Irving, Texas

Irving is a principal city in the U.S. state of Texas. Located in Dallas County, it is also an inner ring suburb of Dallas. According to a 2019 estimate from the United States Census Bureau, the city population was 239,798[11] making it the thirteenth-most populous city in Texas, and 93rd most populous city in the U.S. The city of Irving is part of the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex. Irving is noted for its racial and ethnic diversity, and has been ranked as one of the most diverse cities in the United States.[12][13]

Irving, Texas
City
Clockwise from top left: Urban Towers at Las Colinas, the former Texas Stadium, Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas, Downtown Las Colinas Skyline, The Mustangs at Las Colinas
Flag
Motto(s): 
"Delivering Exceptional Services"[1]
Location within Dallas County
Irving
Location within Texas
Irving
Location within the United States
Coordinates: 32°49′N 96°57′W
CountryUnited States
StateTexas
CountyDallasc
Incorporated (city)April 14, 1914[2]
Government
 • TypeCouncil-Manager
 • City CouncilMayor Rick Stopfer (R)[3]
John C. Danish
Allan E. Meagher
Dennis Webb
Phil Riddle
Oscar Ward
Brad LaMorgese
Kyle Taylor
Wm. David Palmer[4]
 • City ManagerChris Hilman [5]
Area
 • City67.97 sq mi (176.04 km2)
 • Land66.98 sq mi (173.48 km2)
 • Water0.99 sq mi (2.57 km2)
Elevation
482 ft (147 m)
Population
 • City216,290
 • Estimate 
(2019)[8]
239,798
 • Rank(US: 94th)
 • Density3,580.20/sq mi (1,382.32/km2)
 • Urban
5,121,892 (6th)
 • Metro
6,810,913 (4th)
 • CSA
7,206,144 (7th)
Time zoneUTC−06:00 (CST)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−05:00 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
75000–75099
Area code(s)214, 469, 972, 682, 817
FIPS code48-37000[9]
GNIS feature ID1338507[10]
Websitecityofirving.org

Irving includes the Las Colinas community, one of the first master-planned developments in the United States and once the largest mixed-use development in the Southwest with a land area of more than 12,000 acres (4,856 ha). Las Colinas is home to the Mustangs at Las Colinas, which is the largest equine sculpture in the world, as well as many Fortune 500 companies, such as ExxonMobil, Kimberly-Clark and Fluor Corporation. In April 2019, the Westin Irving Convention Center Hotel opened, signalling the completion of the city's special entertainment district that includes the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas and the Toyota Music Factory.[14]

The National Football League's Dallas Cowboys played in Irving at Texas Stadium from 1971 to 2008,[15] and the team maintained its headquarters in Irving's Valley Ranch neighborhood from 1985 to 2016.[16][17]

Part of Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport lies inside the city limits of Irving.

History
See also: Timeline of Irving, Texas

Irving was founded in 1903 by J.O. "Otto" Schulze and Otis Brown. It is believed literary author Washington Irving was a favorite of Netta Barcus Brown, and consequently the name of the town site, Irving, was chosen. Irving began in 1889 as an area called Gorbit, and in 1894 the name changed to Kit.[18] Irving was incorporated April 14, 1914, with Otis Brown as the first mayor.

By the late nineteenth century the Irving area was the site of churches, two cotton gins, a blacksmith shop and a general store. The Irving district public school system dates to the 1909 establishment of Kit and Lively schools. Population growth was slow and sometimes halting, with only 357 residents in 1925, but a significant increase began in the 1930s.

By the early 1960s the city had a population of approximately 45,000. A number of manufacturing plants operated in Irving, along with transportation, retail and financial businesses. The University of Dallas in Irving opened in 1956, and Texas Stadium was completed in 1971 as the home field of the Dallas Cowboys.

Delta Air Lines Flight 191 crashed in Irving on August 2, 1985.[19]

Irving's population reached 155,037 in 1990 and the United States Census Bureau estimated 236,607 residents in 2016, a 3.5 percent population increase over 2013 census estimates.[11]

In 2000, an Oshman's Sporting Goods store was robbed by the "Texas Seven".[20] In 2011, the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas opened. Four years later high-school student Ahmed Mohamed was the subject of a hoax bomb incident which ignited allegations of racial profiling and Islamophobia from many media and commentators.

