January 1962

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January 8, 1962: First U.S. Navy SEAL teams created
January 15, 1962: Derveni papyrus located after 23 centuries

The following events occurred in January 1962:

January 13, 1962: Comedian Ernie Kovacs killed in car crash

January 1, 1962 (Monday)
Samoan flag

January 2, 1962 (Tuesday)

January 3, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • A spokesman for Pope John XXIII revealed that Cuban leader Fidel Castro and several other officials had received a decree of excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church in 1961 under two sections of canon law, for impeding bishops in their work and for violence against clergymen. In September, Cuban bishop Eduardo Boza Masvidal and 135 priests had been forced to leave Cuba.[12]
  • The Winemakers' Union of Graves de Vayres was founded.
  • Born: Gavin Hastings, Scottish rugby union player, in Edinburgh

January 4, 1962 (Thursday)
  • Broadway producer David Merrick submitted a full-page advertisement to seven New York City newspapers, with the tagline "7 OUT OF 7 ARE ECSTATICALLY UNANIMOUS ABOUT SUBWAYS ARE FOR SLEEPING", his musical comedy that had opened on December 27 to poor reviews. The ad contained favorable quotes, citing the names of seven well-known theater critics. Merrick had found seven other men with the same names. Next to a photo of the other Howard Taubman was the line ("One of the few great musical comedies of the last thirty years..."). The New York Herald-Tribune ran the ad in its first edition before an editor spotted the hoax and alerted the other newspapers.[13]
  • The Transit Authority of New York City introduced a subway train that operated without a crew on board. The "zombie" train kept a motorman on board to deal with any problems.[14]
  • Born: André Rouvoet, Dutch politician, Deputy Prime Minister of the Netherlands 2007-10; in Hilversum
  • Died: Hans Lammers, 82, Nazi leader and Chief of the Reich Chancellery, 1933–1945

January 5, 1962 (Friday)
  • The first recording on which The Beatles play, the 45 rpm record My Bonnie, credited to "Tony Sheridan and the Beat Brothers" (recorded last June in Hamburg), is released by Polydor in the United Kingdom; "The Saints" is on the B-side.[15][16]
  • Prison inmate Clarence Gideon sent a letter, written in pencil, to the United States Supreme Court, asking them to reverse his conviction for burglary on the grounds that he had not been given the right to an attorney. The Supreme Court granted certiorari and, on March 18, 1963, issued the landmark decision of Gideon v. Wainwright, holding that the Sixth Amendment guarantee, of the right to assistance of counsel, required the appointment of a lawyer for any person unable to afford one.[17]
  • Three crew members were killed in the crash of USAF B-47E-105-BW Stratojet, 52-615, piloted by Major Clarence Weldon Garrett, at March AFB, California. This would be the last fatal crash at that base until 19 October 1978.[18]
  • Born: Massouda Jalal, Afghan politician and women's rights activist in Afghanistan; in Gulbahar

January 6, 1962 (Saturday)

January 7, 1962 (Sunday)
  • The UK was blanketed with snow in an unusual winter storm. Overnight temperatures of −18 °C (0 °F) were recorded during the morning at Benson, Oxfordshire and Woodford, Greater Manchester in Britain.[20]
  • A bomb exploded at the Paris apartment building where controversial existentialist author Jean-Paul Sartre lived. Sartre was not home at the time, and his mother was not injured, but the fire destroyed most of his unpublished manuscripts.[21]
  • Soviet theoretical physicist Lev Landau, who would win the Nobel Prize later in the year, was seriously injured in an auto accident, leaving him in a coma for two months. Landau survived, but was never able to return to work, and died on April 3, 1968.[22]
  • An assassination attempt against Indonesia's President Sukarno failed, but the hand grenades thrown at his automobile killed three bystanders and injured 28 others in Ujung Pandang (at that time, Makassar).[23]
  • Born: Aleksandr Dugin, Russian ideologist and advocate of reclaiming the former Russian Empire, and author of The Fundamentals of Geopolitics; in Moscow

