Decathlon
The decathlon is a combined event in athletics consisting of ten track and field events. The word "decathlon" was formed, in analogy to the word "pentathlon", from Greek δέκα (déka, meaning "ten") and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "contest" or “prize”). Events are held over two consecutive days and the winners are determined by the combined performance in all. Performance is judged on a points system in each event, not by the position achieved.[1] The decathlon is contested mainly by male athletes, while female athletes typically compete in the heptathlon.
| Athletics Decathlon | |
|---|---|
   Decathlon combines four runs, three jumps and three throws. | |
| World records | |
| Men |  Kevin Mayer 9126 pts (2018) |
| Olympic records | |
| Men |  Roman Šebrle 8893 pts (2004) Ashton Eaton 8893 pts (2016) |
| World Championship records | |
| Men | Ashton Eaton 9045 pts (2015) |
Traditionally, the title of "World's Greatest Athlete" has been given to the person who wins the decathlon. This began when King Gustav V of Sweden told Jim Thorpe, "Sir, you are the world's greatest athlete" after Thorpe won the decathlon at the Stockholm Olympics in 1912.[2]
The event is similar to the pentathlon held at the ancient Greek Olympics,[3] and also similar to a competition called an "all-around", which was contested at the United States amateur championships in 1884.[4][5] Another all-around was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics.[6] The modern decathlon first appeared at the 1912 Games.[7]
The current official decathlon world record holder is French Kevin Mayer, who scored a total of 9,126 points at the 2018 Décastar in France.
Historical background
The decathlon developed from the ancient pentathlon competitions held at the ancient Greek Olympics. Pentathlons involved five disciplines – long jump, discus throw, javelin throw, sprint and a wrestling match.[3] Introduced in Olympia during 708 BC, the competition was extremely popular for many centuries. By the sixth century BC, pentathlons had become part of religious games.
A ten-event competition known as the "all-around" or "all-round" championship, similar to the modern decathlon, was first contested at the United States amateur championships in 1884 and reached a consistent form by 1890;[4][5] an all-around was held at the 1904 Summer Olympics, though whether it was an official Olympic event has been disputed.[6] The modern decathlon first appeared on the Olympic athletics program at the 1912 Games in Stockholm.[7]
Format
Men's decathlon
The vast majority of international and top level men's decathlons are divided into a two-day competition, with the track and field events held in the order below. Traditionally, all decathletes who finish the event, rather than just the winner or medal winning athletes, do a round of honour together after the competition. The current world record holder is Kevin Mayer from France with 9126 points which he set on September 16, 2018 in Talence, France.
Women's decathlon
At major championships, the women's equivalent of the decathlon is the seven-event heptathlon; prior to 1981 it was the five-event pentathlon.[8] However, in 2001, the IAAF approved scoring tables for a women's decathlon; the current world record holder is Austra Skujytė of Lithuania, with 8,366.[9] Women's disciplines differ from men's in the same way as for standalone events: the shot, discus and javelin weigh less, and the sprint hurdles uses lower hurdles over 100 m rather than 110 m. The points tables used are the same as for the heptathlon in the shared events. The schedule of events differs from the men's decathlon, with the field events switched between day one and day two; this is to avoid scheduling conflicts when men's and women's decathlon competitions take place simultaneously.[10]
One hour
The one-hour decathlon is a special type of decathlon in which the athletes have to start the last of ten events (1500 m) within sixty minutes of the start of the first event. The world record holder is Czech decathlete Robert Změlík, who achieved 7,897 points at a meeting in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, in 1992.