In 2019, Irving completed its construction of an entertainment district in Las Colinas with the opening of the Westin Irving Convention Center Hotel.[14] The entertainment district also includes the Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas[21] and the Toyota Music Factory, an entertainment complex with numerous restaurants, an Alamo Drafthouse Cinema, the Texas Lottery Plaza open-air performance stage and the Pavilion at the Toyota Music Factory concert venue.[22]

On May 8, 2020, the city's local poultry plant run by Westfield, Wisconsin-based Brakebush Bros. Inc reported 40 cases of COVID-19 among its workers during the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic.[23]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 67.7 square miles (175 km2), of which 67.2 square miles (174 km2) of it is land and 0.4 square miles (1.0 km2) of it (0.65%) is water.

Climate

The warmest month on average is July, and the highest recorded temperature was 112 °F (44 °C) in 1980. The average coolest month is January, and the lowest recorded temperature was −8 °F (−22 °C) in 1899.[24] Irving is considered to be part of the humid subtropical region.

May is the average wettest month.

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
1920357—
1930731104.8%
19401,08949.0%
19502,621140.7%
196045,9851,654.5%
197097,260111.5%
1980109,94313.0%
1990155,03741.0%
2000191,61523.6%
2010216,29012.9%
2019 (est.)239,798[8]10.9%
U.S. Decennial Census[25]
2018 Estimate[26]

Irving has been noted for its racial and ethnic diversity.[12] A 2012 study by the real estate website Trulia found that Irving's 75038 zip code was the most diverse zip code in the United States,[12] while Irving was ranked as the ninth-most diverse city in the United States with over 200,000 residents according to a Diversity Index developed by Brown University's American Communities Project. The same survey said Irving was the eighth-most diverse city at a neighborhood level (again among cities with over 200,000 residents); Irving was the highest-ranked city in Texas at the city level and behind only Garland, TX at the neighborhood level.[13]

2000 Census

As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 191,615 people, 76,241 households, and 46,202 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,850.2 people per square mile (1,100.4/km2). There were 80,293 housing units at an average density of 1,194.3 per square mile (461.1/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 64.2% White, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31.2% of the population, 10.2% African American, 0.7% Native American, 8.24% Asian, 0.13% Pacific Islander, 13.4% from other races, and 3.20% from two or more races. Non-Hispanic whites were 48.2% of the population,[27] down from 88.9% in 1980.[28]

There were 76,241 households, out of which 31.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 11.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39.4% were non-families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 3.19.

In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.2% under the age of 18, 11.9% from 18 to 24, 39.4% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 6.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 30 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.9 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $44,956, and the median income for a family was $50,172. Males had a median income of $35,852 versus $30,420 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,419. About 8.0% of families and 10.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.2% of those under age 18 and 6.3% of those age 65 or over.

2010 Census

As of the census[9] of 2010,[29] there were 216,290 people, 82,538 households, and 51,594 families residing in the city. The population density was 3,218.6 people per square mile (1,242.1/km2). There were 91,128 housing units at an average density of 1,356 per square mile (523.3/km2).[30] The racial makeup of the city was 53.1% White (30.8% Non-Hispanic white), 12.3% African American, 0.9% Native American, 14.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 16.2% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races.[30] Hispanic or Latino of any race were 41.1% of the population.[27]

There were 82,538 households, out of which 33.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were married couples living together, 13.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.5% were non-families.[30] 30.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.31.[30]

In the city, 29% of the population was under the age of 19, 8% was between ages 20 to 24, 35.8% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.9% were 65 years of age or older.[30] The median age was 31.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 99.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.6 males.

