Hammer throw

The hammer throw is one of the four throwing events in regular track and field competitions, along with the discus throw, shot put and javelin. The "hammer" used in this sport is not like any of the tools also called by that name. It consists of a metal ball attached by a steel wire to a grip. The size of the ball varies between men's and women's competitions (see Competition section below for details).

Safety net for hammer throw

Athletics
Hammer throw
Irish-born American John Flanagan in the hammer throw competition at the Summer Olympics 1908 in London
World records
Men Yuriy Sedykh 86.74 m (1986)
Women Anita Włodarczyk 82.98 m (2016)
Olympic records
Men Sergey Litvinov 84.80 m (1988)
Women Anita Włodarczyk 82.29 m (2016)
Scottish hammer throw illustration from Frank R.Stockton's book "Round-about Rambles in Lands of Fact and Fancy"
The traditional Highland games version of event
The contemporary version of the hammer throw
World Athletics Championships 2007 in Osaka - Victory Ceremony for Hammer Throw with winner Ivan Tsikhan (middle)

History

With roots dating back to the 15th century, the contemporary version of the hammer throw is one of the oldest of Olympic Games competitions, first included at the 1900 games in Paris, France (the second Olympiad of the modern era). Its history since the late 1960s and legacy prior to inclusion in the Olympics have been dominated by European and Eastern European influence, which has affected interest in the event in other parts of the world.

The hammer evolved from its early informal origins to become part of the Scottish Highland games in the late 18th century, where the original version of the event is still contested today.

While the men's hammer throw has been part of the Olympics since 1900, the International Association of Athletics Federations did not start ratifying women's marks until 1995. Women's hammer throw was first included in the Olympics at the 2000 summer games in Sydney, Australia, after having been included in the World Championships a year earlier.

Competition

The men's hammer weighs 16 pounds (7.26 kg) and measures 3 feet 11 34 inches (121.3 cm) in length, and the women's hammer weighs 8.82 lb (4 kg) and 3 ft 11 in (119.4 cm) in length.[1] Like the other throwing events, the competition is decided by who can throw the implement the farthest.

Although commonly thought of as a strength event, technical advancements in the last 30 years have evolved hammer throw competition to a point where more focus is on speed in order to gain maximum distance.

The throwing motion involves about two swings from stationary position, then three, four or very rarely five rotations of the body in circular motion using a complicated heel-toe movement of the foot. The ball moves in a circular path, gradually increasing in velocity with each turn with the high point of the hammer ball toward the target sector and the low point at the back of the circle. The thrower releases the ball at the side of the circle as the hammer's velocity tends upward and toward the target.

As of 2015 the men's hammer world record is held by Yuriy Sedykh, who threw 86.74 m (284 ft 6 34 in) at the 1986 European Athletics Championships in Stuttgart, West Germany on 30 August.

The world record for the women's hammer is held by Anita Włodarczyk, who threw 82.98 m (272 ft 2 34 in) during the Kamila Skolimowska Memorial on 28 August 2016.