January 8, 1962 (Monday)
  • In the Harmelen train disaster, two trains collided, killing 91 people in the worst rail crash in Netherlands history. An express train running from Leeuwarden to Amsterdam and a slower moving commuter train from Rotterdam struck each other at the same switching point after 9:18 am in a heavy fog.[24]
  • The first two teams of the United States Navy SEALs, were commissioned as the United States Navy's Sea, Air and Land teams, with an order backdated to January 1, in order to carry out President Kennedy's recommendation for the development of "unconventional warfare capability". SEAL Team One, based in Coronado, California served the Pacific Fleet and SEAL Team Two served the Atlantic Fleet out of Little Creek, Virginia. Each team consisted of 50 men and ten officers.[25]
  • In a closed session at the Presidium, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev delivered what was later referred to as the "meniscus speech", using the analogy of a wineglass filled to the point that it could overflow at any time. In the speech, which was not revealed until 40 years later, Khrushchev told the ministers that the U.S.S.R. was weaker militarily than the United States, and that the only way to compete against American superiority was to maintain the threat that world tensions could spill over. "Because if we don't have a meniscus," Khrushchev said, "we let the enemy live peacefully."[26]
  • The Yugoslavian freighter Sabac was cut in two by the British steamer Dorington Court in a collision in the English Channel. Only eight of the 33 men on the Sabac survived.[27]
  • Born: Anatoliy Serdyukov, Russian Minister of Defense since 2007; in Krasnodar Krai
  • Died: Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg, 59, eldest son of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and Countess Sophie

January 9, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • Rashidi Kawawa was appointed as the last Prime Minister of Tanganyika, by President Julius Nyerere, who had formerly had both posts. The position of Prime Minister would be abolished on December 9, after which Tanganyika and Zanzibar had merged to form Tanzania. Kawawa would become the first Prime Minister of Tanzania when that post was created in 1972.[28]
  • Cuba and the Soviet Union signed a trade pact.

January 10, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • An avalanche on Mount Huascarán, the tallest peak in Peru killed 4,000 people. At 6:13 pm, melting ice triggered the slide of three million tons of ice, mud and rock down the side of Huascaran, quadrupled in size as it gathered mass, and, within eight minutes, buried the town of Ranrahirca (population 2,700) the village of Yanamachico, and three other villages totaling 800 residents. Ranrahirca, which had only 50 survivors, would be rebuilt, then destroyed again in an earthquake and an even larger avalanche on May 31, 1970.[29]
Speaker McCormack

January 11, 1962 (Thursday)
  • Soviet submarine B-37, nine days away from being dispatched to Cuba, was moored at Polyarny, conducting maintenance and pressurizing of outdated gas-steam torpedoes. At 8:20 am, a fire in the torpedo compartment detonated all twelve torpedoes and instantly destroying the submarine. Captain Anatoly Begeba, who had been outside, inspecting the top of the sub, survived. The 78 men inside the sub drowned as it sank to the bottom of the Barents Sea.[32]
  • Piloting the newest model of long-range bombers, the B-52H Stratofortress, crewmembers broke 11 non-stop distance and course-speed records, for its aircraft class and time, when they successfully completed a more-than-21-hour non-refueled flight—flying approximately 12,500 miles across the globe.[33]
  • Nelson Mandela secretly left South Africa for the first time, as he was driven across the border to Botswana. From there, he went to Ethiopia to speak at a conference in Addis Ababa. He would tour the continent for the next six months. Upon his return to South Africa on August 5, he would be arrested.[34]
  • Born: Kim Coles, American actress, in Brooklyn, New York

January 12, 1962 (Friday)
  • Operation Chopper, the first American combat mission in Vietnam, began as the American pilots transported hundreds of South Vietnamese troops to fight against a Viet Cong force near Saigon. Three days later, President Kennedy told reporters at a press conference that American troops were not being used in combat.[35]
  • A spokesman for the Army of Indonesia, Colonel Soenarjo, that soldiers had begun landing on West Irian, the semi-independent western side of New Guinea that remained under the administration of the Netherlands.[36]
  • Born: Richie Richardson, Antiguan cricketer and one time captain of the West Indies cricket team; in Five Islands Village

