Google Pay

Google Pay (stylized as G Pay; formerly Pay with Google and Android Pay) is a digital wallet platform and online payment system developed by Google to power in-app and tap-to-pay purchases on mobile devices, enabling users to make payments with Android phones, tablets or watches. Users in the United States and India can also use an iOS device, albeit with limited functionality. In addition to this, the service also supports passes such as coupons, boarding passes, student ID cards, event tickets, movie tickets, public transportation tickets, store cards, and loyalty cards.

Google Pay
Pay tab of the new Google Pay application
Developer(s)Google
Initial releaseSeptember 11, 2015 (2015-09-11) (as Android Pay)
January 8, 2018 (2018-01-08) (as Google Pay)
Stable release(s) [±]
Android120.1.3 / January 25, 2021 (2021-01-25)[1]
Wear OS2.72.209520801 / August 26, 2018 (2018-08-26)[2]
Operating systemAndroid Lollipop 5.0 or later
iOS 11 or later (US and India only)
TypeDigital wallet
LicenseProprietary
Websitepay.google.com

As of January 8, 2018, the old Android Pay and Google Wallet have unified into a single pay system called Google Pay.[3] Android Pay was rebranded and renamed as Google Pay. It also took over the branding of Google Chrome's autofill feature.[4] Google Pay adopts the features of both Android Pay and Google Wallet through its in-store, peer-to-peer, and online payments services.[5][3]

The rebranded service provided a new API that allows merchants to add the payment service to websites, apps, Stripe, Braintree, and Google Assistant.[6] The service allows users to use the payment cards they have on file in their Google Account.[7]

Service

Google Pay uses near-field communication (NFC) to transmit card information facilitating funds transfer to the retailer. It replaces the credit or debit card chip and PIN or magnetic stripe transaction at point-of-sale terminals by allowing the user to upload these in the Google Pay wallet. It is similar to contactless payments already used in many countries, with the addition of two-factor authentication. The service lets Android devices wirelessly communicate with point of sale systems using a near field communication (NFC) antenna, host-based card emulation (HCE), and Android's security.

Google Pay takes advantage of physical authentications such as fingerprint ID where available. On devices without fingerprint ID, Google Pay is activated with a passcode. When the user makes a payment to a merchant, Google Pay does not send the credit or debit card number with the payment. Instead, it generates a virtual account number representing the user's account information. This service keeps customer payment information private, sending a one-time security code instead of the card or user details.[8]

Google Pay requires that a screen lock be set on the phone.[9] It has no card limit.[10][11][12]

Users can add payment cards to the service by taking a photo of the card, or by entering the card information manually. To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated device to the point of sale system. The service has smart-authentication, allowing the system to detect when the device is considered secure (for instance if unlocked in the last five minutes) and challenge if necessary for unlock information.[13] Spring CEO Alan Tisch said Google Pay improves mobile shopping business by supporting a "buy button" powered by Google Pay integrated within vendor's creative design.[14]

Technology

Google Pay uses the EMV Payment Tokenisation Specification.[15]

The service keeps customer payment information private from the retailer by replacing the customer's credit or debit card Funding Primary Account Number (FPAN) with a tokenized Device Primary Account Number (DPAN), and creates a "dynamic security code [...] generated for each transaction". The 'dynamic security code' is the cryptogram in an EMV-mode transaction, and the Dynamic Card Verification Value (dCVV) in a magnetic stripe data emulation-mode transaction. Users can also remotely halt the service on a lost phone via Google's Find My Device service.

To pay at points of sale, users hold their authenticated Android device to the point of sale system's NFC reader. Android users authenticate unlocking their phone by using biometrics, a pattern, or a passcode, whereas Wear OS users authenticate by opening the app prior to payment.[16] To pay in supported Android apps, users choose Google Pay as their payment method and authenticate with biometrics, a pattern, or a passcode. Users can add payment cards to the service in any of four ways: through the payment card listed on their Google accounts, by taking a photo of the card, being provisioned from within the card issuer's app, or by entering the card information manually.

Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method (CDCVM)

In EMV-mode transactions, Google Pay supports the use of the Consumer Device Cardholder Verification Method (CDCVM) using biometrics, pattern, or the phone's or watch's passcode. The use of CDCVM allows for the device itself to provide verification for the transaction and may not require the cardholder to sign a receipt or enter their PIN. Additionally, in certain markets which have a 'no verification contactless limit' using contactless cards (such as the £45 limit in the United Kingdom and the C$100 limit in Canada), the use of CDCVM can enable merchants to accept transactions higher than these amounts using Google Pay, providing their terminal software is updated to support the latest network contactless specifications.[17][18]

History

Originally launched as Android Pay, the service was released at Google I/O 2015. Android Pay was a successor to and built on the base established by Google Wallet which was released in 2011.[19] It also used technology from the carrier-backed Softcard—Google had acquired its intellectual property in February 2015.[8][20] At launch, the service was compatible with 70% of Android devices, and was accepted at over 700,000 merchants.[8] Google Wallet still powered web-based Play Store purchases and some app-based peer-to-peer payments, for instance in Gmail.[8]

The logo of the former branding of the service, Android Pay.

As of 2020, it is currently available in 40 countries.[21] Upon its UK launch Android Pay supported MasterCard and Visa credit and debit cards from many of the UK's major financial institutions — including Bank of Scotland, First Direct, Halifax, HSBC, Lloyds Bank, M&S Bank, MBNA and Nationwide Building Society — "with new banks being added all the time" according to Google. Natwest, RBS and Ulster Bank launched on September 14, 2016. On September 8, 2016 it was reported that UK banks TSB and Santander would be participating in the following weeks.[22] Android Pay was launched in Singapore on June 28, 2016,[23] and in Australia on July 14, 2016.[24][25] Android Pay launched in the Republic of Ireland on December 7, 2016 and was initially available to customers of AIB and KBC, having since been extended to Bank of Ireland and Ulster Bank. The service works with both credit and debit cards.[26]

In 2016, Google began a public trial in Silicon Valley of a related mobile app called Hands Free. In this system, the customer does not need to present a phone or card. Instead, a customer announces they wish to "pay with Google" and give their initials to the cashier, who verifies their identity with a photo previously uploaded to the system. The customer's phone will only authorize payment if its geographic location system indicates it is near a participating store.[27][28]

On September 18, 2017, Google launched an UPI-based app Tez in India.[29] On August 28, 2018, Google rebranded Tez to Google Pay.[30]

On January 8, 2018, Google announced that Google Wallet would be merged into Android Pay, with the service as a whole rebranded as Google Pay.[31] This merger extends the platform into web-based payments integrated into other Google and third-party services. The rebranding began to roll out as an update to the Android Pay app on February 20, 2018; the app was given an updated design, and now displays a personalized list of nearby stores which support Google Pay.[32][33][34]

On December 21, 2018, Google Payment, obtained an e-money license in Lithuania - the license will enable Google to process payments, issue e-money, and handle electronic money wallets in the EU.[35][36]

On November 17, 2020, Google Pay was made available in ten new European countries: Austria, Bulgaria, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, and Romania.[37] Google Pay for these countries works without the app but as a service. The app won't be available for download as stated by Google in Google Pay Help page. [38] On November 18, 2020, Google Pay was redesigned for the United States' version of the app, based upon the previous Indian/Singaporean versions of the app, which themselves were built upon Tez using the Flutter codebase. This new app provides improved peer-to-peer payment functionality, deeper integration with businesses that are able to offer consumers offers and discounts for using the app, and more quality of life features such as searchable receipts.[39]

Ecosystem

Google Pay has a passes feature, which exists in a larger ecosystem. They are presented in the bottom half of the app and can be sorted manually. Developers must first be granted access to the Google Pay API for Passes before they can author such items.[40]

In its simplest form, an interaction (or transaction) between a pass and a system is facilitated by a 1D or 2D code, although it requires the customer to initiate the activity. Passes can also contain nothing but plain text or an image.

More advanced passes would be ones that incorporate NFC technology to convey. Walgreens enabled this first with their Balance Rewards loyalty program in 2015; customers can add their card to Google Pay and be able to tap their phone to the terminal when prompted for their rewards card.[41] Since then, more businesses have found uses for these types of passes, like with contactless ticketing at NCAA[42] and MLB sports arenas[43] and Dave & Buster's Power Cards.[44]

In addition to retailer-specific passes, Google Pay also supports contactless student IDs through the Transact eAccounts application, as well as transit tickets and passes such as the Las Vegas Monorail and Portland Tri-Met's Hop Fastpass.[45][46][47]

Passes that can be transmitted through NFC are only available through the Android platform, but passes that are available through 1D/2D codes are available online and through the iOS app as well. However, the Wear OS version of Google Pay doesn't feature passes at all, instead only offering payment features.