The 2012[31] median income for a household in the city was $49,303, and the median income for a family was $54,755. Males had an estimated median income of $40,986 versus $36,518 for females.[32] The per capita income for the city was $26,970.[31] About 13.2% of families and 16.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24.5% of those under age 18 and 9.4% of those age 65 or over.[31]

Foreign-born population

As of 2007, about 33% of Irving's population was not born in the United States.[33]

Major ethnic groups

In 2010, 41% of the city's population was of Hispanic or Latino origin. The largest group is those of Mexican origin, while those of Salvadoran heritage form the second largest group; in 2009 they formed 11.8% of those born outside of the United States. The Hispanic and Latino residents have moved into eastern Irving, which contains older neighborhoods than other areas of Irving.[34]

The largest Asian ethnic group in Irving is the Asian Indians.[34] As of 2009 the Indians have mainly settled in proximity to high technology companies,[35] into an area in western Irving along Texas State Highway 114,[36] To absorb the Indian population, dense condominium and rental properties have opened in western Irving.[35]

Economy
Envoy Air headquarters

According to the city's 2017–18 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[37] the city's top employers are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Citigroup, Inc. 7,500
2 Verizon Communications 3,260
3 Irving Mall 2,100
4 DFW International Airport 1,700
5 Allstate Insurance 1,650
6 Pioneer Natural Resources 1,400
7 Microsoft 1,351
8 Neiman Marcus Direct 1,339
9 Health Management Systems (HMS) 1,299
10 7-Eleven 800

Several large businesses have headquarters in Irving, including Aeroxchange, Caliber Home Loans, Nautilus Hyosung America, Inc., Chuck E. Cheese's,[38] Cicis,[39] Commercial Metals,[40] Envoy Air (formerly American Eagle),[41] ExxonMobil,[42] Gruma,[43] H.D. Vest,[44] Kimberly-Clark,[45] La Quinta Inns and Suites,[46] Michaels Stores,[47] 7-Eleven,[48] Southern Star Concrete, Inc.,[49] Stellar,[50] a global contact center provider, Zale Corporation,[51] Fluor Corporation,[52] Flowserve, NCH Corporation,[53] ITW Polymers Sealants North America,[54] Celanese Corporation, a leading producer of specialty chemicals,[55] Vistra Energy and its subsidiary TXU Energy,[56] and LXI Enterprise Storage.[57]

The city is also home to the national headquarters of the Boy Scouts of America.[58]

Subsidiaries of foreign companies

The headquarters of Nokia America[59] and NEC Corporation of America[60] are in Irving. The American headquarters of BlackBerry was in Irving.[61]

Perhaps as a result of the Nokia-Irving connection, Irving is twinned with Nokia's headquarters city, Espoo in Finland.

Irving is also the Headquarters of OSG USA INC., which is the North American Subsidiary of OSG Corporation in Japan. OSG is a leading provider of high end cutting tools used in industries such as automotive and aerospace.

Sports

Irving was the home of Texas Stadium, the former home stadium of the Dallas Cowboys. The stadium was demolished on April 11, 2010. The city was also formerly the site of the Cowboys training facility for over 30 years. Irving Independent School District (IISD) high schools play football and other sports at the Joy and Ralph Ellis Stadium (formerly Irving Schools Stadium). The stadium is located between Lee Britain Elementary School and Bowie Middle School at 600 E 6th St.

Irving serves as the headquarters city for two college athletics conferences: the Big 12 Conference[62] and Conference USA.[63]

Government and infrastructure

Local government
Irving City Hall

Prior to the November 2008 elections, Irving banned the sale of alcoholic beverages in stores, making it the largest in population dry suburb in North Texas. In 2004 the pro-alcohol measure failed with 63% of voters opposing the measure. In 2006, 52% voted against the measure. On the third attempt, with heavy monetary backing by retailers, voters narrowly voted in favor of the measure in 2008.[64] People in favor of changing Irving's liquor laws saw the interest in the 2008 United States Presidential Election as a catalyst for changing the laws in their favor.[65]

In 2009 Irving had a city council that was entirely at-large. While Irving has a large population of racial minorities, the entire city council and the mayor's office, was entirely non-Hispanic White. Manny Benavidez, a resident of Irving, filed a lawsuit against the city in federal court in November 2007, saying that the voting system was not in compliance with the 1965 Voting Rights Act. On July 15, 2009, a federal judge ruled that Irving is required to create a new electoral system so that racial minority representatives may be voted into office.[66] In 2010 elections, which included one at-large seat and two district-seats, three new council members were elected, replacing two incumbents and adding a newly created seat. Among the three new council members were two minority council members.[67][68]

