Jaapi

The jaapi or japi (Assamese: জাপি; Bodo: Khofri) is a traditional conical hat from Assam, India similar to the Asian conical hat which is made from tightly woven bamboo and/or cane and tokou paat (Trachycarpus martianus) a large, palm leaf. The word jaapi derives from jaap meaning a bundle of taku leaves. In the past, plain jaapi were used by ordinary people in Assam and by farmers for protection from the sun, while ornate jaapi were worn as a status symbol by royalty and nobility. Decorative sorudoi jaapi are made with intricate cloth designs (primarily red, white, green, blue, and black) that are integrated into the weaving.

A beautifully adorned Jaapi.

Sarudaya jaapi
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History

Ancient period

Japis have been recorded as far back as the time of Xuanzang's visit to Assam when visitors were welcomed with colorful jaapi.[4]

Medieval period
This is the upper metal part of an ancient Varun(Tupi) Japi known as Sula used during the rule of Chutia kings kept in the Gharmora Satra.

The medieval Chutia kings (a sub-group of Bodo-Kacharis) used the Jaapi as a cultural symbol. The last Chutia king Nitipal gifted gold and silver embroidered Jaapis to the Ahom king Suhungmung as presents in his attempts for a treaty in the year 1523 A.D.[5][6][7][8] After annexing Sadiya in 1524 A.D, the Ahom king received a lot of treasure and bounty, which included Jaapis.[9] In the year 1525 A.D, the Ahom king gifted some of the silver Jaapis of the Chutia king and other items, to negotiate peace with the Nora chief Phukloimung who had attacked Sadiya.[10][11] During the Ahom rule, Jaapi-hajiya Khel(guild for making Jaapis) was monopolised by Chutias, which indicate that they were experts in weaving Jaapis.[12]Apart from this, the Baro-Bhuyans of Central Assam are also said to have used Jaapis. As per the Satsari Buranji, the Ahom kings adopted the Tongali, Hasoti and Tokou-patia Japi from the Baro-Bhuyans.[13]

Cultural symbol

Today the jaapi is a symbol of Assam. It is worn in a style of Bihu dance, used as protection against the elements, offered as a sign of respect in ceremonies, and placed as a decorative item around the house, especially in the walls as a welcome sign.[14][15]

Originally Japi was an agricultural headgear by farmers to protect themselves from rain or sun's heat. The Bodo-Kacharis having agricultural as the main profession often used them in the rice fields. Similar headgears are also seen to be used all throughout East Asia.[16] Bishnu Prasad Rabha added Japi dance to Assamese culture through Jaymati movie from Bodo community's Khofri Sibnai Mwsanai.It is also well known that brides of the Chutia tribe(a branch of Bodo-Kacharis) wore a Sorudoi Japi during the marriage ceremonies which was continued up until recently.[17]

Types
  • Sorudoi japi: Used by women, especially brides.
  • Bordoi japi: Used by royalty since ancient times (Kamrupa).
  • Panidoi/Haluwa japi:Used by farmers in fields.
  • Garakhiya japi: Used by cattle herders.
  • Pitha japi: Used as hoods, sometimes during cultivation.
  • Tupi/Varun japi: Used in rain as protective hats.


See also

Notes
  1. "639 Identifier Documentation: aho – ISO 639-3". SIL International (formerly known as the Summer Institute of Linguistics). SIL International. Retrieved 29 June 2019. Ahom [aho]
  2. "Population by Religious Communities". Census India – 2001. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Retrieved 1 July 2019. Census Data Finder/C Series/Population by Religious Communities
  3. "Population by religion community – 2011". Census of India, 2011. The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India. Archived from the original on 25 August 2015.
  4. "Bamboo products of Assam". Vedanti.com. 8 February 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2012.
  5. Khanikar,S. Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti,1991, p.100.
  6. "Then the Chutiâ king desired to send silver and gold lipped Jâpi(Kup-ngiun-kham),gold bracelets(Mao-kham), gold basket(Liu-kham), gold ring (Khup-kham), gold bookstand (Khu-tin-kham), gold pirâ(Kham-ku), horse(Ma), elephant(Chang-pai), and two Âroans(Phra-nun) and Xorais(Phun) to the Ahom king."
  7. Mahanta,S. Assam Buranji.D.H.A.S.,1945, p.9.
  8. Goswami, Hemchandra,Purani Asam Buranji,p.41.
  9. Mahanta,S. Assam Buranji.D.H.A.S.,1945, p.10.
  10. Bhuyan, Surjya Kumar,Satsari Buranji,p.62.
  11. Barua, Gopal Chandra, Ahom Buranji,p.58.
  12. http://ignca.gov.in/Asi_data/72269.pdf Dutta,Sristidhar,Mataks and their Kingdom, 1985, p.30
  13. Bhuyan, Surjya Kumar,Satsari Buranji,p.135.
  14. Handoo, Jawaharlal (2003). Folklore in the Changing Times. Orignal from Indiana University: Indhira Gandhhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya. p. 46.
  15. Assam General Knowledge. Bright Publications. p. 98. ISBN 9788171994519.
  16. শান্তনু কৌশিক বৰুৱা (2001). অসম অভিধান. বনলতা. pp. ১৪৪-১৪৬.
  17. Khanikar,S. Chutia Jaatir Itihax aru Luko-Sanskriti,1991, p.387.
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