January 13, 1962 (Saturday)

January 14, 1962 (Sunday)
  • The NFL Pro Bowl, described by some as one that "may have been the best in history",[41] was won by the all-stars of the NFL Western Conference, 31-30, on the last play of the game, before a crowd of 57,409 in Los Angeles.[42]
  • A Netherlands warship sank an Indonesian torpedo boat after it approached the disputed territory of West Irian, a Netherlands colony claimed by Indonesia.[43]
  • Born: Jörgen Elofsson, Swedish songwriter, in Ängelholm

January 15, 1962 (Monday)
  • After the United Kingdom sought to join the European Economic Community, the Meteorological Office first began using Celsius temperature values in its public weather information, following the Fahrenheit values. In October, the Celsius values were listed first, and by January 1, 1973, when the government entered the EEC and completed its conversion to the metric system, Fahrenheit numbers were only used occasionally.[44]
  • Portugal abandoned the U.N. General Assembly due to the debate over its East African colony in Angola.[45]
  • The Derveni papyrus, written in about 340 BC, was discovered in a cist that had been buried at the site of the Greek city of Derveni, near Thessaloniki. The oldest surviving manuscript in Europe, the papyrus roll contained a commentary on philosophy and religion.[46]
  • A 13-year-old boy testified before a Chicago juvenile court judge and confessed to setting the Our Lady of the Angels School fire that had killed 92 children and 3 nuns on December 1, 1958 in Chicago. The boy said that he had asked to be excused from class, then tossed lit matches into a cardboard waste barrel filled with paper.[47] After an investigation, the court concluded that the evidence did not support the boy's confession, and no charges were ever filed.[48]
  • Died: Kenneth MacKenna, 62, American actor and film director

January 16, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • A military coup in the Dominican Republic, led by General Pedro Rodriguez Echavarria, forced President Joaquín Balaguer to resign and to go into exile. Earlier in the day in Santo Domingo, soldiers fired into a crowd of people protesting against the new regime, killing 8 people and wounding many more. Balaguer had been the leader of a council of state with seven civilians, and had pledged to hold elections on February 27, 1963. The junta consisted of two former state council members, two civilians from the old Trujillo government, and three military officers, but had no presiding leader. The other council members were placed under house arrest.[49]
  • Sutan Sjahrir, who had been the first Prime Minister of Indonesia (1945–47), was arrested on orders of the President he had served, Sukarno. He would remain incarcerated for three years, until Sukarno sent him into exile for reasons of health, and would die in 1966.[50]
  • A Strategic Air Command B-47E Stratojet of the 380th Bomb Wing, Plattsburgh AFB, New York, on low-altitude bombing run training mission, was reported overdue at 0700 hrs. After a four-day search, wreckage was spotted in the Adirondack High Peaks. The bomber had clipped the top of Wright Peak (16th tallest mountain in the Adirondacks, at 4580 feet) after veering 30 miles off course in inclement weather, high winds. The remains of Aircraft Commander 1st Lt. Rodney D. Bloomgren, of Jamestown, New York, copilot 1st Lt. Melvin Spencer, and navigator 1st Lt. Albert W. Kandetski were found after a search, but those of Airman First Class Kenneth R. Jensen KWF were never recovered. A memorial plaque was later erected on a rock near the summit by the 380th Bomb Wing.[51][52]
  • The Jackson State Times, an afternoon daily newspaper in Jackson, Mississippi, published its last issue, leaving the city with the two dailies owned by Mississippi Publishers, the Daily News and The Clarion-Ledger.[53]
  • Died: Ivan Meštrović, 78, Croatian sculptor