All-time top 25 hammer throwers

Men

  • Updated August 2015
Rank Mark Athlete Place Date Ref
1 86.74 m (284 ft 6 34 in)  Yuriy Sedykh (URS) Stuttgart 30 August 1986
2 86.04 m (282 ft 3 14 in)  Sergey Litvinov (URS) Dresden 3 July 1986
3 84.90 m (278 ft 6 12 in)  Vadim Devyatovskiy (BLR) Minsk 21 July 2005
4 84.86 m (278 ft 4 34 in)  Koji Murofushi (JPN) Prague 29 June 2003
5 84.62 m (277 ft 7 14 in)  Igor Astapkovich (BLR) Seville 6 June 1992
6 84.51 m (277 ft 3 in)  Ivan Tsikhan (BLR) Grodno 9 July 2008
7 84.48 m (277 ft 1 34 in)  Igor Nikulin (URS) Lausanne 12 July 1990
8 84.40 m (276 ft 10 34 in)  Jüri Tamm (URS) Banská Bystrica 9 September 1984
9 84.19 m (276 ft 2 12 in)  Adrián Annus (HUN) Szombathely 10 August 2003
10 83.93 m (275 ft 4 14 in)  Paweł Fajdek (POL) Szczecin 9 August 2015 [2]
11 83.68 m (274 ft 6 14 in)  Tibor Gécsek (HUN) Zalaegerszeg 19 September 1998
12 83.46 m (273 ft 9 34 in)  Andrey Abduvaliyev (URS) Sochi 26 May 1990
13 83.43 m (273 ft 8 12 in)  Aleksey Zagornyi (RUS) Adler 10 February 2002
14 83.40 m (273 ft 7 14 in)  Ralf Haber (DDR) Athens 16 May 1988
15 83.38 m (273 ft 6 12 in)  Szymon Ziółkowski (POL) Edmonton 5 August 2001
16 83.30 m (273 ft 3 12 in)  Olli-Pekka Karjalainen (FIN) Lahti 14 July 2004
17 83.04 m (272 ft 5 14 in)  Heinz Weis (DEU) Frankfurt 29 June 1997
18 83.00 m (272 ft 3 12 in)  Balázs Kiss (HUN) Saint-Denis 4 June 1998
19 82.78 m (271 ft 7 in)  Karsten Kobs (DEU) Dortmund 26 June 1999
20 82.69 m (271 ft 3 12 in)  Krisztián Pars (HUN) Zürich 16 August 2014
21 82.64 m (271 ft 1 12 in)  Günther Rodehau (DDR) Dresden 3 August 1985
22 82.62 m (271 ft 34 in)  Sergey Kirmasov (RUS) Zalaegerszeg 30 May 1998
82.62 m (271 ft 34 in)  Andriy Skvaruk (UKR) Kyiv 27 April 2002
24 82.58 m (270 ft 11 in)  Primož Kozmus (SVN) Celje 2 September 2009
25 82.54 m (270 ft 9 12 in)  Vasiliy Sidorenko (RUS) Krasnodar 13 May 1992

Notes

Below is a list of all other throws equal or superior to 86.50 m:

  • Yuriy Sedykh 86.66 (1986). Sedykh also threw 86.68 and 86.62 ancillary marks during world record competition.
  • Ivan Tsikhan of Belarus also threw 86.73 on 3 July 2005 in Brest, but this performance was annulled due to drugs disqualification.

Women

  • Correct as of September 2019.[3]
Rank Mark Athlete Date Place Ref
1 82.98 m (272 ft 2 34 in)  Anita Włodarczyk (POL) 28 August 2016 Warsaw [4]
2 79.42 m (260 ft 6 34 in)  Betty Heidler (GER) 21 May 2011 Halle
3 78.51 m (257 ft 6 34 in)  Tatyana Lysenko (RUS) 5 July 2012 Cheboksary
4 78.24 m (256 ft 8 14 in)  DeAnna Price (USA) 27 July 2019 Des Moines [5]
5 77.78 m (255 ft 2 in)  Gwen Berry (USA) 8 June 2018 Chorzów [6]
6 77.68 m (254 ft 10 14 in)  Wang Zheng (CHN) 29 March 2014 Chengdu
7 77.33 m (253 ft 8 14 in)  Zhang Wenxiu (CHN) 28 September 2014 Incheon
8 77.32 m (253 ft 8 in)  Aksana Miankova (BLR) 29 June 2008 Minsk
9 77.26 m (253 ft 5 12 in)  Gulfiya Agafonova (RUS) 12 June 2006 Tula
10 77.13 m (253 ft 12 in)  Oksana Kondratyeva (RUS) 30 June 2013 Zhukovskiy
11 76.90 m (252 ft 3 12 in)  Martina Hrašnová (SVK) 16 May 2009 Trnava
12 76.85 m (252 ft 1 12 in)  Malwina Kopron (POL) 26 August 2017 Taipei City [7]
13 76.83 m (252 ft 34 in)  Kamila Skolimowska (POL) 11 May 2007 Doha
14 76.75 m (251 ft 9 12 in)  Brooke Andersen (USA) 2 June 2019 Rathdrum [8]
15 76.72 m (251 ft 8 14 in)  Mariya Bespalova (RUS) 23 June 2012 Zhukovsky
16 76.66 m (251 ft 6 in)  Volha Tsander (BLR) 23 June 2006 Minsk
17 76.63 m (251 ft 4 34 in)  Yekaterina Khoroshikh (RUS) 23 June 2006 Zhukovsky
18 76.62 m (251 ft 4 12 in)  Yipsi Moreno (CUB) 9 September 2008 Zagreb
19 76.56 m (251 ft 2 in)  Alena Matoshka (BLR) 12 June 2012 Minsk
20 76.35 m (250 ft 5 34 in)  Joanna Fiodorow (POL) 28 September 2019 Doha [9]
21 76.33 m (250 ft 5 in)  Darya Pchelnik (BLR) 29 June 2008 Minsk
22 76.26 m (250 ft 2 14 in)  Hanna Malyshik (BLR) 27 April 2018 Brest
23 76.21 m (250 ft 14 in)  Yelena Konevtseva (RUS) 26 May 2007 Sochi
24 76.17 m (249 ft 10 34 in)  Anna Bulgakova (RUS) 24 July 2013 Moscow
25 76.07 m (249 ft 6 34 in)  Mihaela Melinte (ROU) 29 August 1999 Rüdlingen