Masters athletics
In Masters athletics, performance scores are age graded before being applied to the standard scoring table. This way, marks that would be competitive within an age division can get rated, even if those marks would not appear on the scale designed for younger age groups. Additionally, like women, the age divisions use different implement weights and lower hurdles. Based on this system, German Rolf Geese in the M60 division and American Robert Hewitt in the M80 divisions have set their respective world records over 8,000 points. Using the same scale, Nadine O'Connor scored 10,234 points in the W65 division, the highest decathlon score ever recorded.[11][12]
Points system
| Event | A | B | C |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 m | 25.4347 | 18 | 1.81 |
| Long jump | 0.14354 | 220 | 1.4 |
| Shot put | 51.39 | 1.5 | 1.05 |
| High jump | 0.8465 | 75 | 1.42 |
| 400 m | 1.53775 | 82 | 1.81 |
| 110 m hurdles | 5.74352 | 28.5 | 1.92 |
| Discus throw | 12.91 | 4 | 1.1 |
| Pole vault | 0.2797 | 100 | 1.35 |
| Javelin throw | 10.14 | 7 | 1.08 |
| 1500 m | 0.03768 | 480 | 1.85 |
The 2001 IAAF points tables use the following formulae:[13]
- Points = INT(A(B — P)C) for track events (faster time produces a higher score)
- Points = INT(A(P — B)C) for field events (greater distance or height produces a higher score)
A, B and C are parameters that vary by discipline, as shown in the table on the right, while P is the performance by the athlete, measured in seconds (running), metres (throwing), or centimetres (jumping).[13]
The decathlon tables should not be confused with the scoring tables compiled by Bojidar Spiriev, to allow comparison of the relative quality of performances by athletes in different events. On those tables, for example, a decathlon score of 9,006 points equates to 1,265 "comparison points", the same number as a triple jump of 18 m.[14]
Benchmarks
Split evenly between the events, the following table shows the benchmark levels needed to earn 1,000, 900, 800 and 700 points in each sport.
| Event | 1,000 pts | 900 pts | 800 pts | 700 pts | Unit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 m | 10.395 | 10.827 | 11.278 | 11.756 | Seconds |
| Long jump | 7.76 | 7.36 | 6.94 | 6.51 | Metres |
| Shot put | 18.40 | 16.79 | 15.16 | 13.53 | Metres |
| High jump | 2.20 | 2.10 | 1.99 | 1.88 | Metres |
| 400 m | 46.17 | 48.19 | 50.32 | 52.58 | Seconds |
| 110 m hurdles | 13.80 | 14.59 | 15.419 | 16.29 | Seconds |
| Discus throw | 56.17 | 51.4 | 46.59 | 41.72 | Metres |
| Pole vault | 5.28 | 4.96 | 4.63 | 4.29 | Metres |
| Javelin throw | 77.19 | 70.67 | 64.09 | 57.45 | Metres |
| 1500 m | 3:53.79 | 4:07.42 | 4:21.77 | 4:36.96 | Minutes:Seconds |
Records
The official decathlon world record holder is Kevin Mayer of France, with a score of 9,126 points set during the 2018 Décastar in Talence, France, which was ratified by the IAAF.
| 100m (wind) | Long jump (wind) | Shot put | High jump | 400m | 110H (wind) | Discus | Pole vault | Javelin | 1500m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.55 (+0.3 m/s) | 7.80 m (+1.2 m/s) | 16.00 m | 2.05 m | 48.42 | 13.75 (-1.1 m/s) | 50.54 m | 5.45 m | 71.90 m | 4:36.11 |
Previous record from Ashton Eaton (9,045):
| 100m (wind) | Long jump (wind) | Shot put | High jump | 400m | 110H (wind) | Discus | Pole vault | Javelin | 1500m |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10.23 (-0.4 m/s) | 7.88 m (+0.0 m/s) | 14.52 m | 2.01 m | 45.00 WDB | 13.69 (-0.2 m/s) | 43.34 m | 5.20 m | 63.63 m | 4:17.52 |
| Record | Score | Athlete | Year | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| World | 9,126 | Kevin Mayer (FRA) | 2018 | |
| Continental records | ||||
| Africa | 8,521 |  Larbi Bourrada (ALG) | 2016 | |
| Asia | 8,725 |  Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ) | 2004 | |
| Europe | 9,126 | Kevin Mayer (FRA) | 2018 | |
| North, Central America and Caribbean | 9,045 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | 2015 | |
| Oceania | 8,492 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Ashley Moloney (AUS) | 2020 | |
| South America | 8,393 |  Carlos Chinin (BRA) | 2013 | |
Decathlon bests
The total decathlon score for all world records in the respective events would be 12,568. The total decathlon score for all the best performances achieved during decathlons is 10,544. The Difference column shows the difference in points between the decathlon points that the individual current world record would be awarded and the points awarded to the current decathlon record for that event. The % Difference column shows the percentage difference between the time, distance or height of the individual world record and the decathlon record (other than the Total entry, which shows the percentage difference between awarded decathlon points). The relative differences in points are much higher in throwing events than in running and jumping events.