January 17, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • United States government workers were given the right of collective bargaining by President Kennedy, in Executive Order 10988.[54]
  • Ten former game show contestants, all of whom had testified under oath that they had not been given answers in advance of their appearances, pleaded guilty to perjury. The most prominent was former Columbia University instructor Charles Van Doren, who had won $129,000 on the program Twenty One.[55]
  • A furniture warehouse fire in the German city of Nuremberg killed twenty employees, including four who jumped from the fourth story of the building.[56] Police arrested one of the survivors, a paper press operator who had worked in the basement and was believed to have accidentally caused the blaze by throwing a cigarette.[57]
  • Frank Sinatra completed the recording of his album All Alone, in Los Angeles.
  • Born: Jim Carrey, Canadian-American actor and comedian, in Newmarket, Ontario
  • Died: Gerrit Achterberg, 56, Dutch poet

January 18, 1962 (Thursday)

January 19, 1962 (Friday)
  • KGB agents identified Colonel Oleg Penkovsky as the man who was secretly meeting British national Janet Chisholm in Moscow. The agents, who had been shadowing Mrs. Chisholm, had first seen the two together on December 30, and followed Penkovsky to his apartment. Surveillance determined that Colonel Penkovsky, a high clearance official with the Soviet military intelligence agency GRU, had been bringing home classified material relating to ballistic missiles, photographing it, and giving the film to the British intelligence agency MI-6. Penkovsky, whose information alerted the United States to the placement of nuclear missiles in Cuba, would be arrested on October 22, when the Cuban Missile Crisis began, and would be executed on May 16, 1963 for treason.[62]
  • Died:

January 20, 1962 (Saturday)
The original Lt. Columbo

January 21, 1962 (Sunday)

January 22, 1962 (Monday)
  • While cast in the film Cleopatra, Richard Burton and Elizabeth Taylor fell in love on the first day of filming the re-enactment of the romance between Mark Antony and Queen Cleopatra, which had taken place in 40 BC. They divorced their respective spouses, Sybil Burton and Eddie Fisher, and married in 1964, divorcing in 1974, remarrying in 1975, and divorcing again in 1976.[67]
  • The Organisation Armée Secrète (OAS), opposed to the independence of Algeria, bombed the French Foreign Ministry, by placing a time bomb inside a truck that was going into the compound. A mailroom worker was killed, and three people were seriously injured by the shattering of hundreds of windows at the Quai d'Orsay. Gunmen from the OAS also kidnapped a member of Parliament, Dr. Paul Mainguy, who was rescued that afternoon by French police.[68]
  • The Organization of American States (OAS) suspended Cuba's membership. Whilst technically still a member, the Cuban government was denied the rights of representation, attendance at meetings and[69]
  • Born: Mizan Zainal Abidin of Terengganu, 13th Yang di-Pertuan Agong, constitutional head of state of Malaysia (2006-2011); in Kuala Terengganu

January 23, 1962 (Tuesday)
Robinson
Feller
  • In his first year of eligibility, Jackie Robinson was elected to the Baseball Hall Of Fame, receiving 124 of the 160 ballots cast and becoming the first African-American to be enshrined at Cooperstown. In addition to being the first black MLB player of the modern era, Robinson had also been a six time All-Star, the 1947 Rookie of the Year, and the 1949 MVP for the National League.[70] Cleveland Indians pitcher Bob Feller, elected on the same day, was also inducted in his first year of eligibility. It was the first time since the original five selections (Ty Cobb, Babe Ruth, Walter Johnson, Honus Wagner and Christy Mathewson) that anyone had won 75% of the votes on their first try.[71]
  • Singer Tony Bennett first recorded what would become his signature song, I Left My Heart in San Francisco. Ralph Sharon, who accompanied Bennett's songs on the piano, had been shown the song in 1959 by writers George Cory and Douglass Cross, then put it away in a dresser drawer. Sharon ran across it again when Bennett was invited to perform in San Francisco, and Bennett sang it in December. The song was released as the B-side of Once Upon a Time, and went on to sell two million copies and to win two Grammy Awards.[72]
  • American inventor Thomas Townsend Brown received U.S. Patent 3,018,394 for an "Electro-kinetic Transducer", a means of using an electric field as a means of propulsion of aircraft.[73]
  • Died: Natlia Sedova Trotsky, 79, widow of Leon Trotsky

