Comparative officer ranks of World War I

The following table shows comparative officer ranks of several Allied and Central powers during World War I. Not all combatant countries are shown in the table. For modern ranks refer to List of comparative military ranks. See also: Comparative officer ranks of World War II

Table

General officers Field officers Junior officers
 Austro-Hungarian Army
[lower-alpha 1][1]
No equivalent
Feldmarschall
Tábornagy
Generaloberst
Vezérezredes
General der Waffengattung
Tábornok
Feldmarschall-Leutnant
Altábornagy
Generalmajor
Vezérőrnagy
Oberst
Ezredes
Oberstleutnant
Alezredes
Major
Őrnagy
Hauptmann / Rittmeister
Százados / Kapitány
Oberleutnant
Főhadnagy
Leutnant
Hadnagy
 Austro-Hungarian Navy
[lower-alpha 1][1]
No equivalent
Großadmiral
Vezérőrnagy
Admiral
Tengernagy
Vizeadmiral
Altengernagy
Kontreadmiral
Ellentengernagy
Linienschiffkapitän
Sorhajókapitány
Fregattenkapitän
Fregattkapitány
Korvettenkapitän
Korvettkapitány
Linienschiffsleutnant
Sorhajóhadnagy
Fregattenleutnant
Fregatthadnagy
Korvettenleutnant
Korvetthadnagy
Seekadett
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 British Army
[2]
No equivalent
Field Marshal General Lieutenant-General Major-General Brigadier-General Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Major Captain Lieutenant Second lieutenant
 Royal Navy
[2]
Admiral of the Fleet Admiral Vice-Admiral Rear-Admiral Commodore 1st class[3] Commodore 2nd class Captain Commander Lieutenant Commander Lieutenant Sub-Lieutenant Chief Commissioned Warrant Officer Commissioned Warrant Officer/ Midshipman
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 French Army
[4]
[lower-alpha 2][5] No equivalent
Maréchal de France[lower-alpha 3] Général de division ayant un commandement supérieur
(général)
Général de division
(lieutenant-général)
Général de brigade
(major-général)
Colonel Lieutenant-Colonel Commandant Capitaine Lieutenant Sous-Lieutenant Aspirant
 French Navy
[4]
[lower-alpha 2] No equivalent
Amiral de France[lower-alpha 3] Vice-amiral ayant un commandement supérieur
(amiral)
Vice-amiral Contre-amiral Capitaine de vaisseau Capitaine de frégate Capitaine de corvette Lieutenant de Vaisseau Enseigne de vaisseau de 1re classe Enseigne de vaisseau de 2e classe Aspirant
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 Imperial German Army
[6]
No equivalent
Generalfeldmarschall Generaloberst mit dem Rang als Generalfeldmarschall Generaloberst General der Waffengattung Generalleutnant Generalmajor Oberst Oberstleutnant Major Hauptmann / Rittmeister Oberleutnant Leutnant
 Imperial German Navy
[6][7]
No equivalent
Großadmiral Admiral Vizeadmiral Konteradmiral Kommodore Kapitän zur See Fregattenkapitän Korvettenkapitän Kapitänleutnant Oberleutnant zur See Leutnant zur See Seekadett
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 Royal Italian Army
[8]
Generale d'Esercito Tenente Generale
  • capo di stato maggiore esercito
