Enquatrovirus

Enquatrovirus is a genus of bacteriophages in the order Caudovirales, in the family Podoviridae. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Escherichia virus N4.[1][2][3]

Enquatrovirus
Virus classification
(unranked): Virus
Realm: Duplodnaviria
Kingdom: Heunggongvirae
Phylum: Uroviricota
Class: Caudoviricetes
Order: Caudovirales
Family: Podoviridae
Genus: Enquatrovirus
Type species
Escherichia virus N4

Escherichia virus N4 is the type species of this genus and was originally isolated from sewers in Genoa, Italy and infects Escherichia coli K-12. Recently, a number of genetically related phages were isolated, infecting Silicibacter and Sulfitobacter (DSS3ɸ2 and EE36ɸ1)[4] as well as a number of Pseudomonas phages (LUZ7, LIT1 and PEV2)[5]

Taxonomy

Group: dsDNA

[2]

Structure

The virus's virion have icosahedral (T=9)[1] heads ~70 nm and short tails (10 nm), and contain short fibers originating from the junction between the head and tail. All the phages of this genus are strictly virulent and contain a linear dsDNA genome (with terminal repeats) in the range of 70-75kb.[1]

GenusStructureSymmetryCapsidGenomic arrangementGenomic segmentation
EnquatrovirusHead-TailT=9Non-envelopedLinearMonopartite

Life cycle

Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Dna templated transcription is the method of transcription. Bacteria serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive diffusion. [1]

GenusHost detailsTissue tropismEntry detailsRelease detailsReplication siteAssembly siteTransmission
EnquatrovirusBacteriaNoneInjectionLysisCytoplasmCytoplasmPassive diffusion

RNA polymerases

A remarkable feature of this clade of phages is the use of three distinct RNA polymerases during its infection cycle. A giant virion-encapsulated RNAP polymerase which is co-injected (early transcription), a heterodimeric phage RNA polymerase (middle region) and the host RNA polymerase (recognizes late promoters).[6]

References
  1. "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  2. ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  3. Lavigne, R.; Seto, D.; Mahadevan, P.; Ackermann, H. W.; Kropinski, A. M. (2008). "Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification: analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP-based tools". Research in Microbiology. 159 (5): 406–14. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2008.03.005. PMID 18555669.
  4. Zhao, Y.; Wang, K.; Jiao, N.; Chen, F. (2009). "Genome sequences of two novel phages infecting marine roseobacters". Environmental Microbiology. 11 (8): 2055–64. doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01927.x. PMC 2784036. PMID 19689706.
  5. Ceyssens, P. J.; Brabban, A.; Rogge, L.; Lewis, M. S.; Pickard, D.; Goulding, D.; Dougan, G.; Noben, J. P.; Kropinski, A.; Kutter, E.; Lavigne, R. (2010). "Molecular and physiological analysis of three Pseudomonas aeruginosa phages belonging to the "N4-like viruses"". Virology. 405 (1): 26–30. doi:10.1016/j.virol.2010.06.011. PMC 3715699. PMID 20619867..
  6. Choi, K.; McPartland, J.; Kaganman, I.; Bowman, V.; Rothmandenes, L.; Rossmann, M. (2008). "Insight into DNA and Protein Transport in Double-Stranded DNA Viruses: the Structure of Bacteriophage N4". Journal of Molecular Biology. 378 (3): 726–36. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008.02.059. PMC 2396777. PMID 18374942.

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