Fumonisin B4

Fumonisin B4 (or FB4) is a fumonisin mycotoxin produced mainly by the fungi Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium verticillioides (formerly Fusarium moniliforme). Recently FB4 has been detected in fungi Aspergillus niger and in several Tolypocladium species.[1]

Fumonisin B4

Molecular structure of Fumonisin B4
Names
IUPAC name
(2R,2'R)-2,2'-{[(5R,6R,7S,9S,18S,19S)-19-amino-18-hydroxy-5,9-dimethylicosane-6,7-diyl]bis[oxy(2-oxoethane-2,1-diyl)]}disuccinic acid
Other names
FB4
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
Properties
C34H59NO13
Molar mass 689.83 g/mol
Appearance White to off-white powder
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

FB4 is similar to fumonisin B2 and fumonisin B3 but it is lacking a hydroxy group located gamma- to the amino substituent while lacking two hydroxy groups compared to fumonisin B1.[2] Fumonisin B4 has been first published in 1991.[3]

Isomers

Several isomers of Fumonisin B4 have been detected. A larger group is the partially hydrolysed form, denoted as PHFB4, which has been detected using HPLC-ITMS.[4] Another significant isomer is the 3-epi-FB4, which has been identified using NMR, it has also been shown that this isomer occur 10-40% of the regular FB4 sample in nature.[5]

Toxicity

Fumonisin B4 belongs to the class of FB analogues, which is the most significant group from toxicity perspective.[6] Currently Fumonisin B4's toxicity compared to Fumonisin B1 or B2 is unknown as further research is actively ongoing, however in nature its concentration is significantly lower. Fumonisin B4 inhibits sphingosine acyltransferase.

Fumonisin B4 and other fumonisins frequently contaminate maize and other crops.[7]

References
  1. Jesper Mølgaard Mogensen; Kirsten Amalie Møller; Pernille Freiesleben; Roman Labuda; Elisabeth Varga; Michael Sulyok; Alena Kuba ́tova; Ulf Thrane; Birgitte Andersen; Kristian Fog Nielsen (2010). "Production of fumonisins B2 and B4 in Tolypocladium species". Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology. 38 (9): 1329–35. doi:10.1007/s10295-010-0916-1.
  2. PubChem. "Fumonisin B4". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. PubChem. Retrieved 2020-10-06.
  3. Maria E. Cawood; Wentzel C. A. Gelderblom; Robert Vleggaar; Yosef Behrend; Pieter G. Thiel; Walter F. O. Marasas (1991). "Isolation of the Fumonisin Mycotoxins: A Quantitative Approach". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 39 (11): 1958–1962. doi:10.1021/jf00011a014.
  4. Tibor Bartok; Arpad Szecsi; Andras Szekeres; Akos Mesterhazy; Mihaly Bartok (2006). "Detection of new fumonisin mycotoxins and fumonisin-like compounds by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry". Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 20 (16): 2447–62. doi:10.1002/rcm.2607. PMID 16871522.
  5. Wentzel C. A. Gelderblom; Vikash Sewram; Gordon S. Shephard; Petra W. Snijman; Kenny Tenza; Liana van der Westhuizen; Robert Vleggaar (2007). "Structure and Natural Occurrence of Stereoisomers of the Fumonisin B Series Mycotoxins". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 55 (11): 4388–4394. doi:10.1021/jf070061h. PMID 17469843.
  6. John P. Rheeder; Walter F. O. Marasas; Hester F. Vismer (2002). "Production of Fumonisin Analogs by Fusarium Species". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 68 (5): 2101–2105. doi:10.1128/AEM.68.5.2101-2105.2002. PMC 127586. PMID 11976077.
  7. Jeong-Ah Seo; Yin-Won Lee (1999). "Natural Occurrence of the C Series of Fumonisins in Moldy Corn". Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 65 (3): 1331–1334. doi:10.1128/AEM.65.3.1331-1334.1999. PMC 91184. PMID 10049903.


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