Gamucha

A gamucha (also gamocha (ga=body, mocha=wipe), gamchcha, gamcha) is a traditional thin, coarse cotton towel, often with a checked design, found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, as well as various parts of South and Southeast Asia; it is used to dry the body after bathing or wiping sweat. It is often worn on one side of the shoulder. Its appearance varies from region to region, and it has been traditionally worn as a scarf by the men of Orissa[1] which was mentioned in Oriya Mahabharata by Sarala Dasa. Male villagers wear it as a dhoti.[2][3] Children of tribal communities in Orissa wear gamucha until their adolescence after which they wear dhoti.[4] Weavers of traditional tantubaya or jugicommunity migrated from Bangladesh to Tripura and weavers of Orissa produce good quality gamucha.[5]This is also used as turban and cotton towel in Punjab. They call it parna.

Not to be confused with Gamosa.
A pair of gamchhas with typical check patterns

The gamucha is most commonly found with check and striped patterns of red, orange or green. Plain white gamchhas with coloured (embroidered or printed) borders from Orissa and Assam (for traditional Assamese Gamucha, see Gamosa) are local handicrafts, and may be worn around the neck with traditional Indian attire. In western areas, gamucha is primarily made in red colour and are plain like cloth. In southern India, gamucha is more coarse and are available in various dyes. Even homemade lightweight fur towels are also popularly termed as gamchhas. Gamucha are worn by the South Asian people, especially in the Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, West Bengal, Jharkhand and the Purvanchal region, because they are not as thick as Western-style towels and better suited to the country's tropical, humid climate. In Afghanistan they are also used and are commonly referred to as dismaal. They may also be found in Central Asian, Middle Eastern and Turkish hamams as a traditional male loincloth and towel worn during bathing and massage.

Other uses
A fruit vendor wearing a gamchha tied as a headscarf.

Cultural symbol
Main article: Gamosa

Gamosa or Gamusa in Assam has a place of special use : it is given as a token of honour and respect to esteemed guest. In Bihu Dance male dancers wear it as a headscarf. The traditional Assamese dress is complete only when one wears a gamusa.

In Ahom King days, Ahom soldiers wife's used to weave a gamusa within a night and present it to her husband to ensure safety and victory.

Loin cloth, headscarf and

Gamucha is also worn as knee long loin cloths by people of the poorer sections of society, especially menial labourers and farm workers. They are also used as a headscarf, similar to the Middle Eastern keffiyeh in rural areas.[6]

Safety

Gamchas can be turned into an effective weapon against wolves, leopards, wild dogs or feral dogs or even dacoits, by knotting a large stone pebble into one end and using it like bolas.

Face mask

Farmers were already using it in rural areas for various purposes, Gamcha became an alternative cloth face mask in rural India. The WHO guidelines [7]for the necessary use of masks for protection from COVID increased its importance, and it became a choice of face masks by simply wearing on face. The need for this traditional piece of clothing has risen further since the Prime Minister of India made a television speech wearing Gamcha(a Manipuri gamcha, also known as Meitei Lengyan). It was trending since then in urban areas too.[8][9][10]

Commercial aspects

Gamucha is produced as a primary handloom product by traditional weavers. Presently the production of coarse handmade gamucha is slowing down in Orissa.[11]A 1,455.3 metre long Gamusa displayed in Delhi created world record as it became world’s longest hand woven piece of cloth.[12]

See also

References
  1. Folk-lore. Indian Publications. 1983. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  2. Frederick George Bailey (1957). Caste and the Economic Frontier: A Village in Highland Orissa. Manchester University Press. pp. 250–. GGKEY:CS1R2QFP07X. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  3. Shishir Kumar Panda (1991). Medieval Orissa: A Socio-Economic Study. Mittal Publications. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-81-7099-261-5. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  4. Orissa (India). Harijan & Tribal Welfare Dept (1990). Tribes of Orissa. Harijan and Tribal Welfare Department, Government Of Orissa. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  5. G. K. Ghosh; Shukla Ghosh (1 January 2000). Ikat Textiles Of India. APH Publishing. pp. 42–. ISBN 978-81-7648-167-0. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  6. "dress". orissa.gov.in. 2003. Archived from the original on 23 December 2012. Retrieved 5 June 2012. tying it around the head as turban when necessary
  7. "When and how to use masks". www.who.int. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  8. "PM Modi dons 'gamcha mask' in new profile picture, others follow suit". The Indian Express. 2020-04-15. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  9. ANI (2020-05-30). "How PM Modi's iconic 'gamchha' face masks boosted employment in a UP town". Business Standard India. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  10. Desk, India com Viral News (2020-05-14). "Gamechanger! Huge Demand For Red & White Gamcha That PM Modi Wore As Mask". India News, Breaking News, Entertainment News | India.com. Retrieved 2020-12-10.
  11. Satya Narayan Dash (1995). Handloom Industry in India. Mittal Publications. pp. 195–. ISBN 978-81-7099-599-9. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
  12. "Assamese Gamusa makes it to the Guinness Book of World Records". the northeast today. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
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