Availability

Supported countries

Global availability of Google Pay - Green: Available[48]
Availability
Release date Support for payment cards issued in Flutter version Wear OS support[49] iOS support[50]
September 11, 2015 United States
May 18, 2016 United Kingdom[51]
June 27, 2016 Singapore[52]
July 13, 2016 Australia[53]
October 20, 2016 Hong Kong[54][55]
November 17, 2016 Poland[56]
December 1, 2016 New Zealand[57]
December 7, 2016 Ireland[58]
December 13, 2016 Japan[59]
March 7, 2017 Belgium[60]
May 23, 2017 Russia[61][62]
May 31, 2017 Canada[63]
June 1, 2017 Taiwan[64]
July 26, 2017 Spain[65]
November 1, 2017 Ukraine[66]
November 14, 2017  Brazil[67]
 Czech Republic[68]
February 28, 2018 Slovakia[69][70]
June 26, 2018 Germany[71][72]
July 31, 2018  Croatia[73][74][75]
August 28, 2018  India[30] (UPI based, previously known as Tez release date August 17, 2017)
September 19, 2018  Italy[76][77][78][79]
October 30, 2018  Denmark[80]
 Finland[80]
 Norway[80]
 Sweden[80]
November 14, 2018 United Arab Emirates[81]
November 27, 2018  Chile[82]
December 11, 2018  France[83]
April 30, 2019   Switzerland[84][85]
November 17, 2020  Austria[86]
 Estonia[86]
 Greece[86]
 Latvia[86]
 Lithuania[86]
 Netherlands[86]
 Portugal[86]
 Romania[87]
 Bulgaria[88]
 Hungary[89]

Those on light yellow background: originally released as Android Pay.

Supported networks

Supported loyalty programs

These programs are conveyed through NFC through Google Pay's Smart Tap feature. Some of these can be added through the app, while others must be added through the respective retailer's app or website.

Country Retailer One Tap/Two Tap
Australia Woolworths' Everyday Rewards[91] Two Tap
Japan d Point[92] Two Tap
Rakuten Point Card[93] Two Tap
United Kingdom Nando's Nando Card[94] Two Tap
United States Coca-Cola's Vending Pass[95] One Tap
Dave & Buster's Power Card[96] One Tap
Jimmy John's Freaky Fast Rewards[97] One Tap
Redbox's Redbox Perks[98] Two Tap
Walgreens' myWalgreens[99] Two Tap
Yogurtland's Real Rewards[100] One Tap

Usage within public transport systems

Country Area Identified as a transit transaction Fare Payment Method(s)
Australia Sydney Debit and credit cards
Victoria Myki
Brazil Rio de Janeiro (only MetrôRio) Visa debit and credit cards
São Paulo (only SPTrans) Elo, Mastercard and Visa debit and credit cards
Canada Vancouver Debit and credit cards
Japan Countrywide All forms of transit that support Suica[lower-alpha 1]
Russia Moscow Debit and credit cards
Novosibirsk Debit and credit cards
Saint Petersburg Debit and credit cards
Singapore Countrywide Mastercard and Visa debit and credit cards
Ukraine Kyiv Mastercard debit and credit cards
United Kingdom London Debit and credit cards
Manchester Debit and credit cards
Tyne and Wear Pop
West Midlands Swift
United States Chicago Debit and credit cards
Las Vegas Contactless ticket
Miami Debit and credit cards
New York City Debit and credit cards
Portland Hop FastPass, debit and credit cards

Supported campus identifications

Available through the Transact eAccounts app on Google Play. CBORD also supports campus identifications on Android, but such IDs are not yet directly available through Google Pay.[101]

Country School
United States Santa Clara University's ACCESS Card
The University of Alabama's ActionCard[102]
Arkansas State University's Access A-State ID[103]
Mercer University's Bear Card[104]
Marshall University's Campus ID[105]
Duke University's DukeCard[106]
Biola University's Eagle ID[107]
Georgetown University's GoCard
Chowan University's HawksCard[108]
Hamilton College's Hill Card[109]
St. Edward's University's Hilltopper Card
Johns Hopkins University's J-Card[110]
College of Coastal Georgia's Mariner Access Card
Roanoke College's Maroon Card[111]
South Dakota State University's MyJacks Card[112]
Yavapai College's OneCard[113]
Temple University's OWLcard[114]
Maryville University's Saints ID[115]
The University of Oklahoma's Sooner Card[116]
Hawaii Pacific University's UniCard[117]
Canada University of New Brunswick's UCard

See also

References

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