January 24, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • The East German government instituted conscription into its armed forces, which formerly had been filled by volunteers. Western sources speculated that the East Germans had waited until the completion of the Berlin Wall before announcing the draft.[74]
  • Brian Epstein made a verbal contract with the four members of The Beatles, becoming their manager in return for receiving up to 25 percent of their gross earnings.[75]
  • An attempt by the United States, to launch five satellites into orbit from the same rocket, failed when the final stage of the Thor-Able-Star rocket failed to provide sufficient thrust to break the pull of gravity. Falling into the Gulf of Mexico "well south of Cuba" were the 80 foot rocket and the satellites SR-4, Injun II, Lofti II, Secor and Surcal, worth $3,500,000 altogether.[76]
  • Died: Stanley Lord, 84, Captain of the SS Californian, at the time of the sinking of RMS Titanic nearly 50 years earlier.

January 25, 1962 (Thursday)
  • Governor of Montana Donald G. Nutter was killed, along with five other people, in a plane crash. Nutter had been on his way from Helena to a speaking engagement in Cut Bank when his C-47 plane went down in a mountain canyon near Wolf Creek. He was succeeded by Lt. Governor Tim M. Babcock.[77]
  • Anandyn Amar, who had served twice as Prime Minister of Mongolia (1928–30 and 1936–39) and Chairman of the Presidium of State (1932–36) before becoming a victim of a purge by Joseph Stalin, was posthumously rehabilitated, more than 20 years after his execution by the Soviet Union on July 27, 1941.[78]

January 26, 1962 (Friday)
  • The American space probe Ranger 3 was launched from Cape Canaveral at 3:30 pm local time with the objective of duplicating the Soviet feat of landing a satellite on the Moon. Hours later, NASA announced that the Atlas rocket had hurled Ranger 3 into its trajectory too quickly, and that the probe would miss its target by 22,000 miles.[79] Intersecting the Moon's orbit after 50 hours instead of the planned 66 hours,[80] the spacecraft arrived too soon, got no closer than 22,862 miles from the Moon and went into orbit around the sun.[81]
  • Seventeen employees at the National Steel Company in Volta Redonda, Brazil, were killed when a ladle of molten steel poured down upon them during the morning shift.[82]
  • Died:
    • Charles "Lucky" Luciano, 64, Sicilian-born American mafioso who had been deported from the U.S. months earlier. Exiled in Italy, Luciano had just greeted film producer Martin Gosch, who had arrived at the Capodichino Airport in Naples to discuss plans for a film about Luciano's life. As the two men walked out of the terminal with policeman Marcello Resta, Luciano, who had ordered the murder of more than 40 rival gangsters during his career, collapsed from a fatal heart attack at 5:25 pm. A deputy commissioner of the U.S. Narcotics Bureau told reporters later that day that Luciano had been facing re-arrest for his role in a major drug ring.[83] The film, Lucky Luciano, was made eleven years later and released in 1974, with Italian actor Gian Maria Volonté portraying Luciano.
    • Gerald Rudolff Ford, 71, adoptive father of future U.S. President Gerald R. Ford and owner of a paint and varnish manufacturing company in Grand Rapids, Michigan, died of injuries after slipping on an icy sidewalk. In 1917, the elder Ford had married Ford's mother and then changed the name of her 3-year-old son, Leslie Lynch King, Jr. to his own, with the exception of spelling the middle name as Rudolph.[84]
  • Died: Eunice Gray, 77, died in a fire at the Waco Hotel in Fort Worth, Texas, which she had operated for 40 years. Theories abound that Gray was the same person as Etta Place, former girlfriend, last seen in 1907, of the Harry Longabaugh, the Sundance Kid.[85]

