Flag of Ethiopia

Ethiopia's national and regional flags

The Green, Yellow and Red were used for the flag of the Ethiopian Empire in 1914.[1] On 11 October 1897, a year after Ethiopia decisively defended itself from Italian colonization at the Battle of Adwa, emperor Menelik II ordered the three pennants combined in a rectangular tricolour from top to bottom of red, yellow, and green with the first letter of his own name (the Amharic letter "ም") on the central stripe.[2][3][4][5] In 1914, the current flag was brought back.[1] The flag's tri-colour scheme has existed since the early 19th century, and the colours red, yellow, and green have carried special importance since at least the early 17th century.[6] To commemorate its adoption in 1897, Ethiopia celebrates Flag Day on the first Monday of the month of Tikimt (September–October).[7]

The royal flag often featured the emblem of a Lion of Judah, a crowned lion carrying a cross centred in the banner's yellow midsection. The flag is understood to be a link between the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church, the peoples, and the nation that was united. The processional cross carried by the lion was the former flag or symbol of Ethiopia, and has likewise been in use since at least the early 17th century.[8] Whilst red is currently featured at the bottom of the horizontal tricolour, this was reversed until the mid-19th century. The emblem was added in 1996. What the colours symbolise varies depending on point of view. However, generally, red represents blood spilled in defence of Ethiopia; yellow represents peace and harmony between Ethiopia's various ethnic and religious groups; and green is said to symbolise hope, or the land and its fertility.

Upon gaining independence from colonial rule, several newly established countries in Africa adopted these three colours in homage to Ethiopia's resistance against foreign occupation. When adopted by Pan-Africanist polities and organisations for their activities, the colours are often referred to as the Pan-African colours.[9]

Colour and symbolism

•   Green: "represents the richness and the fertility of our land as well as hope "
•   Yellow: "represents religious freedom and peace."
•   Red: "represents the sacrifice of our fathers, who spilled their blood in defense of Ethiopia "

The traditional flag of Ethiopia (without a Seal) commonly used by the Ethiopian diaspora at community events[10][11], by some government opposition groups[12][13], and during Ethiopian Orthodox Christian holidays[14][15][16].

(2009–present)	Green	Yellow	Red
Pantone	139c	052c	358c
CMYK	95-0-65-46	0-12-96-1	0-92-88-15
RGB	7-137-48	252-221-9	218-18-26
Hexadecimal	#078930	#FCDD09	#DA121A

(1996–2009)	Green	Yellow	Red
Pantone	139c	052c	358c
CMYK	95-0-65-46	0-12-96-1	0-92-88-15
RGB	7-137-48	252-221-9	218-18-26
Hexadecimal	#078930	#FCDD09	#DA121A

Prior to 1996, the plain green, yellow and red banner was commonly used as a civil flag. Although a number of different emblems were used by the government since 1974, flags with emblems were uncommonly used in public outside of government usage. The basic colour schematic has remained constant.

The star is yellow on a blue disc which overlaps the green and red stripes. The star testifies to Ethiopia's bright future, while the yellow rays which it emits are equidistant and are said to represent the equality of all Ethiopians regardless of race, creed, or sex. In recent years, the government of Ethiopia has taken a conscious effort to increase the usage of the flag with the emblem, which had been seen far less than the plain tricolour. As the plain tricolour was used and seen far more often than either the flag of the Derg or the Lion of Judah flag, this was considered unusual.

In 2009, the Parliament of Ethiopia passed Proclamation 654/2009 (The Federal Flag Proclamation), which prohibited firstly amongst 23 other provisions "use [of] the Flag without its Emblem", as well as "to deface the Flag by writing or displaying signs, [sic] symbols, emblems or picture [sic]", or "to prepare or use the Flag without the proper order of its colours and size or its Emblem."[17] While most offences were punishable by a fine of "3000 birr or rigorous imprisonment up to one year," the first offense, mandating the usage of the emblem, received an increased penalty of "5000 birr or rigorous imprisonment up to one year and six months."[17] This replaced the 1996 Flag Proclamation, which had made no mention of offenses or penalties.[18]

• 

  Reported flag from 1875–1881[19]

• 

  From 1881 to 1889 Ethiopia flew a Tricolor of Pennants

• 

  Flag of Ethiopia (1897–1914). Menelik II, on 6 October 1897 ordered the rectangular tricolour from top to bottom of red, yellow, and green.[2][3][4][5]

• 

  Flag of the Ethiopian Empire (1914–1936).[5]

• 

  Flag of Italian East Africa (1936–41)[20]

• 

  The flag with the Lion of Judah (1941–1974).[5] It remains popular with the Rastafari movement and people loyal to Haile Selassie.

• 

  War Ensign of the Imperial Ethiopian Navy (1955–1974), was based upon the Blue Ensign.

• 

  Flag of Ethiopia (1974–1975), modified after Haile Selassie's overthrow by removing the crown from the lion's head and by changing the cross tip to a spear point.[21]

• 

  War Ensign of the Imperial Ethiopian Navy (1974–1975).

• 

  The official flag under the Derg (1975–1987), essentially the Imperial flag without the lion. It was seen more than the state flag.

• 

  The state flag under the Derg (1975–1987). Rarely seen, and a forerunner to the flag introduced in 1987.

• 

  The flag of the People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (1987–1991) introduced the current ratio of 1:2.

• 

  The flag of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia (1991–1996). It is the same as the 1975–1987 official flag, except for the ratio.

• 

  The state flag of the Transitional Government of Ethiopia, adopted on 28 May 1992.[5]

• 

  The flag of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia from 6 February[18] to 31 October 1996.[22] Its central disc is smaller and brighter than in the current flag.

• 

  Flag from 1996 to 2009.

• 

  The current flag, used since 2009.

• Emblem of Ethiopia
• Flags of the regions of Ethiopia

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Flags of Ethiopia.

• Ethiopia at Flags of the World
• Flag of Ethiopia
• Worldstatesmen – Ethiopia