Notes

Below is a list of all other throws equal or superior to 78.00 m:

  • Anita Włodarczyk also threw 82.87 (2017), 82.29 (2016), 81.77 (2016), 81.74 (2016), 81.63 (2017), 81.27 (2016), 81.08 (2015), 80.85 (2015), 80.79 (2017), 80.73 (2017), 80.69 (2017), 80.42 (2017), 80.40 (2016), 80.31 (2016), 80.26 (2016), 79.80 (2017), 79.73 (2017), 79.72 (2017), 79.68 (2016 & 2017), 79.67 (2016), 79.63 (2017), 79.62 (2016), 79.61 (2016), 79.59 (2018), 79.58 (2016), 79.48 (2016), 79.45 (2016), 79.39 (2016), 79.27 (2017), 79.23 (2017), 79.07 (2017), 79.06 (2017), 78.94 (2018), 78.76 (2014), 78.74 (2018), 78.69 (2016), 78.59 (2017), 78.55 (2018), 78.54 (2016), 78.52 (2017), 78.46 (2013), 78.35 (2017), 78.30 (2010), 78.28 (2015), 78.24 (2015), 78.22 (2013), 78.17 (2014), 78.16 (2015), 78.14 (2016), 78.10 (2016) and 78.00 (2017).
  • Betty Heidler also threw 78.07 (2012) and 78.00 (2014).
  • DeAnna Price also threw 78.12 (2018).

The following athletes had their performances (over 77.00 m) annulled due to doping offences:

Olympic medalists

Men

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1900 Paris
John Flanagan
 United States
Truxtun Hare
 United States
Josiah McCracken
 United States
1904 St. Louis
John Flanagan
 United States
John DeWitt
 United States
Ralph Rose
 United States
1908 London
John Flanagan
 United States
Matt McGrath
 United States
Con Walsh
 Canada
1912 Stockholm
Matt McGrath
 United States
Duncan Gillis
 Canada
Clarence Childs
 United States
1920 Antwerp
Patrick Ryan
 United States
Carl Johan Lind
 Sweden
Basil Bennett
 United States
1924 Paris
Fred Tootell
 United States
Matt McGrath
 United States
Malcolm Nokes
 Great Britain
1928 Amsterdam
Pat O'Callaghan
 Ireland
Ossian Skiöld
 Sweden
Edmund Black
 United States
1932 Los Angeles
Pat O'Callaghan
 Ireland
Ville Pörhölä
 Finland
Peter Zaremba
 United States
1936 Berlin
Karl Hein
 Germany
Erwin Blask
 Germany
Fred Warngård
 Sweden
1948 London
Imre Németh
 Hungary
Ivan Gubijan
 Yugoslavia
Robert Bennett
 United States
1952 Helsinki
József Csermák
 Hungary
Karl Storch
 Germany
Imre Németh
 Hungary
1956 Melbourne
Hal Connolly
 United States
Mikhail Krivonosov
 Soviet Union
Anatoliy Samotsvetov
 Soviet Union
1960 Rome
Vasily Rudenkov
 Soviet Union
Gyula Zsivótzky
 Hungary
Tadeusz Rut
 Poland
1964 Tokyo
Romuald Klim
 Soviet Union
Gyula Zsivótzky
 Hungary
Uwe Beyer
 United Team of Germany
1968 Mexico City
Gyula Zsivótzky
 Hungary
Romuald Klim
 Soviet Union
Lázár Lovász
 Hungary
1972 Munich
Anatoliy Bondarchuk
 Soviet Union
Jochen Sachse
 East Germany
Vasiliy Khmelevskiy
 Soviet Union
1976 Montreal
Yuriy Sedykh
 Soviet Union
Aleksey Spiridonov
 Soviet Union
Anatoliy Bondarchuk
 Soviet Union
1980 Moscow
Yuriy Sedykh
 Soviet Union
Sergey Litvinov
 Soviet Union
Jüri Tamm
 Soviet Union
1984 Los Angeles
Juha Tiainen
 Finland
Karl-Hans Riehm
 West Germany
Klaus Ploghaus
 West Germany
1988 Seoul
Sergey Litvinov
 Soviet Union
Yuriy Sedykh
 Soviet Union
Jüri Tamm
 Soviet Union
1992 Barcelona
Andrey Abduvaliyev
 Unified Team
Igor Astapkovich
 Unified Team
Igor Nikulin
 Unified Team
1996 Atlanta
Balázs Kiss
 Hungary
Lance Deal
 United States
Oleksandr Krykun
 Ukraine
2000 Sydney
Szymon Ziółkowski
 Poland
Nicola Vizzoni
 Italy
Igor Astapkovich
 Belarus
2004 Athens
Koji Murofushi
 Japan
Not awarded[10] Eşref Apak
 Turkey
2008 Beijing
Primož Kozmus
 Slovenia
Vadim Devyatovskiy
 Belarus[11]
Ivan Tsikhan
 Belarus[11]
2012 London
Krisztián Pars
 Hungary
Primož Kozmus
 Slovenia
Koji Murofushi
 Japan
2016 Rio de Janeiro
Dilshod Nazarov
 Tajikistan
Ivan Tsikhan
 Belarus
Wojciech Nowicki
 Poland

Women

Games Gold Silver Bronze
2000 Sydney
Kamila Skolimowska
 Poland
Olga Kuzenkova
 Russia
Kirsten Münchow
 Germany
2004 Athens
Olga Kuzenkova
 Russia
Yipsi Moreno
 Cuba
Yunaika Crawford
 Cuba
2008 Beijing
Yipsi Moreno
 Cuba
Zhang Wenxiu
 China
Manuela Montebrun
 France
2012 London
Anita Włodarczyk
 Poland
Betty Heidler
 Germany
Zhang Wenxiu
 China
2016 Rio de Janeiro
Anita Włodarczyk
 Poland
Zhang Wenxiu
 China
Sophie Hitchon
 Great Britain