List of mayors of Irving, Texas
  • Otis Brown, 1914–1917[69]
  • C. G. Miller, 1917–1919, 1925–1927[70]
  • P. H. Lively, 1919–1921[70]
  • W. F. Miller, 1921–1923[70]
  • M. R. Price, 1923–1925[70]
  • John Haley, 1927–1933[70]
  • F. M. Gilbert, 1933–1937[70]
  • C. P. Caldwell, 1937–1943[70]
  • E. J. Johnson, 1943–1947[70]
  • Hans Smith, 1947–1951[70]
  • C. B. Hardee, 1951–1957[70]
  • Paul C. Laird, 1957–1959[70]
  • Lynn Brown, 1959–1967[70]
  • Robert Power, 1967–1971[71]
  • Dan Matkin, 1971–1977[70]
  • Marvin Randle, 1977–1981[70]
  • Bobby Joe Raper, 1981–1987, 1993–1995[70]
  • Bob Pierce, 1987–1991[70]
  • Roy Brown, 1991–1993[70]
  • Morris Parrish, 1995–1999[72]
  • Joe Putnam, 1999–2005[73]
  • Herbert Gears, 2005–2011[73]
  • Beth Van Duyne, 2011–2017[74]
  • Rick Stopfer, 2017–present[75]

The city of Irving is a voluntary member of the North Central Texas Council of Governments association, the purpose of which is to coordinate individual and collective local governments and facilitate regional solutions, eliminate unnecessary duplication, and enable joint decisions.

County government

The Parkland Health & Hospital System (Dallas County Hospital District) operates the Irving Health Center.[76]

Federal representation

The United States Postal Service operates post offices in Irving. The Irving Main Post Office is at 2701 West Irving Boulevard.[77] Other post offices in the city include Central Irving, Las Colinas, and Valley Ranch.[78]

Politics
Irving city vote
by party in Presidential elections [79]
Year Democratic Republican Third Parties
2020 61.68% 43,695 36.90% 26,139 1.42% 1,003

Education

Public schools

The Irving Independent School District (IISD) serves most of Irving. Other areas are served by the Carrollton-Farmers Branch Independent School District (CFBISD), and Coppell Independent School District (CISD).[80]

The major high schools that serve Irving are:

In 2014, 3,821 of CFBISD's 26,239 students resided in Irving.[81]

In 2019 the Dallas Independent School District (DISD) opened North Lake Early College High School,[82] which has a campus for students in grades 9-10 at North Lake South. The school is not within DISD's boundaries but DISD is allowed to operate it as such under Texas law.[83]

Uplift Education, a charter school operator, has its administrative offices in Irving.[84] Uplift has two charter school campuses in Irving: Infinity Preparatory[85] (K-12) and North Hills Preparatory (K-12).[86]

Winfree Academy Charter School[87] and Manara Academy Elementary[88] are in Irving.

Private schools

Irving is home to Cistercian Preparatory School,[89] a university-preparatory school for boys, grades 5 through 12. Irving is also home to The Highlands School, a university-preparatory school for pre-kindergarten through 12th grade.[90]

Two Catholic pre-k through 8th grade schools, St. Luke[91] and Holy Family of Nazareth School,[92] are in Irving. Irving also is home to the Islamic School of Irving[93] (pre-k to 12). The Sloan School[94] (pre-k to 5) and StoneGate Christian Academy[95] (K4 to 12) are Christian private schools in Irving.

Colleges and universities

The city is the site of the University of Dallas[96] and North Lake College,[97] a campus of the Dallas County Community College District. In addition, DeVry University[98] has a campus in Irving.

Transportation
Downtown Irving/Heritage Crossing station in Irving

Several highways transverse Irving. The Airport Freeway, SH 183, runs east-west in the city center, while LBJ Freeway or I-635 crosses the city's northern edge in the same direction. John Carpenter Freeway, SH 114, and the President George Bush Turnpike create an X running northwest-to-southeast and southwest-to-northeast respectively. The Las Colinas area is centered near the intersection of 114 and the Bush turnpike.

Irving is one of 13 member-cities of the Dallas region's transit agency, Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART). Currently, Irving is served by numerous bus routes and has two stops along the Trinity Railway Express commuter rail route.[99] In addition, DART's Orange Line through runs through Irving and Las Colinas to DFW Airport.[100] This connects northern Irving with Dallas through rail in addition to bus routes.