  • in Comando d'Armata
Tenente Generale
  • in Comando di Corpo d'Armata
  • in Comando di Divisione
Maggior Generale
  • in Comando di Divisione
  • in Comando di Brigata
Brigadier Generale Colonello Tenente Colonello Maggiore Capitano Tenente Sottotenente Aspirante
 Royal Italian Navy
Ammiraglio Vice Ammiraglio Contrammiraglio Sottoammiraglio Capitano di Vascello Capitano di Frigata Capitano di Corvetta Tenente di Vascello Sottotenent di Vascello Guardiamarina Aspirante Guardiamarina
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 Imperial Japanese Army
[9]
No equivalent
Daigensui-Rikugun-Taishō
大元帥陸軍大将
Gensui-Rikugun-Taishō
元帥陸軍大将
Rikugun-Taishō
陸軍大将
Rikugun-Chūjō
陸軍中将
Rikugun-Shōshō
陸軍少将
Rikugun-Taisa
陸軍大佐
Rikugun-Chūsa
陸軍中佐
Rikugun-Shōsa
陸軍少佐
Rikugun-Tai-i
陸軍大尉
Rikugun-Chūi
陸軍中尉
Rikugun-Shōi
陸軍少尉
Jun-i
准尉
 Imperial Japanese Navy
[9]
No equivalent
Daigensui-Kaigun-Taishō
大元帥海軍大将
Gensui-kaigun-Taishō
元帥海軍大将
Kaigun-Taishō
海軍大将
Kaigun-Chūjō
海軍中将
Kaigun-Shōshō
海軍少将
Kaigun-Daisa
海軍大佐
Kaigun-Chūsa
海軍中佐
Kaigun-Shōsa
海軍少佐
Kaigun-Dai-i
海軍大尉
Kaigun-Chūi
海軍中尉
Kaigun-Shōi
海軍少尉
Hēsōchō
兵曹長
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 Ottoman Army
[lower-alpha 4][10]
No equivalent
Müşir Birinci Ferik Ferik Mirliva Miralay Kaymakam Binbaşı Kolağası Yüzbaşı Mülazım-ı evvel Mülazım-ı sani
 Ottoman Navy
[11]
No equivalent
Müşir Amiral Birinci Ferik Amiral Ferik Amiral Liva Amiral Kalyon Kaptanı Fırkateyn Kaptanı Korvet Kaptanı Yüzbaşı Mülazım
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 Portuguese Army
[12]
No equivalent No equivalent
Marechal[lower-alpha 5] General[lower-alpha 6] Brigadeiro Coronel Tenente-coronel Major Capitão Tenente Alferes Aspirante
 Portuguese Navy
[12]
No equivalent
Almirante[lower-alpha 5] Vice-almirante Contra-almirante Capitão de mar e guerra Capitão de fragata Capitão-tenente Primeiro-tenente Segundo-tenente Guarda-marinha Aspirante
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 Imperial Russian Army
[lower-alpha 7]
[13]
Generalfeldmarschall General roda voisk General-leytenant General-mayor Polkovnik[lower-alpha 8] Podpolkovnik / Voyskovoy starshina Kapitan / Rotmistr / Esaul Shtabs-kapitan / Shtabs-rotmistr / Podesaul Poruchik / Sotnik Podporuchik / Kornet / Korunzhy Praporshik
 Imperial Russian Navy
[13]
No equivalent
General-admiral Admiral Vitse-admiral Kontr-admiral Kapitan 1-go ranga Kapitan 2-go ranga Starshy leytenant Leytenant Michman
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 Royal Serbian Army
[14]
No equivalent
Bojni Vojvoda[lower-alpha 9] General[lower-alpha 10] Pukovnik Potpukovnik Major Kapetan 1. klase Kapetan 2. klase Poručnik Potporučnik
General officers Field officers Junior officers
 United States Army
[15]
No equivalent
General of the Armies[lower-alpha 11] General Lieutenant General Major General Brigadier General Colonel Lieutenant Colonel Major Captain First Lieutenant Second Lieutenant
 United States Navy
[15]

