Cifelliodon

The genus name, Cifelliodon, means Cifelli's tooth, and honours the well-known mammal palaeontologist, Richard Cifelli. The species name, C. wahkarmoosuch comes from the Ute language, and means yellow (wahkar) cat (moosuch).[1]

The holotype of Cifelliodon wahkarmoosuch is an exceptionally well-preserved skull, housed at the Natural History Museum of Utah. The skull measures 70 mm in length, giving an estimated body mass of 0.91-1.27 kg.[1] The skull is broad and shallow with a reduced tooth count. There is a prominent sagittal crest. Inside the skull on each side are two incisors, a canine, and four postcanines, all of them broken off at the gumline except for the last molars. These last molars had not yet erupted, and so their intact crowns allowed palaeontologists to identify this mammal.[1]

The preserved skull allowed palaeontologists to see the brain size of Cifelliodon, and they concluded it was a transitional size and shape between earlier stem mammals, and crown mammals. It appears to have had a well-developed sense of smell, as did most mammals in the Mesozoic.

Previously, scientists had suggested that the hahnodontid mammals belonged to the well-known group of mammals called multituberculates. However, examining the anatomy of Cifelliodon, Huttenlocker et al. (2018) found it to be closely related to Hahnodon and Vintana, and placed them outside of Multituberculata and outside the crown mammals.[1] This makes hahnodontids a late surviving stem mammal group. It also suggests that there were greater links between the tetrapod animals across the continents in the Cretaceous. Krause et al. (2020) recovered Cifelliodon as a basal member of Allotheria, outside of the clade containing Euharamiyida and 'Multituberculata + Gondwanatheria'. Their analysis did not include Hahnodon; Vintana was recovered within Gondwanatheria.[2]