January 27, 1962 (Saturday)
  • With the publication of a January 15 decree of the Supreme Soviet, the Soviet Union changed all remaining street names and place names honoring Vyacheslav Molotov, Lazar Kaganovich, Georgi Malenkov, and Kliment Voroshilov two months after the five aides to Joseph Stalin had been denounced by the Soviet Communist Party.[86] The Azerbaijan SSR city of Molotov would become Oktyabrkend, and the city of Perm had reverted to its name after Molotov's ouster in 1957; Voroshilovgrad was renamed Luhansk and Voroshilov in the far east became Ussuriysk.
  • The planned 7:30 am launch of Lt. Col. John H. Glenn, Jr. was postponed after the countdown clock stopped 20 minutes before liftoff. Glenn had been in the capsule since 5:10 am and was prepared to become the first U.S. astronaut to orbit the Earth, while much of the nation watched live coverage. After technical difficulties halted the countdown, the skies became overcast with thick cloud cover, and the mission was scrubbed at 9:20 am.[87]
  • Peter Snell set a new world record for the mile, running the distance in 3 minutes, 54.4 seconds, at Cook's Gardens, Wanganui. Herb Elliott of Australia had held the record since August 6, 1958.[88]
  • At a major conference in Beijing, Liu Shaoqi, President of the People's Republic of China, criticized the "Great Leap Forward" economic policies of Party Chairman Mao Zedong. "People do not have enough food, clothes or other essentials... agricultural output has dropped tremendously," Liu told the assembly, adding "There is not only no Great Leap Forward, but a great deal of falling backward." Chairman Mao made a rare self-criticism three days later, and eventually took revenge on Liu, who disappeared in 1968 and reportedly died in 1969.[89]

January 28, 1962 (Sunday)

January 29, 1962 (Monday)
  • The Automobile Manufacturers Association of the U.S. announced that all 1963 model American vehicles would be equipped with amber-colored turn signals on the front, rather than being the same color as the headlights, which had been the standard since the signals had first been introduced in 1938. The change was made after the manufacturers had lobbied for the repeal of bans in 25 states against amber-colored lights.[93]
  • The Miss Dominican Republic competition was held in Santo Domingo and was won by Sarah Olimpia Frómeta Pou.
  • Born: Olga Tokarczuk, Polish writer, in Sulechów
  • Died: Fritz Kreisler, 86, Austrian violinist

January 30, 1962 (Tuesday)
  • Two of the high-wire "Flying Wallendas" were killed when their famous 7-person pyramid collapsed during a tightrope walking performance at the Shrine Circus at the State Fair Coliseum in Detroit. Dieter Schepp, who had lost his footing and caused the group to topple, and Richard Faughnan both died of head injuries after falling 36 feet to the concrete arena floor. Mario Wallenda was paralyzed as a result of the accident, and Karl Wallenda and Jana Schepp were hospitalized for their injuries.[94]
  • Fourteen of the 21 member states of the Organization of American States voted to oust Cuba. Six other nations abstained, and Cuba voted against the resolution, which barely passed by a 2/3rds majority.[95]
  • Tanganyika laughter epidemic: Three students at a girls' boarding school in the Tanzanian village of Kashasha began laughing, and other students reacted. Within six weeks, 95 of the school's 159 students were laughing uncontrollably, and on March 18, the school closed and sent the pupils back to their home villages. The mass reaction spread to the villages of Nshamba, Ramanshenye, and Kanyangereka and affected hundreds of people before halting in 1963.[96]
  • Born: Prince Abdullah of Jordan, to King Hussein and Princess Muna al-Hussein, formerly Antoinette Avril Gardiner of Britain. He would succeed his father as King Abdullah II in 1999; Mary Kay Letourneau, American child rapist, in Tustin, California[97]