Decathlon bests are only recognized when an athlete completes the ten-event competition with a score over 7,000 points.[15]
| Event | Type | Athlete | Record | Score | Difference | % Difference | Date | Location | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 m | |||||||||
| WR |  Usain Bolt (JAM) | 9.58 s | 1,202 | 136 | 5.64 | August 16, 2009 | Berlin | ||
| DB | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Damian Warner (CAN) | 10.12 s | 1,066 | May 25, 2019 | Götzis | [16] | |||
| Long jump | |||||||||
| WR | Mike Powell (USA) | 8.95 m | 1,312 | 192 | 8.04 | August 30, 1991 | Tokyo | ||
| DB | Ashton Eaton (USA) | 8.23 m | 1,120 | June 22, 2012 | Eugene | [17] | |||
| Shot put | |||||||||
| WR | Randy Barnes (USA) | 23.12 m | 1,295 | 247 | 17.08 | May 20, 1990 | Westwood | ||
| DB |  Edy Hubacher (SUI) | 19.17 m | 1,048 | October 5, 1969 | Bern | ||||
| High jump | |||||||||
| WR |  Javier Sotomayor (CUB) | 2.45 m | 1,244 | 183 | 7.35 | July 27, 1993 | Salamanca | ||
| DB |  Rolf Beilschmidt (GDR) & Christian Schenk (GDR) | 2.27 m | 1,061 | October 1, 1977 September 28, 1988 | Jena Seoul | ||||
| pending | Derek Drouin (CAN) | 2.28 m | 1,071 | 173 | April 7, 2017 | Montecito | [18] | ||
| 400 m | |||||||||
| WR |  Wayde van Niekerk (RSA) | 43.03 s | 1,164 | 104 | 4.48 | August 14, 2016 | Rio de Janeiro | [19] | |
| DB | Ashton Eaton (USA) | 45.00 s | 1,060 | August 28, 2015 | Beijing | [20] | |||
| 110 m hurdles | |||||||||
| WR | Aries Merritt (USA) | 12.80 s | 1,135 | 87 | 5.00 | September 7, 2012 | Brussels | ||
| DB | Damian Warner (CAN) | 13.44 s | 1,048 | July 23, 2015 | Toronto | [21] | |||
| Discus throw | |||||||||
| WR | Jürgen Schult (GDR) | 74.08 m | 1,383 | 390 | 24.58 | June 6, 1986 | Neubrandenburg | ||
| DB | Bryan Clay (USA) | 55.87 m | 993 | June 24, 2005 | Carson | ||||
| Pole vault | |||||||||
| WR |  Armand Duplantis (SWE) | 6.18 m | 1,291 | 139 | 7.29 | February 15, 2020 | Glasgow | ||
| DB |  Tim Lobinger (GER) | 5.76 m | 1,152 | September 16, 1999 | Leverkusen | ||||
| Javelin throw | |||||||||
| WR | Jan Železný (CZE) | 98.48 m | 1,331 | 291 | 18.96 | May 25, 1996 | Jena | ||
| DB | Peter Blank (GER) | 79.80 m | 1,040 | July 19, 1992 | Emmelshausen | ||||
| 1500 m | |||||||||
| WR |  Hicham El Guerrouj (MAR) | 3:26.00 min:s | 1,218 | 255 | 15.87 | July 14, 1998 | Rome | ||
| DB | Robert Baker (USA) | 3:58.7 min:s | 963 | April 3, 1980 | Austin | ||||
| Total | World records | 12,575 | 2,031 | 16.15 | |||||
| Decathlon bests | 10,544 | ||||||||