Various
Admiral of the Navy[lower-alpha 11] Admiral Vice Admiral Rear Admiral Commodore Captain Commander Lieutenant Commander Lieutenant Lieutenant (junior grade) Ensign Midshipman
General officers Field officers Junior officers

See also

Notes

  1. Austro-Hungarian ranks are shown in both German and Hungarian, as would have been contemporary practice.
  2. One horizontal bar under or above the three-star.
  3. Maréchal de France and Amiral de France were as much a dignity of state as a military title. Thus British Field Marshals consulted with French Generals in 1914. The elevation of Joffre to Maréchal in 1916 actually marked a diminution of his powers of command. There was no Amiral de France alive during World War I.
  4. Military personnel in the Ottoman Empire were assigned different duties according to their capabilities in order to administer the Armed Forces and particularly to be successful in battle. They were given various ranks so that they could conduct relations with each other and be fully aware of their duties. The issue of what sort of duties should be allocated to which unit or to which military institution used to be determined by the ranking within the Armed Forces. In Islamic countries, certain 'degrees', instead of ranks, were given in accordance with the categorization of government duties. In the course of time, these 'degrees' had taken on certain characteristics. In the Ottoman Empire, besides the ranks that were awarded after passing through certain stages of promotion, there was also the rank of "Pasha" that was given directly by the Ottoman Sultan. This rank, which continued until the establishment of the Republic of Turkey, was also given to civilian administrators who were approved of and found suitable. After the establishment of the Republic, the Sultanate was abolished, and the title became synonymous with the General rank, restricted to the Armed Forces only. Paymaster of a regiment - Captain of the Right Wing (Alay Emini - Sağ Kolağası): The rank of the Captain of the Right Wing was very high. The rank of the Adjutant and Paymaster of a regiment was also high but such individuals were not from the military class and they dealt with clerical duties and equipment needed by the regiment. Captain of the Wing - The Captain of the Left Wing- (Kolağası - Sol Kolağası): Captain of the Wing or the Captain of the Left Wing was the senior Captain. If he was educated in the regiment, he was called "Ağa" but if he was the son of a pasha, he was called "Bey".
  5. Almirante and Marechal were only honorary ranks, not held by anyone during World War I.
  6. The Portuguese Army had the particularity of having only a single rank of General Officer. A Portuguese General could be assigned to command from a brigade to the entire Army.
  7. For transliterations, refer to History of Russian military ranks.
  8. Army/cavalry ranks. Cossack cavalry had distinct ranks below Podpolkovnik: войсково́й старшина́ (Voiskovoy Starshina), есау́л (Yesaul), подъесау́л (Sub-Yesaul), со́тник (Sotnik), хору́нжий (Khorunzhiy)
  9. Field Marshal of Serbia (Voivode) was the highest rank in the army of the Kingdom of Serbia. Radomir Putnik held title from beginning of the war since he was promoted in 1912.
  10. Like the Portuguese Army, the Serbian Army had only a single rank of General Officer. A Serbian General could be assigned to command from a division to the entire Army.
  11. The US rank Admiral of the Navy was a unique rank created for Admiral George Dewey after the Spanish–American War; it has never been held by any other person and debate still goes on over whether it was a "five-star" or "six-star" rank. General of the Armies is similarly ambiguous; it was granted to General Pershing at the end of the war, and previously had been held (or a rank of the same name had been held) by Generals Grant and Sherman after the Civil War, but its equivalency to modern ranks is disputed.

References

  1. Over the Front. "Austro-Hungarian Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  2. Over the Front. "British Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  3. http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyBritish-Ranks.htm
  4. Over the Front. "French Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  5. CAIRN.INFO. "Général de corps d'armée". CAIRN INFO.
  6. Over the Front. "German Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  7. Strauß, Matthias. "Dienstgrade und Uniformen". kleiner-kreuzer-dresden.de (in German). Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  8. Over the Front. "Italian Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  9. Over the Front. "Japanese Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  10. "1909 TILL 1918 OTTOMAN RANK INSIGNIA". ottoman-uniforms.com. Ottoman Uniforms. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  11. "1916 TILL 1918 OTTOMAN NAVY". ottoman-uniforms.com. Ottoman Uniforms. Retrieved 2 July 2018.
  12. Over the Front. "Portuguese Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  13. Over the Front. "Russian Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  14. Over the Front. "Serbian Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  15. Over the Front. "American Ranks". Over the Front. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
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