January 31, 1962 (Wednesday)
  • Telling reporters that "It's a tradition that the show must go on," tightrope walkers Gunther Wallenda and his father, Herman Wallenda walked the high wire at the Shrine Circus in Detroit, 24 hours after the disastrous had killed two members of the troupe, and put the three others in the hospital.[98]
  • Twenty-eight people had been killed by the fourth day of an unusually heavy fog in the San Joaquin and Sacramento valleys in central California, with the deaths of 11 people on their way to a labor camp in Mendota. Their bus was hit by a Southern Pacific freight train. Since January 28, seventeen other people had been killed on U.S. Highway 99 in accidents related to visibility of less than 100 feet. The cloud cover dissipated by February 2.[99]
  • Arthur Watts relinquished the leadership of the National Party of Western Australia.
  • Snowfall with accumulation recorded on the Mediterranean island of Malta. A very rare meteorological occurrence.[100]
  • Born: Alexey Miller, Russian industrialist, in Leningrad (now Saint-Petersburg
  • Died: Noel Purcell, 70, Irish water polo and rugby union player who represented the Ireland national team in both sports during the 1920s.

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  2. Robert D. Craig, Historical Dictionary of Polynesia (Scarecrow Press, 2002) pp72-73
  3. Honey, P. J.. "North Vietnam's Workers' Party and South Vietnam's People's Revolutionary Party", Pacific Affairs, (Winter, 1962-1963), pp. 375-383
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  28. David Lawrence, Tanzania: The Land, Its People and Contemporary Life (New Africa Press, 2009) p202
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  30. "House Elects McCormack", Miami News, January 10, 1962, p1
  31. "Mine Rescuers Find 11 Bodies", Montreal Gazette, January 12, 1962, p2
  32. Ramsey Flynn, Cry from the Deep: The Sinking of the Kursk, the Submarine Disaster That Riveted the World and Put the New Russia to the Ultimate Test (HarperCollins, 2005) pp27-28
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  48. "Clears Boy, 13 in School Fire He Confessed", Chicago Daily Tribune, March 14, 1962, p3
  49. "Balaguer Resigns, Junta Takes Over, Milwaukee Journal, January 17, 1962, p1
  50. Theodore Friend, Indonesian Destinies (Harvard University Press, 2003) p124
  51. "An Air Force Bomber Crashes into Wright Peak" adirondack-park.net
  52. Collected Jamestown Post-Journal articles relating to January 16, 1962 B-47 Adirondacks crash.
  53. "Paper in Mississippi Goes Out of Business", Milwaukee Journal, January 17, 1962, p2
  54. Eric Arnesen, Encyclopedia of United States Labor and Working-class History (CRC Press, 2007) p72
  55. "Quiz Star Van Doren, 9 Others Plead Guilty", Milwaukee Journal, January 17, 1962, p1
  56. "Warehouse Fire Kills 17 Germans", Milwaukee Journal, January 17, 1962, p1
  57. "Fire Killing 20 Blamed On Cigaret", Miami News, January 17, 1962, p9A
  58. "DOMINICAN JUNTA FALLS", Miami News, January 19, 1962, p1
  59. Clemente A. Lisi, A History of the World Cup, 1930-2010 (Scarecrow Press, 2011) pp94-95
  60. Mary E. Daly, The Slow Failure: Population Decline and Independent Ireland, 1922-1973 (University of Wisconsin Press, 2006) p257
  61. "Germans Hold Himmler Aide", Miami News, January 22, 1962, p4A
  62. Jonathan Haslam, Russia's Cold War: From the October Revolution to the Fall of the Wall (Yale University Press, 2011)
  63. "Columbo: The Genesis of a Character", Mysteryfile.com; William Link and Richard Levinson, Prescription: Murder (Samuel French, Inc., 1963) p4
  64. Anthony Hallett and Diane Hallett, Entrepreneur Magazine Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurs (John Wiley and Sons, Oct 24, 1997) pp314-315
  65. "Love, James Spencer", in Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, reprinted by NCPedia.org