All-time top 25 decathletes
Men
- Correct as of October 2019.[22]
| Rank | Score | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 9,126 | Kevin Mayer (FRA) |
September 15–16, 2018 | Talence | [23] |
| 2 | 9,045 | Ashton Eaton (USA) | August 28–29, 2015 | Beijing | |
| 3 | 9,026 | Roman Šebrle (CZE) | May 26–27, 2001 | Götzis | |
| 4 | 8,994 | Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) | July 3–4, 1999 | Prague | |
| 5 | 8,891 | Dan O'Brien (USA) | September 4–5, 1992 | Talence | |
| 6 | 8,847 |  Daley Thompson (GBR) | August 8–9, 1984 | Los Angeles | |
| 7 | 8,832 | Jürgen Hingsen (FRG) | June 8–9, 1984 | Mannheim | |
| Bryan Clay (USA) | June 29–30, 2008 | Eugene | |||
| 9 | 8,815 |  Erki Nool (EST) | August 6–7, 2001 | Edmonton | |
| 10 | 8,795 | Damian Warner (CAN) |
May 26–27, 2018 | Götzis | [24] |
| 11 | 8,792 | Uwe Freimuth (GDR) | July 20–21, 1984 | Potsdam | |
| 12 | 8,790 | Trey Hardee (USA) | August 19–20, 2009 | Berlin | |
| 13 | 8,784 | Tom Pappas (USA) | June 21–22, 2003 | Palo Alto | |
| 14 | 8,762 | Siegfried Wentz (FRG) | June 4–5, 1983 | Filderstadt-Bernhausen | |
| 15 | 8,735 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Eduard Hämäläinen (BLR) | May 28–29, 1994 | Götzis | |
| 16 | 8,727 | Dave Johnson (USA) | April 23–24, 1992 | Azusa | |
| 17 | 8,725 | Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ) | August 23–24, 2004 | Athens | |
| 18 | 8,709 |  Aleksandr Apaychev (URS) | June 2–3, 1984 | Neubrandenburg | |
| 19 | 8,706 | Frank Busemann (GER) | July 31 – August 1, 1996 | Atlanta | |
| 20 | 8,698 | Grigoriy Degtyaryev (URS) | June 21–22, 1984 | Kyiv | |
| 21 | 8,694 | Chris Huffins (USA) | June 19–20, 1998 | New Orleans | |
| 22 | 8,691 | Niklas Kaul (GER) |
October 2–3, 2019 | Doha | [25] |
| 23 | 8,680 | Torsten Voss (GDR) | September 3–4, 1987 | Rome | |
| 24 | 8,670 | Michael Schrader (GER) | August 10–11, 2013 | Moscow | |
| 25 | 8,667 | Guido Kratschmer (FRG) | June 13–14, 1980 | Filderstadt-Bernhausen |
Notes
Below is a list of other scores equal or superior to 8768 pts:
- Ashton Eaton also scored 9039 pts (2012), 8893 (2016), 8809 pts (2013).
- Roman Šebrle also scored 8893 pts (2004), 8807 (2003), 8800 pts (2002).
- Tomáš Dvořák also scored 8902 pts (2001), 8900 pts (2000), 8837 pts (1997).
- Dan O'Brien also scored 8824 pts (1996), 8812 pts (1991).
- Bryan Clay also scored 8791 pts (2008).
- Daley Thompson also scored 8774 (1982).
- Kevin Mayer also scored 8834 (2016), 8768 (2017).
Women
- Correct as of September 2020.