In 2015, 4.5 percent of Irving households lacked a car, which increased to 4.9 percent in 2016. The national average was 8.7 percent in 2016. Irving averaged 1.75 cars per household in 2016, compared to a national average of 1.8 per household.[101]

The Las Colinas Urban Center is served by the Las Colinas APT System,[102] a people-mover that connects businesses and entertainment areas.

Cultural attractions
Ruth Paine Home

The Irving Arts Center, owned by the city, is a home for the arts, housing 10 resident arts organizations. Resident Organizations provide cultural programs for the community, and opportunities to participate in the creative process. Community members can play a role in front of the curtain as musicians, actors, and artists, or behind the scenes as planners, technicians, directors and more. The Irving Arts Center is a Smithsonian Affiliate.[103]

The city owns and operates three historical museums: The Jackie Townsell Bear Creek Heritage Center, The Ruth Paine House Museum, and The Mustangs of Las Colinas Museum.[104] A fourth historical museum, the Irving Archives and Museum, is planned to open in late 2019.[105]

Notable people
Taylor Mays
Odyssey Sims

Sister cities

Irving has a sister city relationship with five cities:[123]

See also

References
  1. "City of Irving Texas". City of Irving Texas. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
  2. "Education and Tax Information". cityofirving.org. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  3. (PDF) https://dallasdemocrats.org/site_files/2017%20and%202018%20Elections%20-%202017%20Elections%20(1).pdf. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  4. "Meet Your Mayor and Council Members". cityofirving.org. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  5. "Meet the City Manager". cityofirving.org. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  6. "2019 U.S. Gazetteer Files". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  7. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved September 10, 2014.
  8. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved May 21, 2020.
  9. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  10. "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. 2007-10-25. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  11. "Irving (city) QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau". census.gov.
  12. "Irving Is Known For Diversity". CBS 21 DFW. 11 October 2016.
  13. "The Most Diverse Cities Are Often The Most Segregated". FiveThirtyEight. 1 May 2015.
  14. "Westin Irving Convention Center Hotel Opens". City of Irving, Texas. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  15. "Texas Stadium History". ProFootballReference. 2020.
  16. "Valley Ranch Through the Years". Dallas Cowboys.
  17. "Dallas Cowboys Leave Valley Ranch Offices, and Nearby Businesses See Big Hit In Their Bottom Line". NBC 5 DFW. 22 July 2016.
  18. "Between the Forks". City of Irving – Irving Archives.
  19. "After 25 years, D/FW Airport unveils memorial to Delta Flight 191". Fort Worth Star Telegram.
  20. "Timeline of Texas Prison Escape". 2012-04-02. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 2019-02-21.
  21. Irving Convention Center at Las Colinas https://www.irvingconventioncenter.com. Retrieved 7 May 2019. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. Toyota Music Factory https://toyotamusicfactory.com/. Retrieved 7 May 2019. Missing or empty |title= (help)
  23. "40 workers at Irving poultry plant test positive for COVID-19". The Dallas Morning News. May 8, 2020.
  24. "Dallas/Fort Worth – All-Time Maximum and Minimum Temperatures". Retrieved 2015-09-17.
  25. United States Census Bureau. "Census of Population and Housing". Retrieved April 27, 2015.
  26. "Population Estimates". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved June 8, 2018.
  27. "Irving (city), Texas". State & County QuickFacts. U.S. Census Bureau.
  28. "Race and Hispanic Origin for Selected Cities and Other Places: Earliest Census to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-08-12.
  29. Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "U.S. Census website". census.gov.
  30. Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-02-12.
  31. Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-02-12.
  32. Data Access and Dissemination Systems (DADS). "American FactFinder – Results". census.gov. Archived from the original on 2020-02-12.
  33. "Hispanics in Irving feeling disheartened – Dallas Morning News – News for Dallas, Texas – News: Local News". archive.org. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007.
  34. Brettell, Caroline B. '"Big D" Incorporating New Immigrants in a Sunbelt Suburban Metropolis' (Chapter 3). In: Singer, Audrey, Susan Wiley Hardwick, and Caroline Brettell. Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America (James A. Johnson metro series). Brookings Institution Press, 2009. ISBN 0815779283, 9780815779285. Start p. 53. CITED: p.60.