  66. Cuba: Foreign Policy & Government Guide Volume 1 (International Business Publications, 2001) p75
  67. Sam Kashner and Nancy Schoenberger, Furious Love: Elizabeth Taylor, Richard Burton, and the Marriage of the Century (HarperCollins, 2010) p18
  68. "Bomb Rocks Paris Foreign Ministry Bldg.", The Milwaukee Sentinel, January 23, 1962, p1
  69. participation in OAS activities. Morris H. Morley, Imperial State and Revolution: The United States and Cuba, 1952-1986 (Cambridge University Press, 1987) p156
  70. Richard Scott, Jackie Robinson (Holloway House Publishing, 1990) p150
  71. "Jackie Robinson And Bob Feller In Hall of Fame", Ottawa Citizen, January 23, 1962, p15
  72. David Evanier, All the Things You Are: The Life of Tony Bennett (John Wiley & Sons, 2011) p135
  73. Thomas Valone, Electrogravitics Systems: Reports on a New Propulsion Methodology (Integrity Research Institute, 1994) p122-123
  74. "East Germany Orders Draft", Daytona Beach (FL) Morning Journal, January 25, 1962
  75. Barry Miles, Paul McCartney: Many Years from Now (Macmillan, 1998) p88
  76. "Canaveral Rocket Shot A 5-Star Blowout", Miami News, January 24, 1962, p1
  77. "Crash Kills Governor", Reading (PA) Eagle, January 26, 1962, p1
  78. Alan J. K. Sanders, Historical Dictionary of Mongolia (Scarecrow Press, May 30, 2010) pp52-53
  79. "RANGER TO MISS MOON", Milwaukee Sentinel, January 27, 1962, p1
  80. United States Space Science Program Report to COSPAR (May, 1962) p26
  81. "Satellite Misses Moon By 22,862 Miles; Is Doomed To A Long Futile Flight", Gettysburg (PA) Times, January 29, 1962, p1
  82. "Molten Steel Spills, 17 Killed", Miami Daily News, January 27, 1962, p1
  83. Tim Newark, Boardwalk Gangster: The Real Lucky Luciano (Macmillan, 2011) p255
  84. James M. Cannon, Time and Chance: Gerald Ford's Appointment with History (University of Michigan Press, 1998) p72
  85. Leonard Sanders, Fort Worth (Texas Christian University Press, 2005) p511
  86. "Order Molotov Name Removed from Towns", Youngstown (OH) Vindicator, January 27, 1962, p1
  87. "Clouds Stop Glenn Orbit" and "He Was 20 Minutes Away From Destiny", St. Petersburg (FL) Sunday Independent, January 28, 1962, p1
  88. NZhistory.net; "New Zealander Breaks Record For Mile Run", Miami News, January 28, 1962, p1C
  89. Martin Sieff, Shifting Superpowers: The New and Emerging Relationship between the United States, China, and India (Cato Institute, 2009) pp59-60
  90. "Sentimental Journeys Bid Trolley Farewell", Spokane Daily Chronicle, January 27, 1962, p2
  91. Craig Glenday, ed., Guinness World Records 2009 (Random House, 2009) p68
  92. Zakai Shalom, The Superpowers, Israel and the Future of Jordan, 1960-1963: The Perils of the pro-Nasser Policy (Sussex Academic Press, 1999) p42
  93. "Signals Turn To Amber", Miami News, January 29, 1962, p9A
  94. "Horrified Crowd Sees 2 Aerialists Die In Fall", The Deseret News (Salt Lake City), January 31, 1962, p1
  95. "O.A.S. Votes To Oust Red Cuba- Slim Margin Supports Move By United States", Windsor (ON) Star, January 31, 1962, p1
  96. Nicholas A. Christakis and James H. Fowler, Connected: The Surprising Power of our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives (Hachette Digital, 2009); "Laughing Malady Puzzle in Africa", New York Times, August 8, 1963, p29
  97. Services, Staff Reports and News. "Mary Kay Letourneau, teacher who raped and married student, dies at 58" – via www.washingtonpost.com.
  98. "2 Wallendas Back On Top-- 2 Others Dead, 3 Injured, But Show Must Go On And Does", Miami News, February 1, 1962, p9A
  99. "California Smothered By Killer Fog- Visibility Is Zero at Times; 28 Die", Miami News, February 1, 1962, p11A
  100. "Snow storms in Malta". 2014-07-11. Retrieved 2016-09-29.
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