| Rank | Score | Athlete | Date | Place | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 8,358 |  Austra Skujytė (LTU) |
14–15 April 2005 | Columbia | |
| 2 | 8,150 | Marie Collonvillé (FRA) |
25–26 September 2004 | Talence | |
| 3 | 7,921 | Jordan Gray (USA) |
22–23 June 2019 | San Mateo | [26] |
| 4 | 7,885 | Mona Steigauf (GER) |
1997 | [27] | |
| 5 | 7,798 | Irina Karpova (KAZ) |
25–26 September 2004 | Talence | |
| 6 | 7,742[lower-alpha 1] |  Anna Snetkova (RUS) |
14–15 September 2003 | Sochi | [28] |
| 7 | 7,577 | Tiffany Lott-Hogan (USA) |
2000 | [29] | |
| 8 | 7,470[lower-alpha 2] | Julie Mezerette (FRA) |
2001 | [30] | |
| 9 | 7,358 | Julie Martin (FRA) |
25–26 September 2004 | Talence | |
| 10 | 7,064 | Breanna Eveland (USA) |
13–14 April 2006 | Columbia | |
| 11 | 6,878 | Jessica Taylor (GBR) |
12–13 September 2015 | Erith | [31] |
| 12 | 6,830 | Marion Obermayr (AUS) |
4–5 May 2002 | Linz | [32] |
| 13 | 6,749 | Barbora Špotáková (CZE) |
25–26 September 2004 | Talence | |
| 14 | 6,709 | Marie-Cécile Crancé (FRA) |
25–26 September 2004 | Talence | |
| 15 | 6,641 | Lindsay Grigoriev (USA) |
14–15 April 2005 | Columbia | |
| 16 | 6,614 |  María Peinado (ESP) |
22–23 October 2005 | Castellón | |
| 17 | 6,599 |  Sara Tani (ITA) |
21–22 October 2006 | Udine | [33] |
| 18 | 6,577 | .svg.png.webp){kind=small} Cassandre Evans (BEL) |
28–29 September 2019 | Schaarbeek | [34] |
| 19 | 6,570 |  Andrea Bordalejo (ARG) |
27–28 November 2004 | Rosario | [35] |
| 20 | 6,338 | Marianne Schlachter (GER) |
13–14 April 2006 | Columbia | [36] |
| 21 | 6,330 | AnnaLee McGregor (USA) |
22–23 June 2019 | San Mateo | [37] |
| 22 | 6,296 | Ada Salgarella (ITA) |
21–22 October 2006 | Udine | [38] |
| 23 | 6,202 | Amy Backel (USA) |
22–23 June 2019 | San Mateo | [39] |
Notes
Below is a list of other scores equal or superior to 8000 pts:
- Austra Skujytė also scored 8091 pts (2006).
Competitions
Olympic medalists
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World Championships medalists
Continental competitions
Season's bests
National records
- Updated 25 December 2020.[22]
NR's equal or superior to 8000 pts:
Junior (under-20) Decathlon bests
| Event | Record | Score | Athlete | Nation | Date | Meet | Place | Age | Ref | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 100 m | 10.51 (-0.3 m/s) | 973 pts | Ashley Moloney | Australia |
July 10, 2018 | World Junior Championships |  Tampere, Finland |
18 years, 119 days | [41] | ||||||||||||||||||
| Long jump | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Shot put (6 kg) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| High jump | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 400 m | 46.86 | 965 pts | Ashley Moloney | Australia |
July 10, 2018 | World Junior Championships | Tampere, Finland |
18 years, 119 days | [42] | ||||||||||||||||||
| 110 m hurdles (0.99 m) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discus throw (1.750 kg) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Pole vault | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Javelin throw | 71.59 m | 914 pts | Niklas Kaul | Germany |
July 20, 2016 | World Junior Championships |  Bydgoszcz, Poland |
18 years, 160 days | [43] | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1500 m | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| World Junior record | 8435 pts | Niklas Kaul | Germany |
July 22–23, 2017 | European U20 Championships | Grosseto, Italy |
19 years, 162 days | [44] | |||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other multiple event contests
Notes
- wind information missing for formal ranking
- wind information missing for formal ranking
- Jenner is now known as Caitlyn due to gender transition in 2015.[40]
References
- "IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events" (PDF). IAAF. April 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 10, 2008. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
- "Decathlon". Encarta. 2008. Archived from the original on 28 October 2009. Retrieved 6 August 2008.
- Flatter, Ron. "Thorpe preceded Deion, Bo". espn.com. Retrieved December 11, 2020.
- Waldo E. Sweet, Erich Segal (1987). Sport and recreation in ancient Greece. Oxford University Press. (p37). Retrieved on 7 May 2011.
