Jacobabad
Jacobabad (Sindhi and Urdu: جيڪب آباد; formerly Khanger or Khangarh) is a city in Sindh, Pakistan, serving as both the capital city of Jacobabad District and the administrative center of Jacobabad Taluka, an administrative subdivision of the district. It is the 43rd most populous city in Pakistan. The city itself is subdivided into eight Union Councils. Sitting very far away to the provincial boundaries of Sindh and Balochistan, Jacobabad became a city on the site of an existing village (Khangarh), and is crossed by the Pakistan Railway and many main roads of the province.
Jacobabad
جيڪب آباد | |
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  Jacobabad Location within Pakistan  Jacobabad Jacobabad (Pakistan) | |
| Coordinates: 28°16′37″N 68°27′05″E | |
| Country |  Pakistan |
| Province |  Sindh |
| Division | Larkana |
| District | Jacobabad |
| Founded | 1847 |
| Population | |
| • City | 191,076 |
| • Rank | 43rd in Pakistan |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
History
During British rule, as part of British Raj, the town of Khanger which was renamed to Jacobabad in honor of British Administrator John Jacob, was the administrative headquarters of the Upper Sind Frontier District of the Bombay Presidency; with a station on the Quetta branch of the North-Western Railway. After the British Raj the city was reigned with a Sardar, Taj Dero Khan Odho. The city also became well known for consistently having the highest temperature in South Asia, and has a mean summer average of 98 °F (37 °C).[2]
In November 2010, then Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani announced that University of Information Technology would be established in Jacobabad.[3]
Climate
Jacobabad has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) with extremely hot summers and mild winters. The highest recorded temperature is 52.8 °C (127.0 °F), and the lowest recorded temperature is −3.9 °C (25.0 °F). Rainfall is low, and mainly occurs in the monsoon season (July–September). The average annual rainfall of Jacobabad is 122.5 mm as per 1991-2020 period. The highest annual rainfall ever is 504.9 mm, recorded in 2012 and the lowest annual rainfall ever is 3.3 mm, recorded in 1922.
| Climate data for Jacobabad | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.6 (87.1) |
34.0 (93.2) |
42.1 (107.8) |
45.6 (114.1) |
52.8 (127.0) |
51.1 (124.0) |
47.8 (118.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
42.8 (109.0) |
41.7 (107.1) |
38.0 (100.4) |
30.6 (87.1) |
52.8 (127.0) |
| Average high °C (°F) | 22.6 (72.7) |
25.2 (77.4) |
31.4 (88.5) |
38.0 (100.4) |
43.1 (109.6) |
44.3 (111.7) |
40.6 (105.1) |
38.2 (100.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
35.3 (95.5) |
30.1 (86.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
34.2 (93.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
30.2 (86.4) |
34.9 (94.8) |
36.9 (98.4) |
34.9 (94.8) |
33.2 (91.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
27.8 (82.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
16.4 (61.5) |
27.1 (80.7) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
26.7 (80.1) |
29.4 (84.9) |
29.2 (84.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
25.9 (78.6) |
20.3 (68.5) |
14.1 (57.4) |
8.7 (47.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) |
1.0 (33.8) |
6.0 (42.8) |
13.5 (56.3) |
18.9 (66.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
22.8 (73.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
12.0 (53.6) |
3.9 (39.0) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.1 (0.12) |
7.1 (0.28) |
10.3 (0.41) |
2.0 (0.08) |
1.7 (0.07) |
4.7 (0.19) |
36.8 (1.45) |
26.3 (1.04) |
11.2 (0.44) |
2.3 (0.09) |
1.2 (0.05) |
3.7 (0.15) |
110.4 (4.37) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 241.9 | 214.7 | 247.5 | 249.4 | 266.4 | 272.7 | 236.0 | 259.8 | 278.1 | 288.8 | 267.6 | 243.7 | 3,066.6 |
| Source: NOAA (1961–1990) [4] | |||||||||||||
Airport and airbase
The commercial airport at Jacobabad, about 300 miles (480 km) north of Karachi and 300 miles (480 km) southeast of Kandahar, is located on the border between Sindh and Balochistan provinces. The Shahbaz Air Base (co-located with the commercial airport in Jacobabad) was one of three Pakistani air bases used by U.S. and allied forces to support the Operation Enduring Freedom campaign in Afghanistan and reportedly ongoing drone strikes in North Western Pakistan tribal regions.[5]
References
- "PAKISTAN: Provinces and Major Cities". PAKISTAN: Provinces and Major Cities. citypopulation.de. Retrieved 4 May 2020.
- Medical and Physical Society of Bombay (1857). Transactions. Retrieved 17 March 2011.
- "Jacobabad to have IT university: PM". thenews.com.pk. Retrieved 27 January 2012.
- "Jacobabad Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- "CIA drones quit one Pakistan site – but US keeps access to other airbases". The Bureau of Investigative Journalism. Retrieved 24 March 2013.
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