Cambrian Stage 4

Cambrian Stage 4
	~514 – ~509 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Chronology
	Key events in the Cambrian -540 — – -535 — – -530 — – -525 — – -520 — – -515 — – -510 — – -505 — – -500 — – -495 — – -490 — – -485 — – N; ♇ P; a; l; e; o; z; o; i; c Ediacaran C; a; m; b; r; i; a; n O T; e; r; r; e; n; e; u; v; i; a; n; ; S; e; r; i; e; s; ; 2 M; i; a; o; l; i; n; g. F; u; r; o; n; g. E Fortunian; "Stage 2" "Stage 3" "Stage 4" Wuliuan Drumian Guzhangian Paibian Jiangshanian "Stage 10" Tremadocian ← Orsten Fauna ← Burgess Shale ← Kaili biota ← Archaeocyatha extinction ← Emu Bay Shale ← Sirius Passet biota ← Chengjiang biota ← First Trilobites ← SSF diversification, first brachiopods & archaeocyatha ← First halkieriids, mollusсs, hyoliths SSF ← Baykonurian glaciation ← Dresbachian extinction Major Glacial period Stratigraphic scale of the ICS subdivisions and Precambrian/Cambrian boundary.
Etymology
Name formality	Informal
Usage information
Celestial body	Earth
Regional usage	Global (ICS)
Time scale(s) used	ICS Time Scale
Definition
Chronological unit	Age
Stratigraphic unit	Stage
Time span formality	Formal
Lower boundary definition	Not formally defined
Lower boundary definition candidates	FAD of the Trilobite Olenellus or Redlichia
Lower boundary GSSP candidate section(s)	None
Upper boundary definition	FAD of Oryctocephalus indicus.
Upper boundary GSSP	Wuliu-Zengjiayan, Guizhou, China; 26.0807°N 108.4138°E
GSSP ratified	2018[1]

Cambrian Stage 4 is the still unnamed fourth stage of the Cambrian and the upper stage of Cambrian Series 2. It follows Cambrian Stage 3 and lies below the Wuliuan. The lower boundary has not been formally defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy. One proposal is the first appearance of two trilobite genera, Olenellus or Redlichia. Another proposal is the first appearance of the trilobite species Arthricocephalus chauveaui.[2] Both proposals will set the lower boundary close to 514 million years ago.[3] The upper boundary corresponds to the beginning of the Wuliuan.

Naming

The International Commission on Stratigraphy has not named the fourth stage of the Cambrian yet. In the widely used Siberian nomenclature stage 4 would overlap with parts of the Botomian and Toyonian.[4]

Biostratigraphy

The beginning of Cambrian Stage 4 has been tentatively correlated with the base of the European Leonian faunal stage and the base of the South China Duyunian faunal stage.[5]

References

http://www.palaeontology.geo.uu.se/ISCS/ISCS_working_groups.html

Zhao; et al. (June 2019). "Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the conterminous base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage (Cambrian) at Balang, Jianhe, Guizhou, China" (PDF). Episodes. 42: 165–184. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
Peng, S.C.; Babcock, L.E. (21 September 2011). "Continuing progress on chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Cambrian System" (PDF). Bulletin of Geosciences: 391–396. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1273. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
"GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Retrieved 18 November 2012.
"The 13th International Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group" (PDF). Episodes. 31 (4): 440–441. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2012-11-21.
Yuan, Jinliang; Ng, Tin-Wai (2014). "Tentative correlation of the Duyunian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) and the Taijiangian (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5) between South China and the Mediterranean region". GFF. Geological Society of Sweden. 136 (1/2): 314–319. doi:10.1080/11035897.2014.898331.

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[1] Zhao; et al. (June 2019). "Global Standard Stratotype-Section and Point (GSSP) for the conterminous base of the Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan Stage (Cambrian) at Balang, Jianhe, Guizhou, China" (PDF). Episodes. 42: 165–184. Retrieved 8 December 2020.

[Peng_2011-2] Peng, S.C.; Babcock, L.E. (21 September 2011). "Continuing progress on chronostratigraphic subdivision of the Cambrian System" (PDF). Bulletin of Geosciences: 391–396. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1273. Retrieved 21 November 2012.

[GSSP_Table_-_Paleozoic_Era-3] "GSSP Table - Paleozoic Era". Retrieved 18 November 2012.

[13th_conference-4] "The 13th International Field Conference of the Cambrian Stage Subdivision Working Group" (PDF). Episodes. 31 (4): 440–441. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-11-05. Retrieved 2012-11-21.

[5] Yuan, Jinliang; Ng, Tin-Wai (2014). "Tentative correlation of the Duyunian (Cambrian Series 2, Stage 4) and the Taijiangian (Cambrian Series 3, Stage 5) between South China and the Mediterranean region". GFF. Geological Society of Sweden. 136 (1/2): 314–319. doi:10.1080/11035897.2014.898331.