World Championships medalists

Men

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
 Sergey Litvinov (URS)  Yuriy Sedykh (URS)  Zdzisław Kwaśny (POL)
1987 Rome
 Sergey Litvinov (URS)  Jüri Tamm (URS)  Ralf Haber (GDR)
1991 Tokyo
 Yuriy Sedykh (URS)  Igor Astapkovich (URS)  Heinz Weis (GER)
1993 Stuttgart
 Andrey Abduvaliyev (TJK)  Igor Astapkovich (BLR)  Tibor Gécsek (HUN)
1995 Gothenburg
 Andrey Abduvaliyev (TJK)  Igor Astapkovich (BLR)  Tibor Gécsek (HUN)
1997 Athens
 Heinz Weis (GER)  Andriy Skvaruk (UKR)  Vasiliy Sidorenko (RUS)
1999 Seville
 Karsten Kobs (GER)  Zsolt Németh (HUN)  Vladyslav Piskunov (UKR)
2001 Edmonton
 Szymon Ziółkowski (POL)  Koji Murofushi (JPN)  Ilya Konovalov (RUS)
2003 Saint-Denis
 Ivan Tsikhan (BLR)  Adrián Annus (HUN)  Koji Murofushi (JPN)
2005 Helsinki
 Szymon Ziółkowski (POL)  Markus Esser (GER)  Olli-Pekka Karjalainen (FIN)
2007 Osaka
 Ivan Tsikhan (BLR)  Primož Kozmus (SLO)  Libor Charfreitag (SVK)
2009 Berlin
 Primož Kozmus (SLO)  Szymon Ziółkowski (POL)  Aleksey Zagornyi (RUS)
2011 Daegu
 Koji Murofushi (JPN)  Krisztián Pars (HUN)  Primož Kozmus (SLO)
2013 Moscow
 Paweł Fajdek (POL)  Krisztián Pars (HUN)  Lukáš Melich (CZE)
2015 Beijing
 Paweł Fajdek (POL)  Dilshod Nazarov (TJK)  Wojciech Nowicki (POL)
2017 London
 Paweł Fajdek (POL)  Valeriy Pronkin (ANA)  Wojciech Nowicki (POL)
2019 Doha
 Paweł Fajdek (POL)  Quentin Bigot (FRA)  Bence Halász (HUN)
 Wojciech Nowicki (POL)

Women

Championships Gold Silver Bronze
1999 Seville
 Mihaela Melinte (ROU)  Olga Kuzenkova (RUS)  Lisa Misipeka (ASA)
2001 Edmonton
 Yipsi Moreno (CUB)  Olga Kuzenkova (RUS)  Bronwyn Eagles (AUS)
2003 Saint-Denis
 Yipsi Moreno (CUB)  Olga Kuzenkova (RUS)  Manuela Montebrun (FRA)
2005 Helsinki
 Yipsi Moreno (CUB)  Tatyana Lysenko (RUS)  Manuela Montebrun (FRA)
2007 Osaka
 Betty Heidler (GER)  Yipsi Moreno (CUB)  Zhang Wenxiu (CHN)
2009 Berlin
 Anita Włodarczyk (POL)  Betty Heidler (GER)  Martina Hrašnová (SVK)
2011 Daegu
 Tatyana Lysenko (RUS)  Betty Heidler (GER)  Zhang Wenxiu (CHN)
2013 Moscow
 Anita Włodarczyk (POL)  Zhang Wenxiu (CHN)  Wang Zheng (CHN)
2015 Beijing
 Anita Włodarczyk (POL)  Zhang Wenxiu (CHN)  Alexandra Tavernier (FRA)
2017 London
 Anita Włodarczyk (POL)  Wang Zheng (CHN)  Malwina Kopron (POL)
2019 Doha
 DeAnna Price (USA)  Joanna Fiodorow (POL)  Wang Zheng (CHN)

Season's bests

See also

Notes and references

  1. "Hammer Throw - Introduction". IAAF. Retrieved 12 December 2011.
  2. Phil Minshull (9 August 2015). "Fajdek throws 83.93m in Szczecin". IAAF. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  3. "All-time women's best hammer throw". IAAF. 7 May 2017. Retrieved 7 May 2017.
  4. "Wlodarczyk extends hammer world record in Warsaw". IAAF. 28 August 2016. Retrieved 28 August 2016.
  5. Roy Jordan (28 July 2019). "Kendricks tops 6.06m in Des Moines". IAAF. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  6. Jon Mulkeen (8 June 2018). "Berry and Nowicki topple hammer favourites in Chorzow". IAAF. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  7. "Women's Hammer Final Results" (PDF). 2017.taipei. 26 August 2017. Retrieved 26 August 2017.
  8. Erik Boal (2 June 2019). "Brooke Andersen Nails Down World Lead in Hammer Throw at Iron Wood Classic". runnerspace.com. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
  9. "Hammer Throw Results" (PDF). IAAF. 28 September 2019. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
  10. 2004 Olympic Hammer Throw Medalists. Olympic.org. Retrieved on 2014-04-19.
  11. Engeler, Elaine (10 June 2010). "CAS Reinstates Medals for Hammer Throwers". Yahoo! Sports. Associated Press. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
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