.[196]

Since 2009, Booker has starred in the documentary series Brick City. The series focuses on Booker and his efforts to improve Newark by reducing crime and bringing about economic renewal. Brick City won a Peabody Award in 2009 and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy in 2010.[197]

Booker contributed to the 2011 documentary Miss Representation and commented on the representations of women in politics within mass media.[198]

Booker appeared in a scene in the 2015 Parks and Recreation episode "Ms. Ludgate-Dwyer Goes to Washington" alongside Orrin Hatch.[199]

In the fall of 2009, Tonight Show host Conan O'Brien engaged in a satirical on-air and YouTube feud with Booker with O'Brien jokingly insulting the City of Newark and Booker responding that he would ban O'Brien from the Newark airport.[200][201] Then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton called for the feud to end during a prepared comedy skit, telling Booker to chalk it up to a head injury suffered by O'Brien less than two weeks earlier.[202] Booker then appeared on O'Brien's show and assured viewers that the feud was over and that he was actually a big fan of O'Brien, who agreed that every time he made a joke about Newark, he would donate $500 to the City of Newark, and also made a $50,000 donation to the Newark Now charity, which was matched by NBC Universal.[203]

In 2012, Booker and tech executives Sarah Ross and Nathan Richardson formed Waywire, a company focused on video sharing technology.[204] Early investors included Oprah Winfrey, Eric Schmidt, Jeff Weiner, and Troy Carter.[204] After Booker's relationship to Waywire was discussed in a front-page The New York Times story,[205] board member Andrew Zucker stepped down from his position.[206] Shortly thereafter, Waywire CEO Nathan Richardson departed the business as the company shifted its focus from content creation to content curation.[207] In August 2013, Booker told NBC News he intended to resign from the Waywire board and put his holdings in a trust if elected to the Senate;[208] by September, he had resigned his place on the board and donated his share of the company to charity.[209] Waywire was sold to another video curation business the following month.[210]

In 2016, Booker wrote an autobiography, United: Thoughts on Finding Common Ground and Advancing the Common Good.

In an article in HuffPost, Shmuly Yanklowitz said of the book:

If there is anything that Booker repeatedly returns to in United, it is that the myopia of contemporary politics leads citizens astray, and leaves them vulnerable to ignoring issues of tangible importance. "I believe that this broken system, which afflicts us all, will be repaired" writes Booker near the end of the book. To repeat an earlier point, what sets Senator Booker's work apart from that of similar political books is that it seeks to elevate discourse rather than bring down opponents of the opposite partisan persuasion.[211]