  35. Brettell, Caroline B. '"Big D" Incorporating New Immigrants in a Sunbelt Suburban Metropolis' (Chapter 3). In: Singer, Audrey, Susan Wiley Hardwick, and Caroline Brettell. Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America (James A. Johnson metro series). Brookings Institution Press, 2009. ISBN 0815779283, 9780815779285. Start p. 53. CITED: p.-61
  36. Brettell, Caroline B. '"Big D" Incorporating New Immigrants in a Sunbelt Suburban Metropolis' (Chapter 3). In: Singer, Audrey, Susan Wiley Hardwick, and Caroline Brettell. Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America (James A. Johnson metro series). Brookings Institution Press, 2009. ISBN 0815779283, 9780815779285. Start p. 53. CITED: p. 60-61.
  37. "City of Irving Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2018" (PDF).
  38. "Investor Information" (PHP). Chuck E. Cheese's official site. CEC Entertainment, Inc. Retrieved 2009-03-03.
  39. Pizza, CiCis. "Revitalized Cicis Steps up New Restaurant Openings". www.cicis.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  40. "CMC Corporate Headquarters Information". Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  41. Writer, Deborah Fleck/Staff (April 2014). "Irving lands headquarters for American Eagle, which will be called Envoy". The Dallas Morning News. Archived from the original on 2014-10-25. Retrieved 2017-01-07.
  42. "Contact our business headquarters – ExxonMobil". ExxonMobil.
  43. "Contact an office". Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  44. "HD Vest Financial Services". Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  45. "Kimberly-Clark Corporation Company Information". Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  46. "http://www.lq.com/lq/about/mediakit/factsheet/index.jsp Archived 2012-08-17 at the Wayback Machine
  47. "City of Irving Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year Ending September 30, 2008" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on July 12, 2012. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
  48. "3200 Hackberry — 7-Eleven Headquarters : Billingsley Company". billingsleyco.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  49. "Plant Listing". southernstarconcrete.com. Archived from the original on 8 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  50. "Stellar Global Inc.: Private Company Information". Bloomberg. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  51. "Zale Corporation: Contact Zale Corporation". zalecorp.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  52. "Fluor Office Locations". www.fluor.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  53. NCH Corporation Contact Us Archived 2015-02-06 at the Wayback Machine
  54. "Contact Us". itwsealants.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  55. "Celanese – The chemistry inside innovation™". celanese.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  56. Vistra Energy website: Corporate Headquarters
  57. "LXI :: Contact Us". lxicorp.com. Archived from the original on 2014-07-03.
  58. "Website Terms and Conditions of Use". scouting.org.
  59. "U.S". Nokia Solutions and Networks. Archived from the original on 13 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  60. "USA". nec.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  61. "Contact Information". blackberry.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  62. "Big 12 Conference Staff Directory". Big12Sports.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  63. "Conference USA Official Athletic Site – Athletics". conferenceusa.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  64. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on May 23, 2009. Retrieved November 29, 2008.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  65. Kesmodel, David (3 November 2008). "Irving, Texas, Alcohol Ban Faces Nov. 4 Challenge". The Wall Street Journal.
  66. "White Man's Burden – The Texas Observer". The Texas Observer. 2009-08-19.
  67. "Still Segregating Voters". The Wall Street Journal. 14 May 2010.
  68. "Live blog: Voters oust Spink, send Smith to runoff, reject 3 charter measures". Irving Blog. 2016-03-04. Archived from the original on 2011-01-24. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
  69. Jan Hart. "Historical Sketch of Irving". City of Irving. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  70. Lawrence Kestenbaum (ed.). "Mayors of Irving, Texas". Political Graveyard. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  71. "Former Irving Mayor Robert Power has died", Dallas Morning News, February 2, 2016
  72. "Farewell reception honors Marge and Morris Parrish, former Irving mayor", Irving Rambler, Feb 27, 2005
  73. "Irving's four mayoral candidates focus their campaigns on one enemy", Dallas Morning News, April 30, 2011
  74. "Meet Your Mayor and Council Members". City of Irving. Retrieved April 12, 2017.
  75. "Meet Your Mayor and Council Members". Irving CVB. Retrieved May 23, 2017.
  76. "System Error". parklandhospital.com. Archived from the original on May 16, 2008.
  77. "Whitepages – Find People, Businesses & More". whitepages.com. Archived from the original on 2012-07-16.