- "USA Outdoor Track & Field Champions: Men's All-Around". USA Track & Field. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved July 21, 2015.
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- IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events, p. 9.
- "Decathlon Records". IAAF. Retrieved May 9, 2009.
- IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events, p. 10.
- Stone, Ken. "Masters track athlete of the decade?". Masters-athlete.com. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
- "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 21 November 2014.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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- van Kuijen, Hans (12 September 2013). Eaton and Melnychenko lead Talence fields, Lavillenie to make Decathlon debut – IAAF Combined Events Challenge. IAAF. Retrieved on 12 September 2013.
- Gabriella Pieraccini (May 25, 2019). "Johnson-Thompson and Warner reinforce dominance with overnight leads in Götzis". IAAF. Retrieved May 28, 2019.
- "Ashton Eaton Breaks Decathlon 100 m and Long Jump World Records". www.oregonlive.com. June 22, 2012. Retrieved June 23, 2012.
- "2017 Sam Adams Combined Events Invitational – Men's High Jump Results". phototiming.com. April 7, 2017. Retrieved April 9, 2017.
- "Men's 400m Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 14 August 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 September 2016. Retrieved 15 August 2016.
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- Quentin Guillon (September 16, 2018). "Mayer breaks decathlon world record in Talence with 9126". IAAF. Retrieved September 21, 2018.
- Diego Sampaolo (May 27, 2018). "World leads for Thiam and Warner in Gotzis". IAAF. Retrieved May 28, 2018.
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- http://www.rtspt.com/events/usatf/wdec19/190622F001.htm
- "JORDAN GRAY SETS AMERICAN RECORD WINNING INITIAL WOMEN'S DECATHLON NATL'S". pausatf.org. June 23, 2019. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- "JORDAN GRAY SETS AMERICAN RECORD WINNING INITIAL WOMEN'S DECATHLON NATL'S". pausatf.org. June 23, 2019. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- "JORDAN GRAY SETS AMERICAN RECORD WINNING INITIAL WOMEN'S DECATHLON NATL'S". pausatf.org. June 23, 2019. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- "JORDAN GRAY SETS AMERICAN RECORD WINNING INITIAL WOMEN'S DECATHLON NATL'S". pausatf.org. June 23, 2019. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- "Kent County Multi-Events Championships Complete Results" (PDF). kcaa.org.uk. September 12, 2015. Retrieved September 13, 2015.
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- Roger Ruth (January 29, 2007). "t-and-f: Women's Decathlon 2006". mail-archive.com. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
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- Roger Ruth (January 29, 2007). "t-and-f: Women's Decathlon 2006". mail-archive.com. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- Roger Ruth (January 29, 2007). "t-and-f: Women's Decathlon 2006". mail-archive.com. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- "JORDAN GRAY SETS AMERICAN RECORD WINNING INITIAL WOMEN'S DECATHLON NATL'S". pausatf.org. June 23, 2019. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- Roger Ruth (January 29, 2007). "t-and-f: Women's Decathlon 2006". mail-archive.com. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- "JORDAN GRAY SETS AMERICAN RECORD WINNING INITIAL WOMEN'S DECATHLON NATL'S". pausatf.org. June 23, 2019. Archived from the original on October 29, 2020. Retrieved September 9, 2020.
- Buzz Bissinger (June 1, 2015). "Introducing Caitlyn Jenner". Vanity Fair. Retrieved June 1, 2015.
- "100m Results" (PDF). IAAF. July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
- "400m Results" (PDF). IAAF. July 10, 2018. Retrieved July 27, 2018.
- "Decathlon Results" (PDF). IAAF. July 20, 2016. Retrieved July 20, 2016.
- "Decathlon Results" (PDF). EA. July 23, 2017. Retrieved July 23, 2017.
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Decathlon. |
- IAAF decathlon homepage
- IAAF list of decathlon records in XML
- Team Decathlon website
- Decathlon splits of Olympic, World and European medalists
- A downloadable Excel spreadsheet of multi-event scoring and age grading is available from the creator, Stefan Waltermann