  78. "Find Locations". Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  79. "Dallas County Election Results".
  80. Archived May 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  81. "About Us". Archived from the original on 5 February 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  82. "About North Lake ECHS". North Lake Early College High School. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  83. Ayala, Eva-Marie (2018-06-07). "Dallas ISD seeks to partner with businesses to revamp shop, tech classes and get more students into good jobs". The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 2019-10-22.
  84. "Uplift Education – Charter Schools – Dallas / Overview". uplifteducation.org. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  85. "Uplift Campuses / Uplift Infinity Prep". uplifteducation.org. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  86. "Uplift North Hills Prep – Uplift Education – Irving / Overview". uplifteducation.org. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  87. "Irving Campus News". Winfree Academy Charter Schools. Archived from the original on 22 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  88. "Irving Elementary School". Manara Academy. Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  89. "Cistercian Preparatory School". www.cistercian.org. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  90. "The Highlands School – PK – 12 Catholic College Preparatory School – Irving, TX, 75062". thehighlandsschool.org. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  91. "St Luke Catholic School – Irving, Dallas, TX". stlukeschool.us. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  92. "Holy Family Catholic Academy". Archived from the original on 2015-02-05. Retrieved 2015-02-05.
  93. "Home – Islamic School of Irving". www.islamicschoolofirving.org. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  94. "Welcome to The Sloan School". thesloanschool.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  95. "StoneGate Christian". Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  96. "University of Dallas". udallas.edu. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  97. "Home – North Lake College". northlakecollege.edu. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  98. "DeVry University Irving (Dallas) Campus". www.devry.edu. 4 August 2015. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  99. "TRINITY RAILWAY EXPRESS (TRE)".
  100. "DART RAIL ORANGE LINE".
  101. "Car Ownership in U.S. Cities Data and Map". Governing. Retrieved May 4, 2018.
  102. "Las Colinas Area Personal Transit System (APT) link at the Las Colinas Urban Center Station". Retrieved 5 February 2015.
  103. "About the Irving Arts Center". Irving Arts Center. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  104. "City of Irving Arts and Culture Department". City of Irving, Texas.
  105. "City Moves Forward With Irving Archives and Museum Construction". City of Irving, Texas. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  106. "Welcome – J.R.'s Family Bar-B-Q". jrsbarbq.com. Archived from the original on 2019-05-04. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
  107. "Star Telegram: Search Form". newsbank.com. 21 August 1995.
  108. Archived October 21, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  109. ZZ Top has deep Dallas roots, Dallas Morning News, July 28, 2008
  110. "Jim Beaver Biography (1950–)". filmreference.com.
  111. "Brian Bosworth". biographyinfo.org. Archived from the original on 2009-03-10.
  112. "Official Site of the Houston Texans". houstontexans.com. Archived from the original on 2008-12-20. Retrieved 2009-02-13.
  113. "David Garza Interview – El Paso Music Scene". www.elpasomusicscene.com. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  114. Paul Hill (flight director)
  115. Archived July 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  116. "Search". Mahalo.com. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
  117. Hill, Gladwin (24 November 1963). "Evidence Against Oswald Described as Conclusive - Dallas Police Describe the Evidence Against Oswald as Enough to 'Clinch' the Case OFFICIAL EXPECTS NEW INFORMATION But Prosecutor Is Confident of Data for a Conviction-- Suspect Still Questioned Reports Photographs Had Rifle in Garage Wants to Talk Questioning Resumed - Front Page - NYTimes.com". nytimes.com.
  118. "About Matt Rinaldi". mattrinaldi.com. Archived from the original on December 10, 2014. Retrieved December 10, 2014.
  119. "Gwyn Shea". cemetery.state.tx.us. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved October 12, 2009.
  120. "1999". USA Today.
  121. "USA Track and Field – Features, Events, Results – Team USA". Team USA.
  122. "Kerry Wood Baseball Stats by Baseball Almanac". baseball-almanac.com.
  123. "Interactive City Directory". Sister Cities International. Archived from the original on 12 March 2014. Retrieved 12 March 2014.

Bibliography
See also: Bibliography of the history of Irving, Texas
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.